水稻新型育种技术研究现状与展望

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0490

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一，提高水稻产量、改善品质一直是水稻育种研究的重要目标。育种技术的改进有利于育种效率的提高，随着科学技术的迅猛发展，水稻育种技术也在逐步完善。对分子标记育种、转基因育种、基因编辑育种和分子设计育种等目前水稻育种中广泛使用的育种技术进行了总结，并进一步展望了不同育种方法的发展前景，以期为水稻种业发展奠定基础。

关键词: 水稻, 分子标记育种, 转基因育种, 基因编辑育种, 分子设计育种

Abstract:

Rice is one of the major food crops in China， high yield and grain quality has always been the major goal of rice breeding. The improvement of breeding technology is conducive to enhance breeding efficiency. With the rapid development of plant biotechnology， rice breeding technologies have been also gradually improved. This review summarized several widely used breeding techniques in rice， including molecular marker assisted breeding， transgenic breeding， gene editing-based breeding and molecular design breeding， and discussed the development trend of these breeding techniques， which would provide reference for rice seed industry.

Key words: rice, molecular marker assisted breeding, transgenic breeding, gene editing-based breeding, molecular design breeding

中图分类号:

S511

马小倩, 杨涛, 张全, 张洪亮. 水稻新型育种技术研究现状与展望[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(1): 24-30.

Xiaoqian MA, Tao YANG, Quan ZHANG, Hongliang ZHANG. Development Status and Prospect of Rice New Breeding Technology[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(1): 24-30.

图/表 2

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性状 Trait	基因名称 Gene name	突变体表型 Phenotype of mutant	编辑系统 Editing system	参考文献 Reference
抗性 Resistance	Pita	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［30］
	Pi21	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［30］
	ERF922	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［30］
	bsr-d1	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［31-32］
	EPSPS	抗草甘膦Resistance to glyphosate	CRISPR/Cas9	［33-34］
	ALS	抗除草剂Herbicide resistance	CRISPR/Cas9	［35］
品质 Quality	Wx	糯性提高Glutinous improve	CRISPR/Cas9	［36-37］
	Badh2	香味增加Fragrance increases	CRISPR/Cas9	［38-39］
	SBEIIb	直链淀粉含量升高Amylose content increased	CRISPR/Cas9	［40］
产量 Yield	OsCKX2	大穗Big panicle	TALENs	［28］
	GS3	粒长增加Increase grain length	CRISPR/Cas9	［41］
	IPA1	分蘖增多/减少Tiller increase/decrease	CRISPR/Cas9	［42］
	Gn1a	穗粒数增多Grain number per panicle increase	CRISPR/Cas9	［42］
	DEP1	穗子直立变密Erect and denser	CRISPR/Cas9	［42］
	GS9	粒长增加Grain length increase	CRISPR/Cas9	［43］
抽穗期 Heading stage	Hd2	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［44］
	Hd4	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45］
	Hd5	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45］
	Hd6	开花延迟Flowering delay	CRISPR/Cas9	［46］
	Hd16	开花延迟Flowering delay	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，47］
	Hd17	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，48］
	Hd18	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，49］
	Dth2	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，50］

性状 Trait	基因名称 Gene name	突变体表型 Phenotype of mutant	编辑系统 Editing system	参考文献 Reference
抗性 Resistance	Pita	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［30］
	Pi21	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［30］
	ERF922	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［30］
	bsr-d1	抗稻瘟病Resistance to rice blast	CRISPR/Cas9	［31-32］
	EPSPS	抗草甘膦Resistance to glyphosate	CRISPR/Cas9	［33-34］
	ALS	抗除草剂Herbicide resistance	CRISPR/Cas9	［35］
品质 Quality	Wx	糯性提高Glutinous improve	CRISPR/Cas9	［36-37］
	Badh2	香味增加Fragrance increases	CRISPR/Cas9	［38-39］
	SBEIIb	直链淀粉含量升高Amylose content increased	CRISPR/Cas9	［40］
产量 Yield	OsCKX2	大穗Big panicle	TALENs	［28］
	GS3	粒长增加Increase grain length	CRISPR/Cas9	［41］
	IPA1	分蘖增多/减少Tiller increase/decrease	CRISPR/Cas9	［42］
	Gn1a	穗粒数增多Grain number per panicle increase	CRISPR/Cas9	［42］
	DEP1	穗子直立变密Erect and denser	CRISPR/Cas9	［42］
	GS9	粒长增加Grain length increase	CRISPR/Cas9	［43］
抽穗期 Heading stage	Hd2	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［44］
	Hd4	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45］
	Hd5	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45］
	Hd6	开花延迟Flowering delay	CRISPR/Cas9	［46］
	Hd16	开花延迟Flowering delay	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，47］
	Hd17	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，48］
	Hd18	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，49］
	Dth2	开花提前Flowering in advance	CRISPR/Cas9	［45，50］

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