湘中南农田土壤重金属污染特征及源解析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0691

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 80-87.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0691

• 资源环境生物药物生物质转化 • 上一篇下一篇

湘中南农田土壤重金属污染特征及源解析

段淑辉1,2,周志成2,刘勇军2,肖艳松3,陈鹏峰4,范才银5,陈世宝6*

1.湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙 410128; 2.湖南省烟草科学研究所, 长沙 410010; 3.湖南省郴州市烟草公司, 湖南郴州 423000; 4.湖南省长沙市烟草公司, 长沙 410000; 5.湖南省衡阳市烟草公司, 湖南衡阳 421000; 6.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081

收稿日期:2017-10-12 出版日期:2018-06-15 发布日期:2017-11-18
通讯作者: 陈世宝，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事土壤重金属修复研究。E-mail:chenshibao@caas.cn
作者简介:段淑辉, 农艺师, 硕士, 主要从事土壤保育技术研究。E-mail:285234028@qq.com。
基金资助:
中国烟草总公司湖南省公司科技项目(16-19Aa04)资助。

Distribution and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Central-South of Hunan Province

DUAN Shuhui1,2, ZHOU Zhicheng2, LIU Yongjun2, XIAO Yansong3, CHEN Pengfeng4, FAN Caiyin5, CHEN Shibao6*

1.College of Resource & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128; 2.Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010; 3.Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Hunan Chenzhou 423000; 4.Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000; 5.Hengyang Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Hunan Hengyang 421000; 6.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2017-10-12 Online:2018-06-15 Published:2017-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 湖南省部分农田存在重金属污染现象，不仅影响农作物生长，而且威胁人体健康。为进一步明确土壤重金属分布特征，定量解析污染来源，采集了湖南省重金属潜在风险区内典型水旱轮作区107个土壤样品、13个肥料样品和31个灌溉水样品，测定了其中Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu 4种元素含量，并利用UNMIX模型对农田重金属污染源进行了解析。结果表明：研究区域内表层土壤Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为背景值的5.22倍、4.58倍、1.10倍、1.49倍，其中Cd、Pb富集明显；对比国家土壤重金属二级标准，点位超标率分别为69.16%、5.61%、3.73%和6.54%，可见Cd污染尤为严重。肥料和灌溉水中Cd含量未超过我国有关限量标准。UNMIX解析结果表明，在郴州和衡阳区域，土壤表层Cd污染主要由工业活动（贡献率分别为66.15%和64.88%）引起，Pb污染同时受工业活动（贡献率分别为49.10%和54.28%）和交通运输及自然污染（贡献率分别为43.24%和50.23%）共同影响；在长沙区域，土壤表层Cd污染受农业源影响最大（61.50%），而Pb污染主要与交通运输及自然污染综合源（94.29%）有关。综合3个研究区域，土壤表层Zn、Cu污染物主要来源于施肥和灌溉等农事活动。本研究结论可为湖南省典型水旱轮作区重金属污染防控和治理提供理论基础。

关键词: 土壤, 重金属污染, UNMIX模型, 源解析, 湖南省

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution has been observed in part of the farmland in Hunan province, threatening not only crops growth, but also human health. In order to better understand the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals and quantitatively analyzing the pollution sources, this paper collected 107 soil samples, 13 fertilizer samples and 31 irrigation water samples in potential contaminated areas in Hunan province, tested the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and analyzed the pollution resources of heavy metles by UNMIX model. Results indicated that the average Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in soil surface of the studying areas were 5.22, 4.58, 1.10 and 1.49 times of their background values, respectively. Among them, the Cd and Pb enrichments were obvious. Comparing to the National Standard GradeⅡ, their points exceeding rate were 69.16%, 5.61%, 3.73% and 6.54%, respectively. Visibly the Cd pollution was extremely severe. However, the Cd content in fertilizer and irrigation water was not in excess of relative limit of National Standard. UNMIX analysis revealed that the soil surface Cd contaminations in Chenzhou and Hengyang regions were mostly derived from industrial activities (the contribution rate were 66.15% and 64.88%, respectively), and the soil Pb pollution was jointly caused by industrial activities (49.10% and 54.28%) and transportation and natural pollution (43.24% and 50.23%). In Changsha region, its soil Cd pollution was mostly caused by agricultural activities (61.50%), while the Pb contamination was on accounts of transportation and natural pollution (94.29%). Generally, the soil surface Zn and Cu pollutions were mainly derived from fertilization and irrigation, etc. agricultural activities. These results provided theoretical basis for preventing and controlling soil heavy metal pollution in typical paddy-upland rotation regions of Hunan Province.

Key words: soil, heavy metal pollution, UNMIX Model, source apportionment, Hunan province

段淑辉1,2,周志成2,刘勇军2,肖艳松3,陈鹏峰4,范才银5,陈世宝6*. 湘中南农田土壤重金属污染特征及源解析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(6): 80-87.

DUAN Shuhui1,2, ZHOU Zhicheng2, LIU Yongjun2, XIAO Yansong3, CHEN Pengfeng4, FAN Caiyin5, CHEN Shibao6*. Distribution and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Central-South of Hunan Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, 20(6): 80-87.

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湘中南农田土壤重金属污染特征及源解析

Distribution and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Central-South of Hunan Province

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