Exploring the spatio-temporal evolution of the agricultural sustainable development is helpful to clarify the functions and status of different geographical units in
different periods in the national agricultural sustainable development strategy. In order to reveal the characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution and its dynamic
evolution process, the principal component analysis was used to measure the sustainable development level of agriculture in China from 2007 to 2018. The results were followed: ① Compared with the system indexes, the ecological environment index was slightly higher than the socio-economic index, which belonged to the category of high-quality coordinated development. There was a great difference between the subsystem index of resource utilization and resident requirement, which belonged to the disorder and decline category. ② On the national scale, the comprehensive index of agricultural sustainable development varied greatly between years, with an average value of 0.28, decreasing by 2%·a-1. Taking 2014 as the dividing point, it presented
an M-shaped evolution pattern. It was spatial evolved to the southwest-southeast direction, the moving distance from east to west was greater than that from north to south, and the distribution range was shrinking in the southwest and expanding in the southeast. ③ On the regional scale, the whole partition showed the evolutionary characteristics that the change amplitude gradient decreased with the weakening of sustainable development function. ④ On the provincial scale, the composite index showed the variation trend of attenuation from west to east, with the southwest and northwest provinces polarized, while the middle and eastern provinces had little difference. The present research provided theoretical basis for developing agricultural sustainable development planning, and scientific basis for regional formulation of differentiated agricultural sustainable development strategies.