土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长及水分效率的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0648

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2020, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (11): 153-164.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0648

土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长及水分效率的影响

王转,朱国龙,龙怀玉*,张认连,申哲,曲潇琳,喻科凡

中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2019-08-11 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2019-09-29
通讯作者: 龙怀玉 E-mail：longhuaiyu@caas.cn
作者简介:王转 E-mail：1291820885@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFE0112300）；
863计划项目（2013AA102901）

Effects of Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Maize

WANG Zhuan, ZHU Guolong, LONG Huaiyu*, ZHANG Renlian, SHEN Zhe, QU Xiaolin, YU Kefan

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2019-08-11 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2019-09-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长发育和水分利用效率的影响，在盆栽条件下采用负压灌溉（-5、-10、-15 kPa、）和手工浇灌（artificial irrigation，AI）两种方式分别形成稳定性土壤水分和波动性土壤水分，分析了不同处理对玉米拔节期至成熟期的土壤含水量动态变化及其总耗水量、农艺性状、光合作用、干物质量、水分利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明：①玉米拔节期至成熟期，-5、-10、-15 kPa、AI的平均土壤体积含水量分别为53% FC（field capacity，田间持水量）、47% FC、38% FC、78% FC，负压灌溉处理为弱时间变异的稳定性土壤含水量，AI为中等时间变异的波动性土壤含水量。②与时间变异性中等的78% FC相比，时间变异性弱的53% FC和47% FC的株高、茎粗、叶面积较大，更有利于玉米的生长发育；时间变异性弱的53% FC的玉米叶片SPAD值和净光合速率较高，更有利于玉米的光合作用。③相比变异性中等的78% FC，时间变异性弱的53% FC的玉米干物质量、籽粒干重、生物量水分利用效率和产量水分利用效率分别显著提高了39.0%、1066%、28.8%、87.3%。④在稳定的弱时间变异条件下、38% FC~53% FC范围内，玉米的农艺性状、光合作用、水分利用效率等指标均随含水量的增加而提高。综上所述，平均土壤体积含水量为47% FC~78% FC时，弱时间变异性的土壤水分条件更有利于玉米的生长发育和水分利用效率的提高；相同土壤水分时间变异性条件下、38% FC~53% FC范围内，玉米生长发育和水分利用效率等指标均随含水量的增加而提高。

关键词: 土壤水分时间变异, 负压灌溉, 玉米, 干物质量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: To explore the effects of temporal variation of soil moisture on the growth and water use efficiency(WUE) of maize, the pot experiment was performed by using negative pressure irrigation (-5, -10, -15 kPa) and artificial irrigation (AI) to generate relatively stable or fluctuating soil moisture respectively. The effects of different treatments on soil moisture content and total water consumption, agronomic characters, photosynthesis, dry matter quality and water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: ①the average soil moisture content of -5, -10, -15 kPa and AI was 53% FC (field capacity), 47% FC, 38% FC and 78% FC, respectively, from maize jointing stage to maturity. NPI treatment was stable soil moisture content with weak temporal variation, and AI was the fluctuating soil moisture content with medium temporal variation. ②Compared to 78% FC with medium temporal variation, higher plant height, thicker stem and larger leaf area were observed under 53% FC and 47% FC with weak temporal variation, implying the soil moisture was more conducive to the growth and development of maize. The SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of the 53% FC with weak temporal variation were higher, and the photosynthesis of the maize was more favorable. ③Compared to 78% FC with medium temporal variation, the dry matter quality, dry weight, biomass water use efficiency (WUEB) and yield water use efficiency (WUEY) of maize under 53% FC with weak temporal variation significantly increased by 39.0%, 106.6%, 28.8% and 87.3%, respectively. ④ The agronomic characters, photosynthesis, water use efficiency and other indexes of maize increased with the increase of water content in the range of 38% FC to 53% FC under stable weak temporal variation. In conclusion, when the average soil moisture content was 47% FC to 78% FC, the soil moisture condition with weak temporal variation was more favorable to the growth and development of maize and the improvement of the water use efficiency. Under the condition of the same temporal variation, the growth and water use efficiency of maize in the range of 38% FC to 53% FC increased with the increase of the water content.

Key words: soil moisture temporal variation, negative pressure irrigation, maize, dry matter quality, water use efficiency

王转,朱国龙,龙怀玉*,张认连,申哲,曲潇琳,喻科凡. 土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长及水分效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(11): 153-164.

WANG Zhuan, ZHU Guolong, LONG Huaiyu*, ZHANG Renlian, SHEN Zhe, QU Xiaolin, YU Kefan. Effects of Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Maize[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020, 22(11): 153-164.

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土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长及水分效率的影响

Effects of Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Maize

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