Abstract: Global warming and climate change make hot temperature become one of the main climatic factors limiting rice production in cold regions. Open hexagonal glass house was used to simulate high temperature in daytime in this study, with a tolerant high-yield variety Longdao 21 and a susceptible high-quality variety Longdao 18 as materials, to research the effect of high temperature in different growth stages on rice yield and grain quality in the cold region. The results showed that heating facilities could increase an average daily temperature by 1.2 to 2.6 ℃. High temperature during the whole growth period increased the yield of Longdao 21 and Longdao 18 by 7.4 and 4.5 t·hm^-2, respectively. Yield-increasing was mainly achieved by high biomass, more effective panicles and  greater spikelet’s number per panicle. The yield of Longdao 21 increased 1.2, 3.9, 0.8 and 1.1 t·hm^-2 by high temperature at tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and grain-filling stage, respectively. The yield of Longdao 18 increased 1.5, 2.5 and 1.8 t·hm^-2 by high temperature at jointing stage, heading stage and grain-filling stage, respectively. The yields of Longdao 21 and Longdao 18 decreased 0.2 and 1.2·t hm^-2 by high temperature at the booting stage. High yield was mainly achieved by high biomass, more effective panicles and  greater spikelet number per panicle at tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and grain-filling stage. The yield response of different heat-resistant varieties to high temperature was mainly affected by the seed setting rate. At the same time, it was also found that the temperature increasing had a negative effect on 1 000-grain weight. The brown rice rate and milled rice rate were increased by high temperature at tillering stage and jointing stage, while the brown rice rate and milled rice rate were increased at booting stage, heading stage and grain-filling stage. The chalky kernel and chalkiness increased by high temperature at booting stage, heading stage and grain-filling stage. The effects of high temperature on rice taste value, protein content and amylose content were small. In the future, if high temperature occurs at the early growth stages in cold regions, the harm would be relatively weak, and there would be some beneficial effects. However, if the high temperature occured at the booting stage, heading stage and grain-filling stage, it would be more harmful to the production of high-quality rice in the cold region. The research of high temperature on rice in the late growth stage and breeding high temperature resistant varieties should be further strengthened in the future.

Key words: cold region, rice, high temperature heat damage, growth stage, simulated warming, yield, quality

摘要： 随着全球气候变暖，高温已成为威胁寒地水稻生产的主要气候因素之一。利用六角形开口玻璃房模拟日间增温，并用耐热高产品种龙稻21和热敏感优质品种龙稻18为试验材料，进行了不同生育时期的增温处理试验。结果表明，模拟增温设施能够实现日间平均1.2~2.6 ℃的增温效果。全生育期增温使龙稻21和龙稻18的产量分别提高7.4和4.5 t·hm^-2，增产效应主要是通过增加生物量、有效穗数和每穗颖花数实现的。进一步分析不同生育时期增温对产量的影响发现，分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的增温使龙稻21的产量分别增加1.2、3.9、0.8和1.1 t·hm^-2。拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的增温能使龙稻18的产量分别增加1.5、2.5和1.8 t·hm^-2。孕穗期增温导致龙稻21和龙稻18的产量分别减少0.2和1.2 t·hm^-2。各生育时期增产主要通过增加生物量、有效穗数和每穗颖花数实现。不同耐热品种对增温的响应不同，主要受结实率的影响。同时也发现，增温对千粒重存在负向作用。分蘖期和拔节期增温能够增加糙米率和精米率，而孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期的增温导致糙米率、精米率下降以及垩白米率、垩白度升高。增温对稻米食味值、蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量的影响较小。未来如果高温出现在寒地水稻生育前期危害较弱，而且还有部分有利作用。但如果高温发生在孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期，对寒地优质稻谷的生产危害较大，应进一步加强对寒地水稻生育后期高温的研究和耐高温品种的选育。

关键词: 寒地, 水稻, 生育时期, 模拟增温, 产量, 品质