Abstract: In order to provide the basis for rational application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, the different types of N fertilizers suitable for wheat growth were explored under different types of soils. ‘Yujiao 5’ was as the test material, and the pot experiment was carried out in Linying County of Henan Province during the wheat season of 2017—2018. The five forms of nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea (UR), ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), calcium nitrate (CN) and ammonium chloride (AC), were applied in Chao soil (SC), Yellow cinnamon soil (SH) and Shajiang black soil (SS), respectively. And the accumulation of dry matter and the utilization of N in the leaf, and yield of wheat were analyzed under different treatments. The results showed that the responses of ‘Yujiao 5’ to N fertilizer were different in different types of soils. N fertilizers could be selected according to soil types. In SC, AS and AC were beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter, higher N utilization efficiency and partial productivity, which significantly increased yield of wheat. In SH, the performance of CN treatment was better. In SS, the accumulation of dry matter and yield of wheat were higher in CN and AS treatments. This study identified the different types of nitrogen fertilizers were more suitable for the growth of wheat under different types of soils, which provided  theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and the cultivation mode of high yield in wheat.

Key words: soil type, nitrogen forms, nitrogen utilization, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate

摘要： 为探究不同土壤类型下适合小麦生长的氮肥种类，以‘豫教5号’为供试材料，于2017—2018年在河南省临颍县开展盆栽试验，设置潮土（SC）、黄褐土（SH）、砂姜黑土（SS）三种土壤类型；尿素（UR）、硝酸铵(AN)、硫酸铵(AS)、硝酸钙(CN)、氯化铵（AC）5种氮肥类型，研究不同土壤类型下不同氮肥处理对小麦干物质累积、养分吸收利用和产量的影响。结果表明，小麦‘豫教5号’对氮肥类型的响应与土壤类型有关，应根据土壤类型选择不同的氮源肥料。在潮土条件下，硫酸铵和氯化铵处理有利于小麦干物质累积，显著提高小麦产量及氮肥利用效率和氮肥偏生产力；在黄褐土条件下，硝酸钙处理表现较好；砂姜黑土条件下，硝酸钙和硫酸铵处理的干物质累积量和产量较高。研究结果明确了不同土壤类型下适合小麦生长的氮肥形态，为氮肥的合理施用及小麦的高产栽培模式奠定了理论基础。

关键词: 土壤类型, 氮肥类型, 氮素吸收利用, 硫酸铵, 硝酸钙