生物炭对不同植烟土壤理化特性及烤烟根系发育的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0076

中国农业科技导报 ›› 0, Vol. ›› Issue (): 148-156.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0076

生物炭对不同植烟土壤理化特性及烤烟根系发育的影响

吉贵锋1,王鹏泽2,位辉琴3,李军正1,邢云霞4*,蒋海洋1

1.三门峡市烟草公司灵宝市分公司, 河南灵宝 472500; 2.天昌国际烟草有限公司天昌复烤厂, 河南许昌 461000; 3.天昌国际烟草有限公司, 河南许昌 461000; 4.河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司, 河南三门峡 472000

收稿日期:2019-02-03 出版日期:2019-10-15 发布日期:2019-03-28
通讯作者: *通信作者：邢云霞，农艺师，主要从事烟叶生产技术研究。E-mail：2918356439@qq.com
作者简介:吉贵锋，农艺师，主要从事烟叶生产管理和技术研究推广。E-mail：615801795@qq.com。
基金资助:
河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司科技计划项目（201703）资助。

Effects of Biochar on Physicochemical Properties of Four Cultivated Soils and Root Development of Flue-cured Tobacco

JI Guifeng1, WANG Pengze2, WEI Huiqin3, LI Junzheng1, XING Yunxia4*, JIANG Haiyang1

1.Lingbao Branch of Sanmenxia Tobacco Company, Henan Lingbao 472500; 2.Tianchang International Tobacco Co., Ltd., Tianchang Redrying Factory, Henan Xuchang 461000; 3.Tianchang International Tobacco Co., Ltd., Henan Xuchang 461000; 4.Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Tobacco Company, Henan Sanmenxia 472000, China

Received:2019-02-03 Online:2019-10-15 Published:2019-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨生物炭对我国不同类型土壤理化性质的影响，以烤烟为供试作物，在2015-2017年利用大田试验，选用我国4种典型植烟土壤（红壤土、黄棕土、褐土、暗棕土）作为研究材料，每种土壤分别设置不施肥料和生物炭（CK）、常规施化肥（T1）、减施肥料和施加生物炭（T2）共3个处理。结果表明：①与CK和T1相比，T2处理可以显著增加酸性土壤pH，对红壤土增加明显，分别增加29.17%、34.78%，对于暗棕土（弱碱性土壤）土壤pH则有降低的作用。生物炭对降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度作用明显，且在红壤土作用更加显著；②T2处理有效提高土壤微生物生物量碳和有机碳含量，对红壤土和暗棕土有机碳含量提高作用显著，相对于CK和T1，红壤土分别提高66.9%、60.53%，暗棕土分别提高51.73%、38.76%；③生物炭可提高土壤中速效氮、磷、钾的含量，该作用效果在红壤土中较明显。④T2处理提高烤烟根系活力和根尖数，其中对黄棕土作用明显，相对于CK和T1，根系活力提高7.98%、12.72%，根尖数提高60.46%、20.67%。综上，生物炭能够使土壤酸碱度趋于中性，改善土壤物理特性，提高土壤有效营养成分，促进作物根系发育，但不同土壤对生物炭的具体需求量和化肥减施量有待进一步研究。

关键词: 生物炭, 不同类型土壤, 土壤理化特性, 烤烟根系发育

Abstract: In order to explore the impact of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of different soils types in China, this paper took flue-cured tobacco as test crop; conducted field experiment in 2015-2017; and selected 4 typical soil types as research material including red soil, yellow umber, cinnamon, dark umber. Three treatments including non-fertilizer + biochar (CK), conventional chemical fertilization (T1) , and reduce fertilizer + applying biochar (T2) were set up. The results showed that: ① comparing with CK and T1, treatment T2 could significantly increase the pH of acidic soils, increasing by 29.17% and 34.78%, respectively. For dark umber (weakly alkaline soil), the soil pH was decreased. Biochar could remarkably reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity. These effects were more obviouse in red soil. ② T2 treatment could effectively increase soil microbial biomass carbon and organic carbon content. It could significantly increase soil organic carbon content especially in red soil and dark umber. Compared with CK and T1, those in red soil were increased by 66.9% and 60.53%, respectively; and in dark umber by 51.73% and 38.76%, respectively. ③ Biochar could increase the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, and this effect was obvious in red loam. ④ T2 treatment could improve root system vigor and increase root tip number of flue-cured tobacco. This effect was remarkable in yellow brown soil. Compared to CK and T1, the root system activity was increased by 7.98% and 12.72%, and root tip number was improved by 60.46% and 20.67%. In a word, biochar could make soil pH neutral, improve soil physical properties, increase soil effective nutrient content, and promote crop root system development. However, the specific demand for biochar and fertilizer reduction of different soil types still need to be further studied.

Key words: biochar, different types of soil, soil physicochemical property, root system development of flue-cured tobacco

吉贵锋1,王鹏泽2,位辉琴3,李军正1,邢云霞4*,蒋海洋1. 生物炭对不同植烟土壤理化特性及烤烟根系发育的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 0, (): 148-156.

JI Guifeng1, WANG Pengze2, WEI Huiqin3, LI Junzheng1, XING Yunxia4*, JIANG Haiyang1. Effects of Biochar on Physicochemical Properties of Four Cultivated Soils and Root Development of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 0, (): 148-156.

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生物炭对不同植烟土壤理化特性及烤烟根系发育的影响

Effects of Biochar on Physicochemical Properties of Four Cultivated Soils and Root Development of Flue-cured Tobacco

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