有机物料还田土壤碳、氮及微生物量动态影响研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0228

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究长期覆膜滴灌条件下不同来源有机物料还田对土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物量碳和氮及微生物熵的影响，在玉米生育期，设置空白（CK）及施加秸秆（MS）、牧草（FG）和羊粪（SM）共4个处理，分析比较不同处理土壤中碳、氮含量的变化。结果表明，在玉米生育期内，物料的施用使土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon，SOC）、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）含量提高了2.78%~19.83%，土壤生物量碳（microbial biomass carbon，MBC）和土壤生物量氮（microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）含量分别提高了6.64%~39.91%和4.05%~112.00%；有机物料的施用导致微生物碳熵（quotient of microbial biomass carbon，qMBC）、微生物氮熵（quotient of microbial biomass nitrogen，qMBN）高于CK，表明物料的添加能提高微生物量在土壤碳氮中的占比；土壤代谢熵随生育期呈现波动性变化。在3种有机物料中，MS处理有利于提高土壤qMBC和qMBN，较好地增加MBC和MBN含量；SM处理qMBC、qMBN值较低，但SOC、TN含量较高。综上所述，物料还田有利于土壤中碳、氮贮存，为当地有机物料还田提供了理论依据。

关键词: 半干旱覆膜滴灌, 微生物量碳, 微生物量氮, 微生物熵

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different sources of organic materials returning to the field under the condition of long-term mulching drip irrigation， 4 treatments were set up including no exogenous material （CK） and maize straw （MS）， forage grass （FG）， sheep manure （SM）. The contents of carbon and nitrogen in soil were determined during the whole growth period of maize. The results indicated that， due to the application of organic materials， the contents of soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） increased by 2.78%~19.83%， and the contents of soil biomass carbon （MBC） and soil biomass nitrogen （MBN） increased by 6.64%~39.91% and 4.05%~112%， respectively. And the quotient of microbial biomass carbon （qMBC） and quotient of microbial biomass nitrogen （qMBN） in organic materials treatments were higher than those in CK treatment， which indicated that the application of organic materials increased the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil. The soil metabolic quotient showed the fluctuating change with the growth of maize. MS treatment improved soil qMBC and qMBN， and increased the contents of MBC and MBN； while SM treatment showed the lower qMBC and qMBN， and the higher contents of SOC and TN. In general， the applying of organic materials return to the field could conducive to the storage of carbon and nitrogen in the soil.

Key words: semi-arid drip irrigation with film mulching, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial quotient

中图分类号:

S156

谷月, 吴景贵. 有机物料还田土壤碳、氮及微生物量动态影响研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(4): 126-133.

Yue GU, Jinggui WU. Study on Dynamic Effects of Organic Materials on Soil Carbon， Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(4): 126-133.

图/表 9

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性状Trait	MS	SM	FG
有机碳 OC/（g·kg^-1）	468.18±53.50	200.67±6.53	379.52±12.26
全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	6.70±0.77	7.08±0.24	18.32±0.62
碳/氮C/N	69.92±0.02	28.34±0.06	20.72±0.04
木质素Lignin/%	5.79±0.66	1.87±0.06	9.29±0.30
纤维素Cellulose/%	41.28±4.72	28.07±0.91	14.79±0.48

性状Trait	MS	SM	FG
有机碳 OC/（g·kg^-1）	468.18±53.50	200.67±6.53	379.52±12.26
全氮TN/（g·kg^-1）	6.70±0.77	7.08±0.24	18.32±0.62
碳/氮C/N	69.92±0.02	28.34±0.06	20.72±0.04
木质素Lignin/%	5.79±0.66	1.87±0.06	9.29±0.30
纤维素Cellulose/%	41.28±4.72	28.07±0.91	14.79±0.48

播种后天数 Days after sowing/d	处理 Treatment	微生物量碳氮比 MBC/MBN	微生物碳熵 qMBC	微生物氮熵 qMBN
30	FG	4.95±0.79 ab	0.50±0.02 a	1.36±0.14 b
	SM	4.53±0.79 ab	0.48±0.07 a	1.39±0.07 b
	MS	3.53±0.45 b	0.51±0.07 a	1.87±0.15 a
	CK	5.94±0.54 a	0.42±0.001 a	0.98±0.13 b
60	FG	3.15±0.50 a	0.54±0.04 a	2.45±0.27 a
	SM	3.26±0.26 a	0.55±0.04 a	2.34±0.00 a
	MS	3.20±0.17 a	0.57±0.07 a	2.48±0.20 a
	CK	7.22±3.16 a	0.51±0.01 a	1.56±0.33 b
90	FG	2.22±0.11 b	0.68±0.05 a	4.28±0.39 b
	SM	2.19±0.23 b	0.62±0.07 a	4.22±0.25 b
	MS	1.93±0.12 b	0.78±0.03 a	5.99±0.88 a
	CK	2.94±0.20 a	0.65±0.03 a	3.30±0.17 b
120	FG	3.22±0.45 a	0.52±0.02 a	2.46±0.31 ab
	SM	3.27±0.06 a	0.51±0.02 a	2.17±0.04 b
	MS	2.86±0.20 a	0.65±0.06 a	3.08±0.25 a
	CK	3.49±0.63 a	0.48±0.07 a	2.05±0.01 b
150	FG	6.01±1.37 a	0.47±0.03a	1.30±0.22 a
	SM	5.20±0.37 a	0.46±0.03 a	1.28±0.14 a
	MS	3.98±0.52 a	0.57±0.05 a	2.00±0.08 a
	CK	6.48±2.20 a	0.47±0.02 a	1.30±0.60 a

播种后天数 Days after sowing/d	处理 Treatment	微生物量碳氮比 MBC/MBN	微生物碳熵 qMBC	微生物氮熵 qMBN
30	FG	4.95±0.79 ab	0.50±0.02 a	1.36±0.14 b
	SM	4.53±0.79 ab	0.48±0.07 a	1.39±0.07 b
	MS	3.53±0.45 b	0.51±0.07 a	1.87±0.15 a
	CK	5.94±0.54 a	0.42±0.001 a	0.98±0.13 b
60	FG	3.15±0.50 a	0.54±0.04 a	2.45±0.27 a
	SM	3.26±0.26 a	0.55±0.04 a	2.34±0.00 a
	MS	3.20±0.17 a	0.57±0.07 a	2.48±0.20 a
	CK	7.22±3.16 a	0.51±0.01 a	1.56±0.33 b
90	FG	2.22±0.11 b	0.68±0.05 a	4.28±0.39 b
	SM	2.19±0.23 b	0.62±0.07 a	4.22±0.25 b
	MS	1.93±0.12 b	0.78±0.03 a	5.99±0.88 a
	CK	2.94±0.20 a	0.65±0.03 a	3.30±0.17 b
120	FG	3.22±0.45 a	0.52±0.02 a	2.46±0.31 ab
	SM	3.27±0.06 a	0.51±0.02 a	2.17±0.04 b
	MS	2.86±0.20 a	0.65±0.06 a	3.08±0.25 a
	CK	3.49±0.63 a	0.48±0.07 a	2.05±0.01 b
150	FG	6.01±1.37 a	0.47±0.03a	1.30±0.22 a
	SM	5.20±0.37 a	0.46±0.03 a	1.28±0.14 a
	MS	3.98±0.52 a	0.57±0.05 a	2.00±0.08 a
	CK	6.48±2.20 a	0.47±0.02 a	1.30±0.60 a

播种后天数Day after sowing/d	处理 Treatment	代谢熵qCO₂
30	MS	1.63±0.63
	FG	1.24±0.08
	SM	1.50±0.41
	CK	1.49±0.03
60	MS	1.52±0.04
	FG	1.53±0.44
	SM	1.42±0.15
	CK	1.61±0.22
90	MS	1.36±0.05
	FG	1.50±0.10
	SM	1.55±0.19
	CK	1.55±0.09
120	MS	1.34±0.24
	FG	1.53±0.11
	SM	1.45±0.25
	CK	1.73±0.31
150	MS	1.80±0.17
	FG	1.78±0.09
	SM	1.55±0.13
	CK	1.62±0.06