关键词: 花生, 减氮, 增钙, 碳氮代谢酶, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on peanut, pot experiment was carried out, in which the main local cultivars were selected in Huang-huai-hai region in Northern Region and red soil upland region in Southern Region. Peanut cultivar ‘Huayu 25’ was selected as the material in Northern Region, and 6 treatments were set up, including 0 kg·hm^-2 N（T0）, 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N（T1）, 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N+ 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO (T2), 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO (T3), 67.5 kg·hm^-2 N + 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO as base fertilizer+ 45 kg·hm^-2 N at anthesis stage (T4), 67.5 kg·hm^-2 N as base fertilizer + 45 kg·hm^-2 N + 450 kg·hm^-2 CaO at anthesis stage (T5). In Southern Region, Peanut cultivar ‘Xianghua 2008’ was selected as research material, and 4 treatments were set up, including 0 kg·hm^-2 N (S0), 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N (S1), 157.5 kg·hm^-2 N+568 kg·hm^-2 CaO (S2), 112.5 kg·hm^-2 N (S3), 112.5 kg·hm^-2 N+568 kg·hm^-2 CaO(S4). The effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD value, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity, root nodules and yield components of peanut were investigated. The results showed that T4 treatment significantly increased the number and fresh weight of nodules at pod setting stage, increased chlorophyll relative content and dry matter accumulation at late growth stage, promoted the activities of carbon and nitrogen enzymes in leaves, and increased the peanut yield by 4.5%, compared to T1 treatment. Compared with T1 treatment, T2 treatment significantly promoted dry matter accumulation and increased peanut yield by 10.8%. The yield of T4 treatment was increased by 22.8% than T5 treatment. Meanwhile, total dry matter accumulation per plant and yield of S2 treatment were increased by 15.6% and 29.8% than those of S1 treatment, respectively. Compared with S1 treatment, the yield of S4 was increased by 27.7%. It was suggested that the effect of calcium fertilizer on yield increasing was more obvious than that of nitrogen fertilizer reduction, and the effect of calcium fertilizer as base fertilizer was better. Therefore,  calcium fertilizer was an effective measure for increasing peanut yield in peanut producing areas of Huang-huai-hai in Northern China and upland red soil in Southern China. It could be used as an important cultivation method to ensure peanut production stability accompanying the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application.

Key words: peanut, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, increase calcium fertilizer, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes, yield