留膜留茬免耕栽培对旱地春玉米耗水特性、产量及品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0128

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2018, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (12): 107-114.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0128

• 资源环境生物药物生物质转化 • 上一篇下一篇

留膜留茬免耕栽培对旱地春玉米耗水特性、产量及品质的影响

张建军,马明生,樊廷录,赵刚,党翼,王磊,李尚中

甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2018-03-07 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2018-05-11
作者简介:张建军，副研究员，硕士，主要从事农田土壤地力培育及栽培生理研究。E-mail：hnszhjj@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然基金项目（41561067）；甘肃省自然基金项目（17JR5RA182,18JR3RA255）；农业行业科研专项（201503124）；国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-02-55）资助。

Influence of No-tillage Plastic and Stubble with Residues on Water Consumption Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Dryland Spring Maize

ZHANG Jianjun, MA Mingsheng, FAN Tinglu, ZHAO Gang, DANG Yi, WANG Lei, LI Shangzhong

Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Water Utilization of Dry Land Farming, Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2018-03-07 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过大田试验研究了全膜双垄沟播栽培（T1）、留膜留茬免耕栽培（T2）、露地沟播栽培（T3）、露地不施肥沟播栽培（CK）4种栽培模式对旱地春玉米耗水特征、产量、水分效应及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明：T2较T1、T3、CK播前0~2 m和0~3 m土层分别多贮水26.6 mm、63.3 mm、55.4 mm和27.4 mm、57.8 mm、59.4 mm；0~2 m土层耗水量分别增加了5.2%、17.9%、15.7%，且耗水量随播前底墒增加而增加。T1、T2产量和水分利用效率均与CK差异极显著，而T1、T2间产量和水分利用效率差异均不显著。产量构成中穗粒数及百粒重以T1最高，其次为T2。玉米收获期单株总干物质质量、茎鞘和叶片干物质输出率和贡献率、收获指数均为T1＞T2＞T3＞CK。不同栽培模式籽粒粗蛋白含量极显著高于CK，增幅为23.0%~27.4%，粗脂肪含量均低于CK，降低幅度为11.7%~13.9%。旱地留膜留茬免耕栽培休闲期蓄积的水分能保证特殊降雨年份玉米生长发育对水分的需求，实现旱地春玉米高产优质与水分高效，并在特殊降雨年份起到防灾减灾作用。

关键词: 留膜留茬免耕栽培, 耗水特性, 产量, 品质, 旱地春玉米

Abstract: Through field experiments, this paper explored the effects of four cultivation types on water consumption, yield, water effects, grain quality of spring maize in dry croplands, the four cultivation types were: plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting (T1); no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues (T2); open field fertilization and furrow sowing cultivation (T3); control without fertilization, banding sowing cultivation (CK). The results showed that the water storage in the 0~2 m and 0~3 m soil layers before sowing of T2 increased by 26.6 mm, 63.3 mm, 55.4 mm and 27.4 mm, 57.8 mm, 59.4 mm compared with T1, T3 and CK, respectively; the water consumption in 0~2 m soil layers increased by 5.2%, 17.9% and 15.7%, respectively, and it increased with the increase of basic soil moisture content before sowing. The yield and water use efficiency of T1 and T2 were significantly different from that of CK; however, there were no significant differences in productivity and water use efficiency between T1 and T2. The grains per ear and 100 grain weight of the yield component were highest in treatment T1, followed by T2. The total dry matter, the dry matter output ratio and the contribution ratio of maize stem and leaf and the harvest index were performed as T1>T2>T3>CK. The crude protein content of grains was significantly higher than CK, increasing by 23.0% to 27.4%, and the crude fat content was lower than CK, decreasing by 11.7% to 13.9%. The results showed that film mulching, remaining stubble, no-tillage and direct sowing cultivation type could ensure the water demand of corn growth in special rainfall year through the accumulation of moisture during fallow period in dry croplands, and could achieve high yield and high water use efficiency of spring maize in dry croplands, and could prevent and mitigate climatic disasters in the special rainfall year.

Key words: no-tillage plastic and stubble with residues, water consumption characteristics, yield, quality, dryland spring maize

张建军,马明生,樊廷录,赵刚,党翼,王磊,李尚中 . 留膜留茬免耕栽培对旱地春玉米耗水特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2018, 20(12): 107-114.

ZHANG Jianjun, MA Mingsheng, FAN Tinglu, ZHAO Gang, DANG Yi, WANG Lei, LI Shangzhong . Influence of No-tillage Plastic and Stubble with Residues on Water Consumption Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Dryland Spring Maize[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018, 20(12): 107-114.

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留膜留茬免耕栽培对旱地春玉米耗水特性、产量及品质的影响

Influence of No-tillage Plastic and Stubble with Residues on Water Consumption Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Dryland Spring Maize

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