Abstract: In order to improve soil fertility and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Liaobei area, field experiment was conducted with different treatments including no nitrogen fertilizer (T1), cow dung + no nitrogen fertilizer (T2), maize straw + no nitrogen fertilizer (T3), conventional nitrogen fertilization (T4), cow dung + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (T5), cow dung + nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (T6), maize straw + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (T7) , maize straw + nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (T8). The effects of different treatments on soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and yield of maize were investigated. The results showed that the addition of straw and cow dung increased soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content. Compared with T4, soil organic matter contents of T5, T6, T7 and T8 were increased by 46.43%, 39.88%, 12.68% and 11.07%, respectively; and their total nitrogen contents were increased by 21.35%, 17.57%, 15.68% and 12.79%, respectively. The corn yields of T5 and T7 were significantly increased than T4 treatment by 6.07% and 3.15%, while there was no significant difference between those of T6, T8 and T4. NUEs of T5, T6 and T8 were increased significantly than T4 by 7.09%, 12.94% and 6.94%. Partial factor productivitis of applied N in T6 and T8 were significantly increased than T4 by 19.03% and 1724%. To sum up, application of maize straw and cow dung improved soil fertility and nitrogen utilization rate of maize thus increased its yield. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction failed to reduce soil fertility and grain yield. Overall, T5 and T6 treatments had the best effects. The present research provided a reliable scientific basis for soil fertilization and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in Liaobei area.

Key words: organic fertilization, soil fertility, maize, nitrogen utilization efficiency, yield

摘要： 为了提高辽北地区土壤肥力水平，提高氮肥利用效率，通过田间试验方法，设置不施氮肥对照（T1）、牛粪+不施氮肥（T2）、秸秆还田+不施氮肥（T3）、常规氮肥（T4）、牛粪+常规氮肥（T5）、牛粪+减氮15%（T6）、秸秆还田+常规氮肥（T7）、秸秆还田+减氮15%（T8）共8个处理，研究不同处理对土壤有机质、全氮、氮肥利用效率及玉米产量的影响。结果表明，添加秸秆和牛粪可以提高土壤有机质和全氮含量。与T4相比，T5、T6、T7和T8处理的土壤有机质含量显著提高46.43%、39.88%、12.68%和11.07%，全氮含量显著提高2135%、17.57%、15.68%和12.79%。T5和T7处理的玉米籽粒产量分别较T4处理显著提高6.07%和3.15%，T6和T8处理与T4处理的籽粒产量间不存在显著差异。T5、T6和T8处理的氮肥表观利用率分别较T4处理显著增加7.09%、12.94%和6.94%；T6和T8处理的氮肥偏生产力较T4处理分别显著提高19.03%和17.24%。综上，施用玉米秸秆和牛粪可以增加土壤肥力，提高氮肥利用率，进而提高产量，而且减氮处理未能降低土壤肥力及籽粒产量。综合来看，T5、T6处理的效果最佳。研究结果可为辽北地区合理土壤培肥及氮肥合理施用提供理论依据。

关键词: 有机培肥, 土壤肥力, 玉米, 氮肥利用率, 产量