沙地鲜食甘薯收获机输送分离装置设计与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对沙地鲜食甘薯机械化收获破皮率高的问题，设计了一种橡胶包裹的一体式输送分离装置。对该装置的关键部件进行设计，以输送分离装置线速度、抖动装置振幅和挖掘深度为试验因素，以甘薯破皮率和损失率为评价指标，采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计进行田间试验和性能测试，并使用Design Expert软件对试验结果进行方差分析、响应面绘制以及参数优化。优化后最佳工作参数组合为：输送分离装置线速度为0.28 m·s^-1、抖动装置振幅为14 mm、挖掘深度为232 mm，预测破皮率为0.851%，损失率为0.678%。验证结果显示，该参数组合下破皮率为0.866%，损失率为0.694%，优化结果与验证结果基本一致，满足沙地鲜食甘薯收获要求。

关键词: 甘薯收获机, 输送分离装置, 沙质土壤, 鲜食甘薯

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of mechanization harvesting high skin breaking rate of fresh-eating sweet potato under sandy soil， this study designed a rubber-wrapped integrated conveying and separating device. The device key components were designed， the quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination design was adopted to conduct field tests and performance analysis with the line speed of the conveying and separating device， the amplitude of the jitter device， and the digging depth as test factors， and the sweet potato skin breaking rate and loss rate as the evaluation indexes， as well as the variance analysis response surface drawing and parameter optimization were carried out by using Design Expert software of the test results. Optimal working parameter combination after optimization： the line speed of the conveying and separating device was 0.28 m·s^-1， the amplitude of the shaking device was 14 mm， the digging depth was 232 mm， forecast the skin breaking rate was 0.851%， the loss rate was 0.678%. According to the verification test get the parameter combination below the skin breaking rate was 0.866% and the loss rate was 0.694%， and the optimization results were basically consistent with the verification results， which met the requirements of fresh-eating sweet potato harvesting in sandy land.

Key words: sweet potato harvester, conveying and separating device, sandy soil, fresh-eating sweet potato

中图分类号:

S225.7+1

郑刚, 许鹏, 陈栋泉, 杨松梅, 吴敏生, 杨然兵. 沙地鲜食甘薯收获机输送分离装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(6): 104-112.

Gang ZHENG, Peng XU, Dongquan CHEN, Songmei YANG, Minsheng WU, Ranbing YANG. Design and Experimentation of Conveying and Separating Device for Fresh-eating Sweet Potato Harvester in Sandy Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(6): 104-112.

图/表 11

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水平 Level	试验因素 Experimental factors
水平 Level	A：线速度 Line speed/（m·s^-1）	B：振幅 Amplitude/mm	C：挖掘深度 Digging depth/mm
1.682	0.40	30	260
1	0.37	26	248
0	0.32	20	230
-1	0.27	14	212
-1.682	0.24	10	200

水平 Level	试验因素 Experimental factors
水平 Level	A：线速度 Line speed/（m·s^-1）	B：振幅 Amplitude/mm	C：挖掘深度 Digging depth/mm
1.682	0.40	30	260
1	0.37	26	248
0	0.32	20	230
-1	0.27	14	212
-1.682	0.24	10	200

序号 Number	试验因素 Experimental factors			B_R：破皮率 Skin breaking rate/%	L_R：损失率 Loss rate/%
序号 Number	A/（m·s^-1）	B/mm	C/mm	B_R：破皮率 Skin breaking rate/%	L_R：损失率 Loss rate/%
1	0.32	20	230	1.07	0.93
2	0.32	20	230	1.12	0.85
3	0.37	14	212	1.47	1.51
4	0.24	20	230	0.97	0.51
5	0.32	20	260	1.63	1.35
6	0.32	20	230	1.10	0.88
7	0.32	30	230	1.82	0.78
8	0.37	14	248	1.34	1.76
9	0.32	20	230	1.09	0.95
10	0.27	14	212	1.24	0.57
11	0.40	20	230	1.58	1.92
12	0.32	20	230	1.14	0.86
13	0.32	20	200	1.78	0.87
14	0.27	14	248	1.05	0.62
15	0.27	26	212	1.54	0.54
16	0.37	26	212	1.85	1.35
17	0.32	10	230	0.89	1.03
18	0.32	20	230	1.06	0.95
19	0.27	26	248	1.51	0.58
20	0.37	26	248	1.96	1.57
21	0.32	20	230	1.15	0.97
22	0.32	20	230	1.05	0.99
23	0.32	20	230	1.08	0.92

序号 Number	试验因素 Experimental factors			B_R：破皮率 Skin breaking rate/%	L_R：损失率 Loss rate/%
序号 Number	A/（m·s^-1）	B/mm	C/mm	B_R：破皮率 Skin breaking rate/%	L_R：损失率 Loss rate/%
1	0.32	20	230	1.07	0.93
2	0.32	20	230	1.12	0.85
3	0.37	14	212	1.47	1.51
4	0.24	20	230	0.97	0.51
5	0.32	20	260	1.63	1.35
6	0.32	20	230	1.10	0.88
7	0.32	30	230	1.82	0.78
8	0.37	14	248	1.34	1.76
9	0.32	20	230	1.09	0.95
10	0.27	14	212	1.24	0.57
11	0.40	20	230	1.58	1.92
12	0.32	20	230	1.14	0.86
13	0.32	20	200	1.78	0.87
14	0.27	14	248	1.05	0.62
15	0.27	26	212	1.54	0.54
16	0.37	26	212	1.85	1.35
17	0.32	10	230	0.89	1.03
18	0.32	20	230	1.06	0.95
19	0.27	26	248	1.51	0.58
20	0.37	26	248	1.96	1.57
21	0.32	20	230	1.15	0.97
22	0.32	20	230	1.05	0.99
23	0.32	20	230	1.08	0.92

来源 Source	B_R：破皮率 Skin breaking rate
来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型 Model	2.250 0	9	0.249 5	122.30	<0.000 1**
A	0.387 9	1	0.387 9	190.12	<0.000 1**
B	0.808 2	1	0.808 2	396.11	<0.000 1**
C	0.017 7	1	0.017 7	8.68	0.011 4*
AB	0.007 2	1	0.007 2	3.53	0.082 9
AC	0.005 0	1	0.005 0	2.45	0.141 5
BC	0.020 0	1	0.020 0	9.80	0.008 0**
A²	0.074 8	1	0.074 8	36.67	<0.000 1**
B²	0.144 8	1	0.144 8	70.96	<0.000 1**
C²	0.766 6	1	0.766 6	375.73	<0.000 1**
残差 Residual	0.026 5	13	0.002 0
失拟项 Lack of fit	0.016 7	5	0.003 3	2.72	0.100 4
误差 Error	0.009 8	8	0.001 2
总和 Total	2.270 0	22