Loading...

Table of Content

    15 March 2021, Volume 23 Issue 3
    Development Experiences of Agricultural Science and Technology  at Home and Abroad and Enlightenment to China in the Post-Poverty Era  
    LI Shukui, REN Jinzheng*, LI Xiaotao, ZHAO Xin
    2021, 23(3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0116
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1015KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The agricultural science and technology is considered as  important ways to get rid of poverty for farmers and realize regional economic development in some areas. This paper analyzed the outstanding problems in the process of targeted poverty alleviation, such as the imperfect system of poverty alleviation through agricultural science and technology, the low awareness rate and the participation rate of farmers. And then attempted to put forward corresponding suggestions for improve the problems above based on the successful experience at home and abroad: perfect the relevant system design to encourage the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel, encourage various regions to implement differentiated organization and management mode according to local conditions, increase the publicity of poverty alleviation of agricultural science and technology to improve the awareness and participation of farmers. We should give full play of the agricultural science and technology in the post poverty relief era, which would lay the foundation for the consolidation of poverty alleviation quality and the implementation of rural revitalization.
    Evolution in the Spatio-temporal Pattern of Agricultural Sustainable Development Level in China Based on Multi-scales
    WANG Ying1, YU Yanghua2*
    2021, 23(3):  8-17.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0357
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1404KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Exploring the spatio-temporal evolution of the agricultural sustainable development is helpful to clarify the functions and status of different geographical units in
    different periods in the national agricultural sustainable development strategy. In order to reveal the characteristics of spatiotemporal evolution and its dynamic
    evolution process, the principal component analysis was used to measure the sustainable development level of agriculture in China from 2007 to 2018. The results were followed: ① Compared with the system indexes, the ecological environment index was slightly higher than the socio-economic index, which belonged to the category of high-quality coordinated development. There was a great difference between the subsystem index of resource utilization and resident requirement, which belonged to the disorder and decline category. ② On the national scale, the comprehensive index of agricultural sustainable development varied greatly between years, with an average value of 0.28, decreasing by 2%·a-1. Taking 2014 as the dividing point, it presented
    an M-shaped evolution pattern. It was spatial evolved to the southwest-southeast direction, the moving distance from east to west was greater than that from north to south, and the distribution range was shrinking in the southwest and expanding in the southeast. ③ On the regional scale, the whole partition showed the evolutionary characteristics that the change amplitude gradient decreased with the weakening of sustainable development function. ④ On the provincial scale, the composite index showed the variation trend of attenuation from west to east, with the southwest and northwest provinces polarized, while the middle and eastern provinces had little difference. The present research provided theoretical basis for developing agricultural sustainable development planning, and scientific basis for regional formulation of differentiated agricultural sustainable development strategies.
    High-quality Development of Agriculture Based on New Development Concept: Connotation, Problems and Measures
    DU Simeng1, LIU Tao2*
    2021, 23(3):  18-24.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1087
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Scientifically understanding the connotation of high-quality agricultural development and fully grasping the problems and measures of high-quality agricultural development is of great enlightening significance for effectively implementing the national high-quality development strategy. This paper comprehensively interpreted the connotation of high-quality agricultural development from the perspective of new development concepts, and discussed the issues and measures of high-quality agricultural development on this basis. It was concluded that the development of high-quality agriculture was the development of innovation as the first driving force, coordination as the endogenous feature, green as the universal form, openness as the only way, and sharing as the fundamental purpose. From the perspective of the new development concept, Chinas agricultural high-quality development had problems such as insufficient innovation, poor coordination, lack of green concepts, low level of openness, and unfair sharing mechanisms. To promote the process of high-quality agricultural development in China, we should focus on enhancing the innovative vitality of high-quality agricultural development, improving the coordination defects of high-quality agricultural development, deepening the green concept of high-quality agricultural development, improving the open level of high-quality agricultural development, and improving the high-quality agricultural development sharing mechanism.
    Evaluation of Salt and Alkali Tolerance and Germplasm Screening of 283 Wheat Varieties (Lines) During Germination
    LI Yuanyuan1, CHEN Bo2, YAO Lirong2, ZHAI Xueting1, SI Erjing2, WANG Juncheng2, MA Xiaole2, MENG Yaxiong2, WANG Huajun2, LI Baochun1*, YANG Liang1
    2021, 23(3):  25-33.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0203
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (2653KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Salt and alkali stress tests were carried out on 283 wheat germplasm resources at germination stage by using 150 mmol·L-1NaCl and 100 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3/ Na2CO3 mixture (1∶1) solutions to simulate salt and alkali stress, respectively. Saline-alkali tolerance characteristics of wheat germplasm resources were comprehensively analyzed based on 11 trait indexes. The results showed that there were significant differences between the 11 indexes for 283 wheat germplasm resources under salt and alkali stress. Under NaCl stress, the variations of germ length, germ fresh weight and germ dry weight were larger. Under alkali stress, radicle length, radicle fresh weight and radicle dry weight varied greatly. The correlation analysis of membership function values showed that there were different degrees of correlations among the different traits, and there were differences among the traits under saline-alkali stress. Eight traits with large coefficient of variation were selected for principal component analysis, which were summarized into four principal components. The cumulative contribution rates of salt and alkali stress were 76.2% and 83.59%, respectively. After cluster analysis, 283 wheat materials under salt and alkali stress were divided into 3 categories, and 10 saline-alkali resistant materials were selected, which were Baimangmai, f106, Heshangtou, Sifangmai, Zhoubao, Zhongliang22, f78, Youzi, Heshangmai and Ailiduo. The results provided a reference for the cultivation of salt-alkali tolerant wheat during germination and research on the mechanism of saline-alkali stress in wheat.
    Relationship Between Oxalate Content and Thallium Absorption in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Roots Under Thallium Stress
    LIU Fang1, WANG Moyun1, YANG Ruiqi1, YANG Zhaonan1, ZHANG Ping2, YAO Yan1*
    2021, 23(3):  34-40.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0699
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1602KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    As a non-essential, highly toxic heavy metal element, thallium (Tl) interferes with normal development of plants and causes serious toxicity accumulation in food chain. Root secretion of organic acids plays an important role in the resistance against heavy metal pollution. In order to study the relationship between heavy metal absorption and organic acid tolerance mechanisms under Tl stress, the oxalate secretion and Tl distribution under T1 stress were studied by hydroponic method. Oxalate content and Tl absorption and distribution in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were analyzed. With the increase of Tl concentration from 10 to 25 μmol·L-1, the content of oxalate secreted in rice rhizosphere was increased gradually; however, the amount of oxalate secretion was gradually decreased with the prolongation of Tl stress time. Anion channel inhibitors phenylglyoxal (PG) and niflumic acid (NIF) significantly inhibited the excretion of oxalate in roots, and the inhibition of NIF was stronger than that of PG. The roots of rice could accumulate more Tl than leaves, and root cytoplasm was the main location of Tl storage. There was a significant positive correlation between oxalate content in root and Tl content in plant (r=0.923, P<0.01). It was suggested that oxalate in rice roots played an important role in the tolerance to Tl in rice plants.
    Effects of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ on Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Perennial Ryegrass
    ZHANG Mao, XU Yanhong, XI Yi*, PEI Yingjie, HUANG Benyong, YANG Kechao, LI Jinmeng
    2021, 23(3):  41-50.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0752
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1573KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to understand the tolerance of perennial ryegrass to Pb, Zn and Cd and the remediation potential of heavy metal pollution in soil,  sand culture method was used to  study the effects of plumbum (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of perennial ryegrass. Pb2+ treatments with 0 (CK), 500 (Pb500), 1 000 (Pb1 000) and 2 000 mg·kg-1 (Pb2 000) concentrations, Zn2+ treatments with 0 (CK), 500 (Zn500), 1 000 (Zn1 000) and 2 000 mg·kg-1 (Zn2 000)concentrations, Cd 2+ treatments with 0 (CK), 10 (Cd10), 20 (Cd20) and 50 mg·kg-1 (Cd50) concentrations were set up. The morphological characteristics, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activities, membrane lipid peroxidation product content and osmotic adjustment substances contents of perennial ryegrass under different concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+ were determined, and these indexes were comprehensively evaluated by Fuzzy membership function method. The results showed that: ① Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+ stress significantly inhibited the growth of perennial ryegrass, and Pb2 000, Zn2 000 and Cd50 treatments had the most significant inhibition on biomass, tiller number and root growth of perennial ryegrass. ② Under the stress of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+, perennial ryegrass slowed down the damage to plants by increasing osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant enzymes activities of plants. The contents of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were increased first and then decreased with the increase of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+ concentrations. Malondialdehyde and proline contents were increased with the increase of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+ concentrations. With the increase of Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+ concentrations, the soluble sugar contents  of Pb500 and Cd10 treatments were decreased, while that of Zn500 treatment were increased. ③ Perennial ryegrass had certain tolerance to Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd 2+, and the stress resistance of plants in all treatments showed as following: Zn500 > CK > Zn1 000> Cd10> Pb500 > Zn2 000> Cd20 > Pb1 000 > Pb2 000> Cd50. The present research provided theoretical and data support for ecological restoration.
    Identification of microRNAs in Caragana intermedia Kuang by High Throughput Sequencing Under Drought Stress
    SU Yumeng§, ZHANG Xuting§, Terigele, TIAN Min, SHANG Xiaorui, LI Guojing, WANG Ruigang*
    2021, 23(3):  51-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0805
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (4091KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Caragana intermedia Kuang distributes in the arid and semi-arid area, and it could tolerate drought and extreme temperature, so it is used widely in sand fixation, soil and water preservation with high ecology value. microRNAs are one class of noncoding RNA and ubiquitous in plants, and they involves in response to a wide variety of stresses including drought, salinity, chilling temperature etc. In order to identify the drought-responsive miRNA in C. intermedia, this study constructed small RNA library of C. intermedia under drought stress, screened the drought-responsive miRNAs using high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 116 miRNAs were screened, among which 88 conservative miRNAs belonged to 33 known families and 28 novel miRNA were identified. Among the differential expression miRNAs, cin-miR164a, cin-miR164b, cin-miR168a, cin-miR168b in three drought stress treatments were down-
    regulated compared with the control, and cin-novel-3, cin-novel-11, cin-novel-21 at 1 and 3 h after drought stress  were up-regulated compared with the control; cin-novel-26 had a specific expression at 3 h; 28 novel miRNA of C. intermedia were predicted 582 target genes in C. intermedia and 212 target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by psRNATarget database. Most of the target genes responsed to drought stress. These results provided further understanding of miRNA regulation in response to drought stress in C. intermedia.
    Preliminary Study on Seed Vigor of Red Clover Seeds with Different Colors
    LYU Penghui1§, ZHANG Zhendong 1§, WANG Ye1, ZHOU Jihong2, SONG Zhenwei3, DUAN Liusheng1, LI Runzhi1*
    2021, 23(3):  58-65.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0872
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1728KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Seed coats of red clover (Trifolium pretense) with different maturities show different colors. Due to the long flowering period of red clover, the maturity of seeds in the same batch is quite different at harvest time. In order to clarify the relationship between seed maturity and seed vigor, red clover seeds with yellow (YS), yellow-brown (HS), brown (RS) and mixed-color (MS) in the same seed batch were used as experimental materials. Germination tests at room temperature, low temperature and desiccation were carried out to detect germination indexes of different color seeds dectric conductivity and OD value of seed leachate, and comprehensively evaluate the vigor difference of seeds with different colors. The results showed that there were significant differences in germination indexes of red clover seeds with different colors, among which the germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR) and germination index (GI) of yellow seeds were the highest, and the mean germination days (MGD) were the least. At the same time, the dectric conductivity and OD value of yellow seed leachate were the least, and significantly lower than those of other color seeds. Regression and correlation analysis also showed that the dectric conductivity and OD value of red clover seed leachate were closely related to seed vigor. Fuzzy membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate seed vigor of red clover with four colors, which showed the order of seed vigor was YS > RS > MS > HS. The present research provided references for the cleaning and processing of red clover seeds and their timely harvest.
    Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Its Relationship with Senescence-Related Genes in Main Veins of Flue-Cured Tobacco at Different Maturity Stages#br#
    FAN Ningbo1, ZHOU Junxue2, JIANG Kai2, WANG Hong2, SHI Longfei2, GAO Yulong3*, CHEN Yi3*
    2021, 23(3):  66-72.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0835
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1782KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to investigate the law of membrane lipid peroxidation  in the main veins of flue-cured tobacco during maturation, and to clarify the mechanism of aging of main veins, flue-cured tobacco varieties ‘K326’ and ‘Yuyan 6’ were used as experimental materials to determine the content of reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and senescence-related genes (NtCP1, NtCP2) expression, and combined with NBT staining results to reveal the ripening and scenescence mechanism of main veins of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the variation trends of the content of active oxygen and MDA in the main vein were basically  same, all increased with the maturity of tobacco. With the development of maturity, the expression of NtCP1 gradually  increased, and the expression of NtCP2  first increased and then decreased, until it was lower than the unripe stage. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between O2-, H2O2and MDA content was high, and there was a  significanly positive correlation between NtCP1 expression and the content of O2-, H2O2 and MDA, and a negative correlation between the expression of NtCP2 and the content of O2-, H2O2 and MDA. In conclusion, during the maturity of tobacco leaves, the active oxygen substances and MDA in the main vein were gradually accumulated, and the expressions of senescence related genes were also greatly affected. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the membrane lipid peroxidation in the main vein during the maturity of tobacco leaves.
    Role of Xanthine Dehydrogenase in Oxidative Stress Response of Deinococcus radiodurans R1
    CHEN Xiaonan, GAO Lihua, ZHOU Zhengfu, ZHANG Wei, CHEN Ming*
    2021, 23(3):  73-81.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1048
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (3065KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Xanthine dehydrogenase is widely distributed in eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. It is a redox enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of various heterocyclic molecules such as purine, pteridine and aldehydes, and is related to nitrogen assimilation, hormone metabolism, aging regulation and reactive oxygen species generation. Deinococcus radiodurans R1 has strong resistance to oxidative stress and oxygen protection mechanism, and has a complete set of xanthine dehydrogenase coding gene (xdhABC)  in its genome. To explore the function of this enzyme, xdhA deleted mutant strain was constructed. Comparing the sensitivity of mutant strains ΔxdhA and wild type strain to purine metabolism and formaldehyde, determine xdhABC encoding protein of xanthine dehydrogenases. Compared with wild type strain, the viability of ΔxdhA was 2 orders of magnitude lower, and its survivability declined, and led to down-regulation of oxidative resistance genes after following exposure to 60 mmol·L-1  H2O2. The analysis of in vitro enzymatic activity further demonstrated that ΔxdhA mutant strain resulted in a decrease in total antioxidant capacity under shock conditions. Therefore, it was speculated that D. radiodurans R1 xanthine dehydrogenase played an important role in the oxidative stress response.
    Cloning and Expression of Lipase Gene PgLip1 from Pseudomonas guguanensis
    ZHANG Bingyu, SU Xiaoyun*
    2021, 23(3):  82-90.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1069
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1467KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Cyrophilic lipase has important application values in feed, laundry, and organic synthesis. However, the discovered cyrophilic lipases are limited in number and the knowledge about their biodiversity is also restricted. Therefore, it is necessary to mine the natural environment for new cyrophilic lipase genes. To obtain cyrophilic lipases, a lipase gene, namely Pseudomonas guguanensis lipase 1 (PgLip1) was identified and cloned from P. guguanensis by homology search against its genomic sequence. The gene sequence was analyzed  and  the protein was predicted. After expression, PgLip1 was investigated for its optimal substrate, pH and temperature. In addition, the effects of surfactant, denaturing agents, EDTA metal ions and organic solvents on the activity of PgLip1 were also studied. As a result, with a length of 840 bp, PgLip1 was predicted to encode a protein of 279 amino acids, which had 92.6% sequence similarity to a lipase from Pseudomonas mendocina. With an optimal temperature at 10 ℃, PgLip1 had 60.2% relative activity at 0 ℃ and was therefore a cryophilic lipase. With an optimal pH of 8.5, it had more than 62% relative activity at  pH 3.0~12.0. After being treated at 40 ℃ for 45 min, PgLip1 still had 726% residual activity. The best substrate of PgLip1 was p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB). PgLip1 retained higher activity in higher concentrations of certain organics such as isopropanol, isoamyl alcohol and ethyl acetate than in lower concentrations of these reagents. Meanwhile, the surfactants Tween-20, Tween-80, and Triton X-100 could largely stimulate the activity of PgLip1 by 3.2~5.9 folds. Therefore, PgLip1 was a cyrophilic lipase that was stimulated by surfactants and tolerant to high concentrations of certain organics, suggestive of good application potentials in the future.
    Advance on Detection Methods of Nucleic Acid for Toxin-Producing Fungi in Food
    ZHANG Qing1,2, ZHAO Xiaomei2, WANG Ping2, LIU Bing1*, CHEN Ying2*
    2021, 23(3):  91-98.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0920
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    The most common toxin-producing fungi in foods include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., which can cause irreversible damage or even death to human and animal organisms. Detection of toxin-producing fungi can predict its toxin-producing performance in the early stages of toxin formation, and provide technical support for pre-treatment intervention of toxin damage. This paper summarized the conventional PCR methods, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method, DNA fingerprinting method and DNA barcode method for the detection of toxin-producing fungi in food, and prospected the development trend of toxin-producing fungi detection methods in the future.
    Simultanous Determination of Three Fungicides in Vegetables by UPLC-MS/MS#br#
    HUANG Li1,2, DENG Yishu1*, PU Entang2*, DAI Xuefang2, LI Wenxi2
    2021, 23(3):  99-104.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0653
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (2028KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to establish an analytical method for simultaneous detection of dimethomorph, cymoxanil and ametoctradin residues in vegetables, the samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified by octadecylsilane (C18) dispersed solid phase extraction, separated by HSS T3 chromatographic column, gradient eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid water as mobile phase, detected by positive and negative ion segmented scanning and multi-reaction detection mode (MRM), and quantified by matrix matching standard solution external standard method. The results showed that dimethomorph, cymoxanil and ametoctradin had good linear relationships in the range of 0.001~1.000 μg·mL-1, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999. The quantitative limit of the target substance in vegetables was 0.005 mg·kg-1. In sample addition recovery test, the average recovery rates of dimethomorph were 87.3%~105.6%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.5%~11% (n=5). The average recovery rates of cymoxanil were 85.4%~113.4% (n = 5), and the relative standard deviations were 0.5%~10.9% (n=5). The average recovery rates of ametoctradin were 80.9%~108.4%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.8%~10.2% (n=5). The present method was rapid, simple and accurate, and it met the requirements of residue detection of dimethomorph, cymoxanil and ametoctradin in various vegetables.
    Analysis and Evaluation of the Differences in Fruit Quality of Avocado
    LUO Lina1, HAN Shuquan1*, WANG Daigu1, LI Maofu2, MA Weihong3, ZHANG Zhengxue1, LIU Xiaocui1
    2021, 23(3):  105-113.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0785
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1074KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to evaluate the difference of fruit quality of different varieties (lines) of avocado, Fuerte, Guiyan 10, GYL-1, GYL-2 and GYL-3 were used as test materials to determine 12 quality indexes, including single fruit weight, fruit width, fruit length, edible rate, water content, soluble solid content, titratable acid content, soluble protein content, vitamin C content and crude fat content. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to objectively and accurately analyze the differences of avocado fruit quality. The results showed that: ① the quality characteristics of different varieties (lines)  were significantly different, the coefficients of variation were 4.39%~4068%, the variation of crude fat content was the largest, and the variation of water content was the smallest. ② The quality of avocado was GYL-2 > Fuerte > Guiyan 10 > GYL-1 > GYL-4 by membership function value analysis; ③ The principal component analysis showed that the first four main components were extracted and the cumulative contribution rate was 100%. The first principal component was determined by titratable acid content, water content, soluble protein content and soluble solid content. The second principal component was determined by crude fat content, vitamin C content, solid acid ratio and edible rate. The third principal component was determined by fruit shape index and fruit width. And the fourth principal component was determined by vitamin C content. According to the results of cluster analysis, five varieties (lines) of avocado were divided into three groups, among which the fruit quality of group one including GYL-2, Fuerte and Guiyan 10 was better than that of GYL-1 and GYL-4 groups. To sum up, the results of membership function, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were basically the same, that is, the quality of GYL-2 was the best, that of Fuerte was the second, and that of GYL-4 was the worst. The present research revealed the differences of fruit quality among five varieties (lines) of avocado, and established a set of suitable  methods for evaluation of avocado fruit quality, which laid a theoretical foundation for sustainable development of Guizhou avocado industry.
    Effect of Phosphate on Eating Quality and Microstructure of PSE Pork
    LIU Guangjuan, XU Zequan, XING Shijun, CHEN Zheng, ZHU Mingrui, XU Yanli, ZHANG Hongrui, ZHANG Li, WANG Zirong*
    2021, 23(3):  114-121.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0808
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (2716KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to improve the processing characteristics of pale soft exudative (PSE) pork, the effects of sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) and sodium hexametaphosphate  [ (NaPO3)6] on the water retention of PSE pork were investigated. On the basis of single factor experiment, the optimal addition amount was determined by orthogonal array design with cooking loss, centrifugal loss and drip loss as reference indicators. The effect of phosphate on the quality and microstructure of PSE pork was investigated. The results showed that the addition of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate could improve the water retention of PSE pork. The orthogonal test further optimized sodium pyrophosphate 0.20% and sodium tripolyphosphate 0.15%, sodium hexametaphosphate 0.15%; compound use in proportion of (1∶1∶1) and the water retention of PSE pork treated under the conditions was significantly improved (P<0.05), while the pH was improved, the tenderness and color were improved, and the microstructure was more regular and orderly of PSE pork.
    Influences of Wheat Straw Returning on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Direct-Seeding and Transplanting Cotton
    ZHANG Xu1, HE Junfeng1, CHEN Fowen1, LI Jifu1*, WU Qixia1, Tan Jinghong1, ZOU Jialong2
    2021, 23(3):  122-131.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0964
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1706KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to investigate the response of cotton to wheat straw returning and the nitrogen absorption efficiency of cotton from wheat straw, field experiments were carried out in 2018, and 4 treatments were set, including direct-seeding cotton without wheat straw returning (D-S), direct-seeding cotton with wheat straw returning (D+S), transplanting cotton without wheat straw returning (P-S), transplanting cotton with wheat straw returning (P+S). 15N isotope tracer technique was used to study  dry matter content, yield, nitrogen uptake and straw nitrogen (N) uptake of direct-seeding cotton (+D) and transplanting cotton (+P) by wheat straw returning (+S). The results showed that the yield, straw biomass and root biomass of direct-seeding and transplanting cotton were increased by returning wheat straw to the field. Under direct-seeding conditions, the yield and dry weight of cotton leaves, stems, husks and roots of treatment D+S were higher than those in treatment D-S by 7.8%, 3.7%, 4.6%, 3.4% and 14.6%, respectively, and the dry weights of cotton leaves, stems, husks and roots in treatment P+S were higher than those in treatment P-S by 5.9%, 5.2%, 5.6%, 7.4% and 7.9%, respectively. Judging from the biomass and yield of cotton, all treatments were as following: P+S>P-S>D+S>D-S. In the harvest period, the root coefficient, number of fruit branches, number of leaves, leaf SPAD, number of bolls per plant and weight of single boll of direct seeding and transplanting cotton in straw returning treatments were significantly higher than those in treatments without straw returning, while there were no significant differences in plant height, root thickness and lint percentage between treatments. Compared with D-S treatment, nitrogen uptake contents of cotton plants in treatments D+S, P-S and P+S were increased by 14.4, 34.6 and 51.1 kg·hm-2, the increasing rates were up to 9.0%, 21.8% and 32.2%, respectively. Apparent method and 15N tracer method showed that the average recovery rate of straw-N in cotton season was 22.3% and 11.5%, respectively, and the N utilization rate of transplanted cotton was higher than that of direct-seeding cotton, where most of the wheat straw N was remained in  soil during cotton season. Therefore, in the wheat-cotton rotation area of the Yangtze River Basin, active application of straw returning technology could increase the yield and N uptake of direct-seeding and transplanting cotton, reduce the application of chemical N fertilizer, thus improve the recycling efficiency of straw-N. The present research could provide reference basis for the utilization of crop straw resources and scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer reduction in cotton season.
    Effects of Organic Fertilization on Soil Fertility, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Maize
    WANG Xiujuan, XIE Zhanjun, HAN Yingzuo, LOU Chunrong, DONG Huan, HE Zhigang
    2021, 23(3):  132-138.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0919
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1059KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to improve soil fertility and nitrogen utilization efficiency in Liaobei area, field experiment was conducted with different treatments including no nitrogen fertilizer (T1), cow dung + no nitrogen fertilizer (T2), maize straw + no nitrogen fertilizer (T3), conventional nitrogen fertilization (T4), cow dung + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (T5), cow dung + nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (T6), maize straw + conventional nitrogen fertilizer (T7) , maize straw + nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (T8). The effects of different treatments on soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and yield of maize were investigated. The results showed that the addition of straw and cow dung increased soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content. Compared with T4, soil organic matter contents of T5, T6, T7 and T8 were increased by 46.43%, 39.88%, 12.68% and 11.07%, respectively; and their total nitrogen contents were increased by 21.35%, 17.57%, 15.68% and 12.79%, respectively. The corn yields of T5 and T7 were significantly increased than T4 treatment by 6.07% and 3.15%, while there was no significant difference between those of T6, T8 and T4. NUEs of T5, T6 and T8 were increased significantly than T4 by 7.09%, 12.94% and 6.94%. Partial factor productivitis of applied N in T6 and T8 were significantly increased than T4 by 19.03% and 1724%. To sum up, application of maize straw and cow dung improved soil fertility and nitrogen utilization rate of maize thus increased its yield. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction failed to reduce soil fertility and grain yield. Overall, T5 and T6 treatments had the best effects. The present research provided a reliable scientific basis for soil fertilization and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in Liaobei area.
    Impacts of Nitrogen Application Rate and Topping Methods on Nutrient Accumulation, Distribution and Yield of Cotton#br#
    ZHANG Te, KANG Zhenghua, ZHAO Qiang*, NIE Zhiyong, WANG Mifeng, CUI Yannan
    2021, 23(3):  139-147.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0851
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1834KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    This paper used ‘Xinluzao 57’ as material, and studied the effects of different nitrogen application rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg·hm-2) on the nutrient accumulation and distribution of cotton between chemical topping and manual topping. The results showed that: when the nitrogen application rate reached 300 kg·hm-2, the aboveground accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in the chemical topping  still increased slightly, while  decreased in the manual topping. In the chemical topping treatment, the rapid accumulation period of dry matter was 59~109 d after emergence, while was 56~100 d in the artificial topping after emergence. In the late growth stage of cotton (30~60 d after topping), the aboveground dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in chemical topping were higher than that in manual topping  under the same nitrogen application rate. The optimum nitrogen application rate was 300 kg·hm-2, the number of bolls per plant was significantly increased by 0.66~1.66, with an average yield increase of 26.72%.
    Effect of Fertilization on Yield and Quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grape Under Drip Irrigation at the East Foot of Helan Mountain
    KONG Deqian1, HE Zhenjia2*, LIU Quanzu3, WU Yongjie1
    2021, 23(3):  148-155.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0135
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1060KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of wine grapes under drip irrigation, a 6-year-old wine grape ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ was used as test material, and a field test was carried out in Hongsibao District, Wuzhong, Ningxia. Four fertilization treatments with no fertilization (0 kg·hm-2, CK), low fertilization (450 kg·hm-2, F1), medium fertilization (840 kg·hm-2, F2), and high fertilization (1 050 kg·hm-2, F3) were carried out. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, development, yield and quality of wine grapes were investigated. The results showed that fertilization could significantly promote the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, fruit appearance and nutrient content of wine grapes. F2 treatment significantly promoted the new shoot growth. The amount of fertilization could significantly increase chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), while it did not affect the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) significantly. Fertilization treatments could promote the growth of the fruits vertical diameter, but it had no significant effect on the fruits horizontal diameter. The fruit shape index of each treatment ranged from 0.94 to 1.12, and fertilization had an extremely significant effect on color index of grape (CIRG) of fruit. Soluble solids and soluble sugars were the highest in F2 treatment (23.16% and 19.22%, respectively), and titratable acids content was the highest in F3 treatment (0.78%). Under each fertilization treatment, the sugar-acid ratio varied from 26.54 to 31.73, and the maximum sugar-acid ratio in F2 treatment was 31.73. The content of anthocyanins, total phenols and Vc in wine grapes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of fertilizer application amount, and reached the maximum when fertilizer application amount reached 840 kg·hm-2, which were 1.26, 69.22 and 8.65 mg·g-1, respectively. Under the conditions of this test, grape plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency and grape yield under F2 treatment were the highest, which could also significantly increase grape sugar content, reduce fruit titratable acid content, and increase fruit Vc content, conducive to increasing sugar-acid ratio and best fruit quality. The present research provided scientific and technique reference for grape production.
    Characteristics of Soil Animal Communities Under Different Land Use in Gully Area of Loess Plateau
    WANG Jiayuan1, QIN Fucang1*, YANG Zhenqi2, REN Xiaotong1, FANG Fei3, ZHANG Ying4
    2021, 23(3):  156-165.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0564
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1247KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to explore the relationship between soil environmental factors and soil animal communities under different land use patterns in the gully region of Loess Plateau, the characteristics of soil animal communities under five land use patterns of farmland, vegetable field, orchard, woodland and wasteland were investigated from July to September in 2018. A total of 15 141 soil animal individuals belonging to 5 phyla, 11 classes and 22 orders were obtained by hand picking method and dry-wet funnel method. Canonical correlation analysis was used to study the main soil factors affecting soil animals under different land use patterns. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the typical variables of soil factors Ⅰ and Ⅱ and the typical variables of soil animal groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.001). The loads of available phosphorus, available nitrogen and available potassium in the first typical variable U1 were higher, and the loads of Emata, Styommatophora and Hymenoptera in V1 were higher. In the second typical variable U2, the loads of total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content and bulk density were higher; while in V2, the loads of Styommatophora, Collembola and Coleoptera (adult) were higher. The canonical redundancy index analysis was used to test the results of canonical correlation analysis. It was found that the first and second variables of soil physical and chemical properties could explain the changes of 12.90% and 33.64% of the main groups of soil animals, and the first and second typical variables of soil animal groups explained 26.72% and 2584% of soil physical and chemical properties, respectively. The research provided scientific basis for rational development and utilization of land resources, biodiversity conservation and sustainable agricultural development in gully area of Loess Plateau.
    Influences of Mycorrhizal Seedling on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Processing Tomato Under Salt Stress#br#
    GU Huimin1, CHEN Bolang1*, SUN Jin2
    2021, 23(3):  166-177.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0714
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (5633KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to clarify the effects of mycorrhizal seedling on growth and physiological characteristics of processed tomato under different salinity stress, pot experiments were conducted to set up light, moderate and severe salinized soils, mycorrhizal seedling and non-mycorrhizal seedling, with a total of 6 treatment combinations, namely non-mycorrhizal seedling + light salinized (T1), mycorrhizal seedling + light salinized (T2), non-mycorrhizal seedling + moderate salinized (T3), mycorrhizal seedling + moderate salinized (T4), non-mycorrhizal seedling + severe salinized (T5) and mycorrhizal seedling + severe salinized (T6). The growth and physiological characteristics of processed tomato plants during whole growth period under different treatments were investigated. The results showed that salt stress caused obstacles to the growth and dry matter accumulation of processed tomato plants, and mycorrhizal seedling treatment could alleviate the inhibition. Mycorrhizal seedling treatments increased mycorrhizal infection rate and mycorrhizal dependency. The contents of N, P, K in mycorrhizal seedling treatments were basically higher than those in non-mycorrhizal seedling treatments. Compared to T1 treatment, N content of tomato plants in T2 treatment during whole growth period was increased by 5.2%~8.6%. N content in T4 treatment increased by 5.6%~8.8% compared to T3 treatment. N content in T6 treatment was 5.2%~11.9% higher than that in T5 treatment. Change trend of P content was increased firstly and then decreased during whole growth period. P contents in T2, T4 and T6 treatments were increased by 0.6%~24.8% compared to T1, T3 and T5 treatments. From seedling stage to harvest stage, K content in T2 treatment was increased by 10.29 g·kg-1 compared with T1 treatment. Compared with non-mycorrhizal seedling treatments, K+/Na+ in aboveground and underground were increased by 11.1%~39.3% in three mycorrhizal seedling treatments. The yield and quality of processed tomato in mycorrhizal seedling treatments were higher than non-mycorrhizal seedling treatments, and decreased with the deepening of salinization level. The results showed that mycorrhizal seedling could alleviate the inhibition of salt stress on plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of processed tomato, and improve the nutrients absorption of plants, thus improve the yield and quality of processed tomatoes. The present research provided not only technical guidance for salt-tolerant seedling production of processed tomatoes, but also theoretical basis for sustainable development of processed tomatoes in arid areas.
    Effects of Intercropping Grass on Peach Leaf and Fruit Quality in Greenhouse of Southern Xinjiang
    YANG Mengyu1, ZHANG Qi1*, YUAN Zhenyang1, CHEN Jun1, YAN Li2
    2021, 23(3):  178-185.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0847
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (1206KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to study the effect of intercropping grass on the quality and yield of peach leaves and fruits in greenhouse in South Xinjiang, three treatments of intercropping triticale (T1) and trifolium (T2), CK were set up, the fuzzy mathematics membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the quality and yield indexes of peach leaves and fruits, so as to select the best intercropping treatment. The results showed that the intercropping with triticale and trifolium could increase leaf area, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content and leaf chemical content. Compared with CK, T1 and T2 treatments increased leaf thickness by 0.21 and 0.02 mm, total chlorophyll content by 0.27 and 0.10 mg·g-1, total potassium content by 1.40 and 0.26 g·kg-1, respectively. Intercropping grass significantly increased single fruit weight, vitamin C content, soluble sugar content and soluble solid content. Compared with CK treatment, single fruit weights of T1 and T2 treatments were increased by 14.80 and 10.28 g, soluble solid contents of T1 and T2 were increased by 1.63% and 1.26%, respectively. Intercropping grass also increased the fruit setting rate of fruiting branches and the yield per unit area. On the whole, the effect of intercropping grass with triticale on improving of fruit quality and yield was better than that of intercropping with trifolium, which provided theoretical basis for high-quality cultivation and production of greenhouse peach in South Xinjiang.
    Screening of Salt-tolerant and Growth-promoting Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Kalidium foliatum and the Functional Identification in Pot Experiments
    ZHANG Zhidong1, GU Meiying1, TANG Qiyong1, CHU Min1, ZHU Jing1, SUN Jian1, YANG Rong1, XU Wanli2*
    2021, 23(3):  186-192.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0726
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (2267KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    In order to screen the  salt-tolerant and growth-promoting bacteria in the rhizosphere of Kalidium foliatum, and explore its effect on the salt-tolerant and growth-promoting of cotton, this paper collected rhizosphere soil samples from Heshuo County in Xinjiang to screen the salt-tolerant and growth-promoting bacteria, and carried out molecular identification of the strains and analysis of the salt-tolerant and salt-promoting effect of cotton. The results showed that: a total of 57 isolates were obtained and identified which were classified into 12 genera of 4 phyla. Among them, Actinobacteria contained the largest number of bacterial genera, involving 6 genera in total. The second was Proteobacteria, involving three genera. Functional analysis showed that most of strains exhibited characteristics of salt-tolerant and plant growth-promoting. In pot experiments, treatments with bacteria such as R11, T25 and K18, could increase germination percentage of cotton seeds to a certain degree, and obviously enhance the growth rate and root length of plants. In particularly, effects of treatment with strain R11 were marked in which germination rate, plant height and root length of cotton increased by 25%, 135.2% and 46.1%, respectively. In conclusion, there were various salt-tolerant and growth-promoting bacteria in the rhizosphere of Kalidium foliatum, which provided a solid foundation for the further development of salt-tolerant and growth-promoting microbial agents.
    Rhizospheric Microorganisms Diversity Analysis of Opisthopappus sp.
    JING Xiaoya1, SUN Liuqing1, LI Shangyu1, GAO Yanan1, WU Yunfeng2, WANG Yiling1, CHEN Wei1*
    2021, 23(3):  193-200.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0735
    Asbtract ( )   PDF (3109KB) ( )  
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Opisthopappus  has only two species of Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih and Opisthopappus longilobus Shih, which are only distributed in mountainous crevices of high-altitude regions and have a special living environment. In order to analyze the survival mechanism of Opisthopappus plants in special habitat, pH, alkali-N, olsen-P and avail-K contents in rhizosphere soil of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus under wild conditions were detected, and the high-throughput sequencing analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms was carried out. The results showed that the pH of the soil samples was nearly neutral, and the available alkali-N, olsen-P and avail-K contents were low. Miseq sequencing of rhizosphere microorganism showed that Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus, Ascomycota was their dominant fungi.  The rhizosphere bacterial diversity index of O. taihangensis was higher than that of O. longilobus, while the rhizosphere fungal diversity index of O. taihangensis was lower than that of O. longilobus. The richness of nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle and photosynthetic microorganisms in O. taihangensis were higher than those in O. longilobus, while the richness of stress-resistant microorganisms in O. taihangensis was higher than that in O. longilobus. The diversities of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere of O. taihangensis and O. longilobus were significant or extremely significant negative correlated with pH, alkali-N, olsen-P and avail-K of soil. The present research provided an important theoretical basis for the study of ecological adaptation mechanism, scientific protection, development and utilization of Opisthopappus species.