The reform of the “13^th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan established a new framework for national key research and development programs. The inclusion of the “Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation” aimed to support technological innovation in forestry. This initiative was strategically designed to reveal mechanisms for regulating forestry resource cultivation and efficient utilization， enhance the unit productivity of major artificial forests， and improve resource utilization efficiency. The approach involved organizing basic research， key technology research， and technology integration demonstrations through an “innovation chain layout and integrated implementation of the industrial chain”. By the end of 2022， the program had concluded successfully and completed the comprehensive performance evaluation. This study， focusing the "Forestry Resource Cultivation and Efficient Utilization Technology Innovation" of the “13^th Five-Year” National Science and Technology Plan， summarized and analyzed the background， project initiation， and implementation effectiveness， which would serve as a valuable reference for the future allocation， organization and management of forestry science and technology resources.

The transformation and development of agricultural science and technology park counting intelligence is an important way to accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization. The construction of agricultural science and technology parks in China is still in the primary stage of development. With the continuous breakthrough and integration of digital technology and agricultural technology， agricultural science and technology parks are transforming and developing from the traditional single agricultural science and technology demonstration to the direction of integrated innovation and digital intelligence. At present， China’s agricultural science and technology parks are facing the backwardness of agricultural information technology infrastructure， the lack of high-quality agricultural production and management personnel， digital agriculture equipment backwardness， digital services and management mechanisms not perfect and other outstanding problems. The digitalized agriculture machinery and equipment is backward， and the digitalized service management mechanism is imperfect. Therefore， it is necessary to optimize the configuration of digital elements， improve the intelligent facilities and equipment， and innovate the way of digital services. This paper defined the connotation of China’s agricultural science and technology park digital intellectual transformation and development， analyzed the current situation and the main problems and explored the main direction of agricultural science and technology park digital intellectual transformation and development. Based on these， it provided theoretical guidance for the transformation and development of agricultural science and technology parks， and provided suggestions and countermeasures for cracking the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and industrial integration.

The occurrence of early spring and late frost damage brought severe challenges to the production of walnuts in China， seriously affecting their growth， development， yield and revenue. In order to clarify the harmful characteristics and influencing mechanisms of late frost on walnuts in China， the influencing factors of the degree of damage caused by late frost on walnuts， as well as the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators and molecular mechanisms in response to low temperature stress were reviewed. It was found that research on physiological changes focused on the three aspects including cell membrane system （relative conductivity）， antioxidant system （malondialdehyde， superoxide dismutase， peroxidase and catalase） and osmoregulation substances （soluble sugars， soluble protein and proline）， in addition， the expression levels of genes such as JrPAL， JrJAZ， JrGRAS， JrICE1， JrCBF/JrDREB1， JrCOR， JrWRKY， JrDHN， JrGST， and JrPUB were induced by low temperature stress. And prospects were put for future research directions， which provided scientific basis for further exploring the response mechanism of walnuts to late frost damage and adopting effective production measures.

To clarify the codon usage characteristics of CqGAI gene， the sequence of CqGAI gene was cloned. The codon usage preference of CqGAI gene was analyzed using CodonW， SPSS software and EMBOSS online program， and neutral mapping， ENC analysis and parity preference bias analysis were performed with GAI genes of 25 plants. The results showed that the length of coding sequence （CDS） of CqGAI gene was 1 782 bp， which encoded 593 amino acids， and contained the unique structural domains of DELLA gene family such as DELLA， TVHYNP， NLS， VHIID， LHR and RVER. The CqGAI gene could rapidly responded to gibberellines （GA），_{whichplayed a key role in the GA signaling pathway. Codon bias analysis showed that ENC， CAI and GC content of CqGAI gene were 54.14， 0.21 and 46.18%， respectively， with weak codon bias， preference ending with A/T and 27 high frequency codons. The clustering analyses showed that the CqGAI gene had the closest preference to Caryophyllales. The base composition and correlation analysis revealed that the codon preference of CqGAI gene was influenced by selection effect and base mutation. The frequency of codon usage indicated that both Escherichia coli and yeast were suitable for heterologous expression of CqGAI gene， and Arabidopsis thaliana， Nicotiana tabacum and Beta vulgaris were suitable for genetic transformation recipients for functional analysis of CqGAI gene. Above results provided an important reference for further study the function and heterologous expression of CqGAI gene.}

In order to improve the field use efficiency of the mechanized wide row planting sugarcane area， reduce the grass and herbicide， increase the profit via the intercropping at the stage of sugarcane seedling，7 peanut and 5 sweetcorn varieties were chosen to intercrop with sugarcane using sugarcane monocrop as a control， and the experiment of interplanting peanut and sweet corn in sugarcane wide row with supporting agricultural machinery was carried out simultaneously， the yield components and profit of 2 intercropping systems were investigated. The results showed that the plant height of sugarcane was negatively correlated with that of sweetcorn but positively correlated with that of peanut， which were intercropped between rows. Compared with sugarcane monocrop， the single stem weight of sugarcane intercropping with sweetcorn significantly decreased， which showed no significant difference intercropping with peanut； the tiller number， effective stems and yield of sugarcane significantly decreased for both intercropping systems， the decreasing rate of intercropping sweetcorn was significantly higher than that of intercropping peanut. However， there was no significant difference for sugarcane brix between each intercropping system and monocrop. Intercropping ‘Yuetian 28’ obtained higher corn yield and farmland straw input， ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Huameitian 9’ possessed the optimal brix and spike respectively， while ‘Zhanyou 1155’ ‘Rehong 1’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’ ‘Zhanyou 75’ ‘Zhanyou 62’ possessed the highest peanut kernel yield and oil content respectively. The increase of intercropping system profit over 30% showed as ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ > ‘Huameitian 9’ > ‘ZGP113’ > ‘Zhanyou 1155’， but the yield reduction rate of intercropping ‘Huameitian 9’ and ‘ZGP113’ increased 13.73 and 4.37 percentage points comparing with intercropping ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’， which determined the optimal intercropping varieties for sweetcorn and peanut were ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ and ‘Zhanyou 1155’. In summary， sugarcane intercropping ‘Zhongnongtian 414’ sweetcorn could improve the profit and farmland straw carbon input while the decrease of sugarcane yield made adverse effect of keeping sugar red line. Sugarcane intercropping ‘Zhanyou 1155’ and ‘ZGP113’ could increase profit and achieve soil improvement based on stable sugarcane yield.

In order to improve the seed germination and seedling growth of Chaotian pepper under drought stress， 1， 5， 25， 50， 75， 100， 125， 150 μmol·L^-1 of melatonin solution were used to initiate the treatment of Chaotian pepper seeds， and 10% PEG solution was used to simulate water stress， and the seed germination， seedling growth and physiological changes of Chaotian pepper were analyzed. The results showed that 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin solution significantly increased the germination potential， germination rate， germination index and vigor index of the seeds under drought stress， which were increased by 425.01%， 122.73%， 178.55% and 796.93%， respectively， compared with the seeds without initiation. 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin solution could significantly increase the plant length， root length， above ground height， fresh weight， root fresh weight， above ground fresh weight and plant dry weight of Chaotian pepper seedlings under drought stress，which were increased by 146.70%， 221.74%， 70.00%， 48.88%， 121.66%， 39.38% and 285.71%， respectively，compared with the seeds without initiation. Physiological analysis showed that the catalase （CAT） activity， ascorbate peroxidase （APX） activity， and soluble sugar（SS） content of seeds induced by 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin solution were the highest， while malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂） contents were the lowest. After germination of seeds induced by 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin under drought stress， the highest levels of peroxidase （POD） activity， CAT activity， APX activity， SS， soluble protein （SP）， and proline （Pro） contents were observed in the seedlings； MDA and reactive oxygen species （ROS） had the lowest content. Above results indicated that using 100 μmol·L^-1 melatonin solution could induce the germination and growth of Chaotian pepper seeds under drought stress， which provided reference for drought resistant cultivation and breeding of Chaotian pepper.

To explore the effect of Vitis amurensis Rupr. leaf on CO₂ response characteristics， 4 varieties of 5 a Vitis amurensis Rupr. were as materials， including ‘Beibinghong’ ‘Beiguohong’ ‘Shuanghong’ and ‘Xuelanhong’. The intercellular CO₂ concentration （C_i）， stomatal conductance （G_s）， water utilization rate （WUE），transpiration rate （T_r） were determined including using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The photosynthetic CO₂ response curve （P_n-C_i） of Vitis amurensis Rupr. leaf was fitted by rectangular hyperbola model， Michaelis-Menten model， modified rectangular hyperbola model. The results showed that， the fitting values of photosynthetic parameters were close to measured values by the modified rectangular hyperbola models， which could directly calculate the CO₂ saturation point （CSP）. With the increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration （C_a）， C_i of 4 varieties showed a linear increasing trend， G_s and T_r generally increased first and then decreased， WUE decreased first and then increased with ‘U’ trend. The principal component analysis extracted 2 principal components， which the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 84.613%. The score of ‘Xuelanhong’ was the highest in the comprehensive evaluation， which had the best adaptability in low C_a environment， and conversion rate of light energy was the highest. ‘Shuanghong’ was second， which could maintain high photosynthetic efficiency at different concentrations of C_a. In conclusion， the modified rectangular hyperbola models was the best on fitted the P_n-C_i response curve of Vitis amurensis Rupr.

In order to study the contents and composition of fatty acids in meat of Tibetan sheep at different altitudes under natural grazing conditions， 6 ewes （3 years old） of Tibetan sheep at different elevations were selected， including high （4 500 m）， middle （3 500 m） and low （2 500 m） altitudes. The composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi， foreleg muscle and hindleg muscle were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in fatty acid composition and content among Tibetan sheeps at different altitudes. Among them， the content of myristic acid （C14∶0） was the lowest in 3 muscle tissues of Tibetan sheeps at low altitude. And the content of oleic acid （C18∶1n9c） was the highest in 3 muscle tissues of Tibetan sheep at low altitude， which was significantly higher than that at middle and high altitudes. The ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） to saturated fatty acids （SFA） （P/S） in different muscle tissues were from 0.168 to 0.504， and the P/S value of the longissimus dorsi muscle of Tibetan sheep at high altitude was significantly higher than that of middle and low altitudes. To sum up， except the longissimus dorsi of Tibetan sheep at high altitude area， the composition of fatty acids in different muscle tissues of Tibetan sheep at low altitude area had more advantages， which had good edible value and potential to produce high-grade mutton.

In order to reduce pesticide application， develop green pest prevention and control technology， and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products， a green pest prevention and control system was designed which composed of multi-functional plant protection machine and information management system，for facility vegetables based on the internet of things（IoT） technology， and combined with ozone sterilization and disease prevention， light source induced pest control， crop health identification， pest identification and early warning and other technologies. The results showed that under the green control system， the incidence rate of strawberry powdery mildew decreased by 27.7%， and the average yield of strawberry increased by 19.8% compared with the conventional application method， which had significant effect on powdery mildew control and potential of strawberry yield increase. Meanwhile， the functions of system early warning service， various disinfection and sterilization methods， remote control and intelligent trusteeship had effectively alleviated the problems of backward plant protection technology and equipment， excessive dependence on pesticide use， structural shortage of labor force， and maintenance and operation difficulties in China. The application of the system realized the greening， specialization and intellectualization of vegetable pest control in facilities to a certain extent.

In order to solve the core problems existing in the development of aeolian sand equipment and discuss the interaction mechanism between mixing cutter and aeolian sand-soil modification material， this paper analyzed its working principle based on the national standard rotary tiller IT245， and designed a special mixing cutter for aeolian sand improvement on this basis. Through the Discrete Element Method simulation and laboratory tests， the mixing effect of IT245 and special cutter at 5 depths was analyzed by using the ratio of soil modification material to sample volume as evaluation index. The larger the deflection angle was， the larger the volume ratio of the soil material was， and when the depth was 150-120 mm and deflection angle was 60°， the maximum value was 35.67%. The larger bending angle was， the larger volume ratio of soil modification material was， and when the depth was 150-120 mm， bending angle was 130°， the maximum value was 36.02%.The comparison results of mixing effect between aeolian sand mixing cutter and national standard rotary tiller IT245 showed the shallower the depth， the larger the volume ratio of the soil modification material， the better the mixing effect. when the depth was 90-60 and 60-30 mm， the volume ratio of soil modification material of aeolian sand and soil mixing cutter with deflection angle 60° increased by 3.19%， 5.11%， respectively. The mixing process and mixing effect of aeolian sand and soil modification material were studied， which provided basis for the design and optimization of aeolian sand mixing cutter and aeolian sand treatment machinery.

Aiming at the intelligent demand for tomato picking operation in plant factories， in order to overcome the problems of low recognition accuracy and low speed caused by different sizes and overlapping of tomato fruits during picking operation， an improved target recognition model of YOLOX-L-TN was proposed， in which a TN module containing residual structure was designed according to the internal structure and principle of channel and spatial attention mechanism of feature graph， and integrated into the backbone network of YOLOX-L. This model improved the speed and accuracy of model recognition while maintaining the lightweight of the network. Compared with YOLOX-L， the AP value of YOLOX-L-TN was increased by 4.81 percentage points， and the recognition time of single image is increased by 0.141 7 s， and the optimal position of TN module was between the input and the backbone network. Furthermore， TN module was compared with similar modules SENet， CAM， CBAM and CAM， and the results showed that AP value was increased by 0.53， 4.19， 6.12 and 6.34 percentage points， respectively， and the recognition time of single image is increased by 0.019 1， 0.025 0， 0.021 1， 0.018 9 s， respectively. In conclusion， the proposed YOLOX-L-TN model had the advantages of high precision， fast identification speed and high robustness， which provided technical support for the intelligent picking of tomatoes in the later stage.

Roses in the planting environment are closely distributed and shielded from each other. In order to accurately detect and extract the characteristics of roses， the colour and shape of roses were recognized and processed based on machine vision. Firstly， bilateral filtering was selected to denoise the rose image， and then the colour of the rose was extracted by using the hexagonal cone colour model （HSV）， and a scrollbar function was created to segment the threshold of each component of the hexagonal cone colour model to determine the optimal threshold. Finally， the contour of the rose was extracted by means of morphological operation， area threshold， hole query and filling. The fitting method of the shape of the inner circle of the rose was proposed， and the center and radius of the fitting inner circle were used as the image features of the rose. The results showed that the rose colour threshold could effectively remove the images of the rose branches and leaves， and the shape fitting algorithm could effectively extract the shape features of the rose and erase the rose bud. By using this method， the recognition rate of single rose was 98.17%， that of overlapping roses with 3 or less roses was 92.67%， that of overlapping roses with 4 or more roses was 74.07%， and that of roses blocked by branches and leaves was 83.03%. This set of machine algorithm could effectively recognize and extract the characteristic values of roses in a complex planting environment， which provided important technical support for rose-picking robot.

To study the O174L gene of African swine fever virus （ASFV）， the O174L gene was connected to the vector pRK5M-C-2×Strep through homologous recombination， and the eukaryotic expression vector of ASFV was constructed. After PCR amplification and sequencing identification， the recombinant plasmid was transfected into porcine intestinal epithelial cells （IPEC-J2）. The expression of O174L protein was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The PCR and sequencing results showed that recombinant plasmid pRK5M-C-2×Strep-O174L was successfully constructed. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that O174Lprotein could be stably expressed in IPEC-J2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis of O174L protein showed that the arrangement of the branches and isolates of the phylogenetic tree based on the O174L gene sequence was highly similar to that based on the B646L （p72） gene sequence. Among the 16 isolates from China， the similarity of the O174L gene sequence between the isolates was as high as 96.76%~100.00%. Compared with other type Ⅱ isolates in China， China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ had differences in the 67^th， 75^th and 110^th amino acids of O174L， and GZ201801 had difference in the 110^th amino acids. The O174Lamino acid sequence of type Ⅰ isolates SD/DY-I/2021 and HeN/ZZ-P1/2021 were different from other Chinese type Ⅱ isolates at 13^th， 73^th， 93^th， 95^th， 113^th and 114^th amino acids， respectively. O174Lprotein was a stable hydrophilic protein without signal peptide and transmembrane region. The secondary structure of O174Lprotein was composed of α helix， β strand and random coil， and the prediction result of tertiary structure was consistent with the secondary structure. Above results provided the basis and experimental materials for studying the protein interaction and genetic evolution between ASFV and host.

In order to identify effective genetic markers for transporter-associated with antigen processing 1 （TAP1）， α（1， 2） fucosyltransferase 1 （FUT1）， natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 （NRAMP1）， mucin 4 （MUC4） and mucin 13 （MUC13） genes in Shanghai local pig breeds， including Shanghai White pig， Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， and provide a reference for the characterization of Shanghai local pig breeds，polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLR） and sequence sequencing were applied to analyze the polymorphisms of the above genes， combined with some immune-related factors to explore the effects on immunity of the 3 Shanghai local pig breeds. The results showed that TAP1 and MUC4 genes had anti-diarrheal genotype GG in all 3 pig breeds， while anti-diarrheal genotype GG of MUC13 gene was detected only in Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， and anti-diarrheal genotype AA of FUT1 and NRAMP1 genes were not detected in any of the 3 pig breeds. TAP1 gene was in moderate polymorphism in Shanghai White pig， Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， the MUC4 gene of Shanghai White pig was in low polymorphism， the MUC4 gene of Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig was in moderate polymorphism， and the MUC13 gene of Shanghai White pig was in moderate polymorphism， among which the TAP1 gene of Shanghai White pig and Shawutou pig did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium， and the MUC4 gene of Fengjing pig did not satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The interleukin 12 （IL-12） level of MUC13 gene type AA was significantly higher than that of type AG in Shanghai White pig， the tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） index of TAP1 gene type AA was significantly higher than that of type GG and AG in Fengjing pig， and the IL-12 index of TAP1 gene type AG was significantly higher than that of type GG in Shawutou pig. Above results had some guiding significance for anti-diarrheal breeding and molecular selection of Shanghai White pig， Fengjing pig and Shawutou pig， and also laid the foundation for future anti-diarrheal breeding work of each local pig breeds in Shanghai.

To identify the pathogenic agent of a newly bacterial wilt disease in kiwifruit， which found in Shihou village， Jiaocheng district， Ningde city， Fujian province in recent years， the bacterial strains were isolated and purified by the dilution separation method. The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested by inoculating on stems and roots of kiwifruit seedlings， and its taxonomic status were identified by Koch’s postulates， bacteria biological and biochemical characteristics， biolog test， PCR verification with the specific primer， evolutionary type was determined by multiplex PCR， analysis of 16S rDNA and endoglucanase gene （egl） sequences. The results showed that 9 strains were isolated and purified from the vascular tissues of the infected stems. Followed Kock’s postulates， the 9 strains could produce the similar symptoms on the inoculated kiwifruit seedlings， and the similar bacterial strains were also re-isolated. The colony morphology of the isolates was irregular， flat， spreading around， and could not produce viscous substances in NA medium， the colony color was dark red， producing reddish-brown pigment diffused into the medium and poor fluidity in TTC medium， while the colony was milky whitish in YDC medium. According to all kinds of analysis， the 9 isolates were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum， belonging to biovar Ⅲ， phylotype Ⅰ （Asia group）， sequevar 14. This was the first report of a disease caused by R.pseudosolanacearum on kiwifruit （Actinidia chinensis Planch）. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the accurate and effective prevention and control of kiwifruit bacterial wilt.

In comparison to the traditional fibers， flax fiber has many features， i.e. high fracture strength， small tensile deformation， better bending and large torsion stiffness. Flax fiber cement-based materials are the civil engineer materials with the broad application prospects. The research statuses and the existing problems of cement-based materials with flax fiber were discussed from 3 aspects， i.e. the physical and chemical properties of flax fiber， the role of flax fiber on the behaviors of cement-based materials， the properties improvement of cement-based materials with flax fiber. Based on above investigation results， the following research directions were drawn： enhance the using of flax fiber to replace polypropylene fiber on cement-based materials； revel the long-term properties of cement-based materials with flax fiber at the wet conditions； build the damage model of flax fiber cement-based composite materials under the combined actions of three-axis stress and wet conditions； improve the application performance of cement-based composite materials with flax fiber through increasing itself strength of flax fiber and improving the interfacial adhesion between flax fiber and cement-based materials.

To investigate the influence characteristic of cadmium on the resistivity of laterite， the laterite samples with different water content， dry density and cadmium content were tested to analyze the relationships between the influence factors and the resistivity of laterite using the two-electrode method，and finally the resistivity evaluation model of the cadmium contaminated laterite was proposed. The results showed that the resistivity of cadmium-contaminated laterite decreased with the increasing of dry density， water content and temperature. The resistivity sharply decreased in the range of dry density less than 1.30 g·cm^-3， then gradually decreased and further stabilized. On the condition of different cadmium content， the resistivity gradually decreased with the increasing water content， and the most significant decrease was observed when the dry density was 1.20 g·cm^-3. Under the same dry density and water content， the effect of temperature above 0 ℃ on resistivity was not significant. The increasing cadmium gave rise to the decreasing resistivity gradually， and the change in resistivity was significant when the cadmium content was less than 100 mg·kg^-1. Considering the characteristics of dry density， water content and temperature comprehensively， the resistivity evaluation model of cadmium-contaminated laterite was established by the introduction of the volume water content，which had high fitting accuracy（R²=0.939 9）， and the measured resistivity values were in good agreement with the model calculated resistivity values. The average mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error were 4.77% and 0.07，respectively. It could provided a theoretical model for the rapid electrical detection of heavy metal cadmium pollution in laterite areas， and it was beneficial for the quality evaluation of regional laterite cultivated land as a convenient analytical method.

In order to study the influence of reclamation of open-pit coal mine dump on soil physical properties， the dump platform of Heidaigou open-pit mine in Zhungeer Banner， Ordos City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， was as the research object. The difference of physical properties in 0—60 cm soil layer among natural landform （ZR）， unreclaimed dump （WF） and 5-year reclaimed dump （FK） in mining area were analyzed， the effects of reclamation on soil physical properties of dump were studied by variance analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the soil bulk density and gravel content of unreclaimed dumps were significantly higher than those of reclaimed dumps and natural landforms， while the soil moisture content， saturated moisture content and field water holding capacity were lower than those of reclaimed dumps and natural landforms， among which the field water holding capacity was significantly different from those of reclaimed dumps and natural landforms. The correlation analysis and regression equation fitting analysis showed that the gravel content in soil affected soil bulk density and water holding capacity. Reclamation made the soil bulk density and gravel content decrease， and the soil moisture content， saturated water content and field water holding capacity increase. With the increase of soil depth， the soil unit weight， moisture content and saturated moisture content of the dump showed an increasing trend， while the field water holding capacity and gravel content showed a decreasing trend. The comprehensive scores of the 40—60 cm soil of 5-year reclaimed dump， 40—60 cm soil of natural landformand 20—40 cm soil of 5-year reclaimed dump were ranked as 1st， 2nd and 3rd， respectively， which indicated that the reclamation of the dump could improve the soil and optimize the soil texture. The depth of soil improvement by plants could reach 60 cm soil layer in the case of 5 years of reclamation of the dump. Above results provided certain guiding for reclamation work in mining area.

Sod culture plays an important role in improving orchard environment， soil ecology， and fruit physiology， however， the effects of orchard green manure on fruit yield and quality， and soil parameters are still not clear. By collecting 669 sets of data， the effects of grassing on fruit yield and its influencing factors， and the response of fruit quality， disease incidence， soil physicochemical properties and microbial diversity to sod culture were studied by Meta analysis. The results showed that grass growing significantly increased fruit yield （11.9%）， for the orchard located in the area where the yearly average temperature lower than 10 ℃， or the soil pH higher than 7， or the soil available P content lower than 5 mg·kg^-1 or higher than 40 mg·kg^-1， or the soil available K content higher than 100 mg·kg^-1， grass growing had no significant effects on fruit yield. Grass kinds， available K content and orchard type were the major factors impacting the yield response， which accounting for 17.4%， 9.8% and 9.7% of the relative influence， respectively. In addition， fruit quality was improved and the incidence rate was reduced by grass growing. Orchards grassing system also led to an increase in soil organic matter and nutrients content. In 0-20 cm depth， soil water content， soil porosity， key enzyme activities， soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content， the number of bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes， and the microbial Shannon index and richness were also increased significantly. Therefore， due to its significant positive role in improving the productivity of orchard-soil system， sod culture in orchard is one of the effective measures to achieve the green sustainable development of orchard in the future.

In order to clarify the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the yield， quality and soil fertility of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape， 4 treatments were set in 2019—2020， including traditional water-fertilization （CK）， optimized water and fertilizer management （Opt）， and nitrogen fertilizer in the optimized water and fertilizer management replaced by bio-organic fertilizer with 20% （B1） and 40% （B2）， respecteively. The nutrition content in soil and yield， quality of grape under different treatments were compared. The results showed that optimized water and fertilizer management and using bio-organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer could improve soil physicochemical property， enhance soil fertility and promote the growth of grape. B1 treatment could significantly increase the economic profits of vineyards， and the average income in 2019 and 2020 increased by 33.59% compared with CK. B2 treatment could improve soil fertility better. Compared with CK， the pH and nitrate nitrogen content of B2 in 0—40 cm soil layer at maturity stage decreased， while organic matter increased significantly. Compared with Opt treatment， the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium of B2 in 0—40 cm soil layer at maturity stage significantly increased by 109.90% and 32.20%， respectively. Therefore， using bio-organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer was an effective approach to achieve efficient， safe and sustainable production of orchards.

In order to clarify the effect of biochar fertilizer on tobacco root knot nematode disease and rhizosphere soil， a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different amounts of biochar fertilizer on rhizosphere soil of tobacco plant with root knot nematode disease. The results showed that the disease index of tobacco root knot nematode disease could significantly reduced by applying enzyme biocarbon fertilizer in the mixed pond when the amount of conventional fertilization was reduced by 10%. When 350 g·plant^-1 enzyme biocarbon fertilizer was applied in the mixed pond， the control effect of tobacco root knot nematode disease was better， reaching 23.98%， the agronomic characters of tobacco plants were better， the activities of catalase， urease and phosphatase in rhizosphere soil were higher， the contents of phenolic acid in rhizosphere soil decreased， and allelopathy and autotoxicity weakened. The number of soil fungi in each treatment increased first and then decreased with the advance of growth period. When 350 g·plant^-1 enzyme biocarbon fertilizer was applied， the bacterial number in the rhizosphere soil decreased gradually with the growth period. The number of fungi in the soil at each growth stage was high， the number of bacteria was low， and the value of fungi/bacteria was high. Above results indicated that， in tobacco planting， 10% reduction in fertilization and 350 g·plant^-1 application of enzyme biocarbon fertilizer in the pond could increase the number of fungi in the soil， reduce the number of bacteria in the soil， significantly improve soil fertility and enzyme activity， which provided scientific basis for biocarbon fertilizer to regulate the rhizosphere microecology of susceptible root knot nematodes.

China has abundant soybean-nodulating rhizobia germplasm resources， but its application progress is slow， which inoculation area is only 1%~3% of the total soybean planting area in the country. The main reason for the situation is that rhizobia cannot produce spores and have poor stress resistance， resulting in short product shelf life and unstable application effects. In order to diversify， functionalize and differentiate rhizobia products and improve product activity and application effects， a directed micro-ecology （DME） system was used to optimize the culture and successfully achieved the directing cultivation as well as application evaluation of rhizobia and bacillus strains. The optimal culture medium for rhizobia （25.5 mL·L^-1 molasses solution， 15.2 g·L^-1 yeast extract， pH 6.98） was obtained through single-factor experiment of culture medium and response surface method. The medium formulation was applied in DME incubator at proper ventilation volume and incubation time， which made 1 strain of rhizobia （100 L·min^-1， 20 h） and 3 strains of bacillus （150 L·min^-1， 14 h） to achieve more than 50-folds amplification of microbial quantities to reach （20~50）×10⁸ CFU·mL^-1， and the rate of miscellaneous microorganism contamination was controlled below 5%. Pot experiments showed that the treatments of DME incubating strains were significantly better than the similar treatments of conventional cultured strains in the laboratory， which indicated that the DME incubator could better realize the application performances of functional microorganisms. The combination of rhizobia and bacillus could assist the rhizobia to better deliver its symbiotic function， which was specifically reflected in the increased number of nodules and chlorophyll content in the seedling stage， and the final yield was increased by nearly 20%， compared with single rhizobia strain. The DME system proposed in this study through the control of directed nutrition and growth strategies， allowed the target functional microorganisms to reach application-level yield and purity in a microecological environment containing a variety of microorganisms， achieving the same application performance as pure culture microbial product. It had important significance and application value to promote the industrialization of rhizobia， accelerating the promotion and application of functional strains.

In order to obtain active ingredient sinigrin with high efficiency and high yield from seeds of Thlaspi arvense， the enzymolysis assisted-ultrasonic extraction method was used. The content of sinigrin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Based on the single factor experiment， enzymolysis time， enzymolysis temperature and enzyme addition amount were the key factors， and the yield of sinigrin was taken as the response value. The Design-Expert 11 software was applied and the Both-Behnken Design response surface methodology was used to optimize the enzymolysis assisted ultrasonic extraction process of sinigrin. The yield of sinigrin was compared with that of ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction. The results showed that Agilent HC-C18 column （25 mm×4.6 mm×5 μm）， mobile phase A methanol， mobile phase B 0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution， detection wavelength 215 nm， column temperature 25 ℃， flow rate 1 mL·min^-1， sample size 10 μL， and the same degree elution for 10 min， the separation effect and peak shape were better. Using the screened alkaline protease as enzyme preparation， the optimal extraction conditions were that the enzymolysis temperature was 49 ℃， the enzyme dosage was 2.90%， the enzymolysis time was 18 min， the yield of sinigrin was 2.679 mg·g^-1 under optimal conditions， which was no significant difference with the theoretical value （2.687 mg·g^-1）. The yield of sinigrin was significantly higher than that of ultrasonic extraction （2.036 mg·g^-1） and Soxhlet extraction （1.702 mg·g^-1） （P<0.05）. The enzymolysis assisted-ultrasonic extraction process of sinigrin from T. arvense was simple， energy saving， eco-friendly， high efficiency and high yield， and it could be applied to the production and utilization of sinigrin from T. arvense， which laid a theoretical foundation for the in-depth development of T. arvense.