Allelopathic Effects of Organic Acids and Saponins in Ginseng Root Exudates on Pathogenic and Biocontrol Bacteria

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0303

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the allelopathic effects of ginseng root exudates on pathogenic bacteria and biocontrol bacteria of pathogenic bacteria， the allelopathic effects of organic acids （benzoic acid， phthalic acid， adipic acid， succinic acid） and saponins （ginsenoside Rb2， Rd， Rc Rg1， Re） in root exudates of Panaxginseng on these microorganisms were studied in vitro. The results showed that the allelopathic effects of organic acids and saponins on microorganisms were characterized by multiple receptors， low threshold （1 μg·L^-1）， wide concentration range （1 μg·L^-1~1 mg·L^-1）， but no obvious concentration effect. Allelopathy of organic acids and saponins ranged from -132.94% to 31.33%， the promotion effect of these substances on biocontrol bacteria was greater than that on pathogenic bacteria， and the direct inhibitory activity on the growth of some pathogenic bacteria was observed， these metabolites separated from ginseng root exudates showed certain harmful/beneficial effects on pathogenic bacteria and biocontrol bacteria. Ginsenosides Rd and Re had the function of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting biocontrol bacteria， which meant they were the important terpenoid defense substances in root exudates of ginseng.

Key words: continuous cropping obstacle, pathogen, ecological function, preferential effect, rhizosphere microecology

摘要：

采用离体培养法探讨了人参根系分泌物中有机酸类物质（苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、己二酸、丁二酸）及皂苷类物质（人参皂苷Rb2、Rd、Rc、Rg1、Re）对人参主要病原菌及其生防菌的化感作用差异。结果显示，有机酸及皂苷对微生物的化感作用表现出受体多、阈值低（1 μg·L^-1）、作用质量浓度范围大（1 μg·L^-1~1 mg·L^-1），但无明显浓度效应的特点；有机酸及皂苷的化感作用强度介于-132.94%~31.33%，对生防菌的促进作用大于病原菌，对部分病原菌生长具有直接的抑制活性，二者对病原菌与生防菌表现出一定的偏害/偏利作用；人参皂苷Rd、Re具有抑制病原菌、促进生防菌的作用，是人参根系分泌物中重要的萜类防御物质。

关键词: 连作障碍, 病原菌, 生态功能, 偏利作用, 根际微生态

CLC Number:

S476

Li YANG, Li YU, Zhuo SUN, Tongyu ZHANG, Yang ZHANG, Limin YANG. Allelopathic Effects of Organic Acids and Saponins in Ginseng Root Exudates on Pathogenic and Biocontrol Bacteria[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 145-155.

杨莉, 于俐, 孙卓, 张桐毓, 张阳, 杨利民. 人参根系分泌物中有机酸及皂苷对人参病原菌与生防菌的化感差异研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 145-155.

Figures/Tables 6

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病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/ （mg·L^-1）	抑制率±RSD Inhibiting ratio±RSD/%
病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/ （mg·L^-1）	苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	丁二酸 Succinic acid	己二酸 Adipic acid	邻苯二甲酸 Phthalic acid
强壮土赤壳菌 Ilyonectria robusta	0.001	16.52±4.88^*	-2.36±5.33	5.31±2.29^*	30.09±3.15^*
	0.010	1.06±6.51	10.62±0.72^*	4.87±2.23^*	14.38±1.96^*
	0.100	1.55±6.67	9.73±2.66^*	1.42±1.14	11.50±4.85^*
	1.000	-6.42±6.19	7.96±0.04^*	9.38±4.54^**	13.05±2.33^*
	5.000	20.53±4.65^*	-3.10±4.59	29.87±4.05^*	1.55±9.12
	CK	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34
人参核盘菌 Sclerotinia ginseng	0.001	-5.52±4.07	-9.99±3.25^*	-17.25±1.60^*	-0.27±6.67
	0.010	-7.80±4.24^*	-19.70±2.27^*	-17.34±1.79^*	-6.05±2.78
	0.100	-13.05±6.75^*	-21.80±2.27^*	5.85±8.49	-8.15±2.27
	1.000	-14.80±1.21^*	-15.50±1.05^*	2.00±0.61	-10.77±0.61^*
	5.000	-0.27±3.88	3.14±2.33	-19.49±3.69^*	-2.20±2.19
	CK	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16
腐皮镰孢菌 Fusarum solani	0.001	-5.60±2.68	-4.33±2.45	-9.41±3.85^*	-3.82±7.78
	0.010	-8.65±2.89^*	-4.58±0.76	-5.85±1.17^*	7.06±2.89
	0.100	-4.58±3.33	-3.31±3.61	-1.02±6.17	7.12±1.17
	1.000	-0.25±4.84	-2.29±0.02	-3.56±1.59	5.85±5.36
	5.000	-1.02±3.09	-2.29±11.90	0.76±0.77	2.80±4.96
	CK	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53
人参链格孢菌 Alternaria panax	0.001	-5.42±5.87	-4.58±2.64	9.44±5.96^*	1.04±1.79
	0.010	-2.48±3.68	-3.11±6.75	5.08±0.61	0.95±0.61
	0.100	-8.15±1.82^*	-2.69±0.11	4.19±3.98	-1.50±2.97
	1.000	5.87±1.21^*	0.88±3.20	0.46±4.48	-2.55±0.74
	5.000	10.54±6.19^*	0.88±3.53	-1.64±4.29	-1.59±1.01
	CK	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99

病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/ （mg·L^-1）	抑制率±RSD Inhibiting ratio±RSD/%
病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/ （mg·L^-1）	苯甲酸 Benzoic acid	丁二酸 Succinic acid	己二酸 Adipic acid	邻苯二甲酸 Phthalic acid
强壮土赤壳菌 Ilyonectria robusta	0.001	16.52±4.88^*	-2.36±5.33	5.31±2.29^*	30.09±3.15^*
	0.010	1.06±6.51	10.62±0.72^*	4.87±2.23^*	14.38±1.96^*
	0.100	1.55±6.67	9.73±2.66^*	1.42±1.14	11.50±4.85^*
	1.000	-6.42±6.19	7.96±0.04^*	9.38±4.54^**	13.05±2.33^*
	5.000	20.53±4.65^*	-3.10±4.59	29.87±4.05^*	1.55±9.12
	CK	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34
人参核盘菌 Sclerotinia ginseng	0.001	-5.52±4.07	-9.99±3.25^*	-17.25±1.60^*	-0.27±6.67
	0.010	-7.80±4.24^*	-19.70±2.27^*	-17.34±1.79^*	-6.05±2.78
	0.100	-13.05±6.75^*	-21.80±2.27^*	5.85±8.49	-8.15±2.27
	1.000	-14.80±1.21^*	-15.50±1.05^*	2.00±0.61	-10.77±0.61^*
	5.000	-0.27±3.88	3.14±2.33	-19.49±3.69^*	-2.20±2.19
	CK	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16
腐皮镰孢菌 Fusarum solani	0.001	-5.60±2.68	-4.33±2.45	-9.41±3.85^*	-3.82±7.78
	0.010	-8.65±2.89^*	-4.58±0.76	-5.85±1.17^*	7.06±2.89
	0.100	-4.58±3.33	-3.31±3.61	-1.02±6.17	7.12±1.17
	1.000	-0.25±4.84	-2.29±0.02	-3.56±1.59	5.85±5.36
	5.000	-1.02±3.09	-2.29±11.90	0.76±0.77	2.80±4.96
	CK	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53
人参链格孢菌 Alternaria panax	0.001	-5.42±5.87	-4.58±2.64	9.44±5.96^*	1.04±1.79
	0.010	-2.48±3.68	-3.11±6.75	5.08±0.61	0.95±0.61
	0.100	-8.15±1.82^*	-2.69±0.11	4.19±3.98	-1.50±2.97
	1.000	5.87±1.21^*	0.88±3.20	0.46±4.48	-2.55±0.74
	5.000	10.54±6.19^*	0.88±3.53	-1.64±4.29	-1.59±1.01
	CK	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99

病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/（mg·L^-1）	抑制率±RSD Inhibiting ratio±RSD/%
病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/（mg·L^-1）	Rb2	Rc	Rd	Re	Rg1
强壮土赤壳菌 Ilyonectria robusta	0.001	0.00±4.45	19.12±4.83^*	14.82±6.15^*	44.07±3.03^*	6.64±2.34
	0.010	12.39±5.87^*	30.09±5.04^*	19.47±1.53^*	18.23±3.52^*	-2.95±56.06
	0.100	27.08±2.91^*	7.30±3.91^*	30.80±3.42^*	15.75±0.85^*	8.85±4.40^*
	1.000	24.78±4.68^*	7.96±4.57^*	0.00±3.38	14.16±1.77^*	31.33±8.46^*
	5.000	13.86±4.09^*	-1.77±5.45	-16.81±2.17^*	23.89±5.06^*	17.70±3.15^*
	CK	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34
人参核盘菌 Sclerotinia ginseng	0.001	-1.32±6.09	-5.26±6.61	-7.07±2.92	-2.90±3.74	-22.85±2.78^*
	0.010	-6.05±1.58^*	-3.73±8.55	-8.50±7.60	-12.09±1.99^*	13.64±0.53^*
	0.100	-9.55±0.61^*	-17.60±4.77^*	-8.67±6.09	-18.91±4.95^*	-15.85±0.61^*
	1.000	-3.95±3.09	-11.82±5.18^*	-16.20±1.21^*	-2.71±2.41	-20.75±1.21^*
	5.000	7.86±1.60^*	-22.59±1.32^*	-14.80±7.60^*	-3.42±6.67	-6.31±1.01
	CK	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16
腐皮镰孢菌 Fusarum solani	0.001	1.78±6.49	-1.08±3.08	8.14±7.53	-7.12±4.91	-4.35±1.92
	0.010	-5.85±5.78	-8.65±2.89	4.83±3.92	-0.51±2.2	-7.38±1.92^*
	0.100	-4.83±5.36	-3.82±2.02	-3.56±1.17	0.25±0.88	3.56±3.08
	1.000	-8.91±1.17^*	-1.02±1.17	1.02±4.20	-1.27±3.18	6.62±7.33
	5.000	-5.85±0.88	-3.82±2.75	2.54±5.83	5.09±7.72	0.95±1.59
	CK	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53
人参链格孢菌 Alternaria panax	0.001	-2.06±2.72	-2.55±3.38	-9.83±3.61^*	-0.54±4.06	-8.41±2.33^*
	0.010	-7.73±2.05^*	-3.11±3.67	-2.48±0.33	-1.85±6.47	-1.64±1.73
	0.100	-3.32±7.57	2.14±1.05	-2.27±2.42	-1.59±1.60	-3.74±4.37
	1.000	-1.75±2.72	-6.47±1.60^*	5.50±3.38	1.30±3.98	0.04±2.78
	5.000	-3.32±6.87	-3.95±3.71^*	2.00±3.21	2.00±5.78	2.00±4.24
	CK	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99

病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/（mg·L^-1）	抑制率±RSD Inhibiting ratio±RSD/%
病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	处理 Treatment/（mg·L^-1）	Rb2	Rc	Rd	Re	Rg1
强壮土赤壳菌 Ilyonectria robusta	0.001	0.00±4.45	19.12±4.83^*	14.82±6.15^*	44.07±3.03^*	6.64±2.34
	0.010	12.39±5.87^*	30.09±5.04^*	19.47±1.53^*	18.23±3.52^*	-2.95±56.06
	0.100	27.08±2.91^*	7.30±3.91^*	30.80±3.42^*	15.75±0.85^*	8.85±4.40^*
	1.000	24.78±4.68^*	7.96±4.57^*	0.00±3.38	14.16±1.77^*	31.33±8.46^*
	5.000	13.86±4.09^*	-1.77±5.45	-16.81±2.17^*	23.89±5.06^*	17.70±3.15^*
	CK	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34	0.00±2.34
人参核盘菌 Sclerotinia ginseng	0.001	-1.32±6.09	-5.26±6.61	-7.07±2.92	-2.90±3.74	-22.85±2.78^*
	0.010	-6.05±1.58^*	-3.73±8.55	-8.50±7.60	-12.09±1.99^*	13.64±0.53^*
	0.100	-9.55±0.61^*	-17.60±4.77^*	-8.67±6.09	-18.91±4.95^*	-15.85±0.61^*
	1.000	-3.95±3.09	-11.82±5.18^*	-16.20±1.21^*	-2.71±2.41	-20.75±1.21^*
	5.000	7.86±1.60^*	-22.59±1.32^*	-14.80±7.60^*	-3.42±6.67	-6.31±1.01
	CK	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16	0.00±2.16
腐皮镰孢菌 Fusarum solani	0.001	1.78±6.49	-1.08±3.08	8.14±7.53	-7.12±4.91	-4.35±1.92
	0.010	-5.85±5.78	-8.65±2.89	4.83±3.92	-0.51±2.2	-7.38±1.92^*
	0.100	-4.83±5.36	-3.82±2.02	-3.56±1.17	0.25±0.88	3.56±3.08
	1.000	-8.91±1.17^*	-1.02±1.17	1.02±4.20	-1.27±3.18	6.62±7.33
	5.000	-5.85±0.88	-3.82±2.75	2.54±5.83	5.09±7.72	0.95±1.59
	CK	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53	0.00±1.53
人参链格孢菌 Alternaria panax	0.001	-2.06±2.72	-2.55±3.38	-9.83±3.61^*	-0.54±4.06	-8.41±2.33^*
	0.010	-7.73±2.05^*	-3.11±3.67	-2.48±0.33	-1.85±6.47	-1.64±1.73
	0.100	-3.32±7.57	2.14±1.05	-2.27±2.42	-1.59±1.60	-3.74±4.37
	1.000	-1.75±2.72	-6.47±1.60^*	5.50±3.38	1.30±3.98	0.04±2.78
	5.000	-3.32±6.87	-3.95±3.71^*	2.00±3.21	2.00±5.78	2.00±4.24
	CK	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99	0.00±1.99

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