胡麻/小麦间作与胡麻-小麦轮作对土壤理化特性及胡麻生长的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0553

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (12): 161-171.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0553

胡麻/小麦间作与胡麻-小麦轮作对土壤理化特性及胡麻生长的影响

王立光§,叶春雷§,陈军,李进京,罗俊杰*

甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2020-06-23 接受日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-12-22
通讯作者: 罗俊杰 E-mail: sjsljjie@gsagr.ac.cn
作者简介:§王立光和叶春雷为本文共同第一作者。王立光 E-mail:wodepengyouwlg@163.com；叶春雷E-mail:yclei@gsagr.ac.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省农业科学院博士基金项目（2019GAAS29）；

甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR5RA106)；

财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-2-23)；

国家自然科学基金项目（31660391）；

甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划项目（2018GAAS01）；

甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金项目（2020GAAS43）

Effects of Intercropping and Rotation Between Oil Flax and Wheat on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Growth of Oil Flax

WANG Liguang§, YE Chunlei§, CHEN Jun, LI Jinjing, LUO Junjie*

Biotechnology Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2020-06-23 Accepted:2020-10-16 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究不同种植模式对土壤理化性质和下茬胡麻生长及产量的影响，设置胡麻/小麦间作（CI）、胡麻-小麦轮作（CR）和胡麻连作2年（CC2）3种种植模式，于第二年收获后测定土壤的理化性质、酶活性、微生物群落的变化和土壤水提液综合效应，及第三年的胡麻生长和产量，探寻间作和轮作影响胡麻生长和产量的原因。结果表明，与CC2相比，CI和CR降低土壤pH，使土壤中的氮、磷、钾被作物充分利用；CI显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性，CR显著提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，但对土壤蔗糖酶活性均无显著影响。CI减弱土壤水提液对胡麻种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感自毒作用，而CR土壤水提液的综合化感效应则表现出促进作用。3种种植模式下土壤细菌多样性无显著差异，但CR降低了土壤真菌多样性；且CI和CR的土壤细菌和真菌群落组成发生变化。与CC2相比，CI和CR都有利于下茬胡麻生长，使得单株产量显著提高，从而提高小区产量，且CR增产效果更加显著。由此可见，胡麻与小麦间作或轮作可以改变土壤的理化性质、提升土壤酶活性、降低土壤自毒作用、改变土壤微生物菌群结构组成，有利于下茬胡麻的生长，为胡麻高产栽培模式及区域农业资源的可持续利用提供理论和技术支撑。

关键词: 间作, 轮作, 小麦, 胡麻, 土壤, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of cropping pattern on soil physicochemical properties and growth of oil flax, three cropping patterns were designed including intercropping oil flax/wheat (CI), rotation oil flax-wheat (CR) and oil flax continuous cropping for two years (CC2). The basic physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, diversity analysis and relative abundance of microorganism in the soil were analyzed. The results showed the values of soil pH under CI and CR were lower than that under CC2. CI and CR made crop full use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, which reduced the content of organic material in soil. Compared with CC2, CI could significantly increase activity of catalase, and CR could significantly increase activities of urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase in soil, both of them had no significant effect on activity of sucrase. By synthesis effect of aqueous extracts from soil, CI showed a weak inhibition effect on seed germination and seedling growth, however, CR showed the positive effect. There was no difference in bacterial diversity among three cropping patterns, but CR decreased the diversity of soil fungi, the composition of soil bacteria and fungal communities were changed under CI and CR. Compared with CC2, CI and CR were beneficial to the plant height and the yield of oil flax in the third cropping season by increasing the thousand-seed weight，and the effect of CR on increasing yield was more significant. The results suggested that CI and CR should be beneficial effects on the next crop of oil flax by changing the physical and chemical properties of soil, increasing the activity of some soil enzymes, decreasing the autotoxicity of soil, changing the diversity of soil fungi and the composition of bacterial and fungal community. It provided theoretical and technical support for the high-yield cultivation pattern of oil flax and the sustainable utilization of regional agricultural resources.

Key words: intercropping, crop rotation, wheat, oil flax, soil, yield

王立光§, 叶春雷§, 陈军, 李进京, 罗俊杰. 胡麻/小麦间作与胡麻-小麦轮作对土壤理化特性及胡麻生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(12): 161-171.

WANG Liguang§, YE Chunlei§, CHEN Jun, LI Jinjing, LUO Junjie. Effects of Intercropping and Rotation Between Oil Flax and Wheat on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Growth of Oil Flax[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(12): 161-171.

[1]	黄渝岚§, 龙盛风§, 叶兴枝, 李艳英, 申章佑, 周佳, 周灵芝, 劳承英, 韦本辉. 木薯在湖北恩施的农艺性状及产量品质研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 46-55.
[2]	孙梦遥, 徐岚俊, 李小龙, 李传友, 陈华, 张传帅, 刘婞韬. 不同节水方式对油菜水分利用、分配及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 138-143.
[3]	李生梅, 张大伟, 迪丽拜尔·迪力买买提, 魏鑫, 芮存, 杨涛, 耿世伟, 高文伟. 减量灌溉对转ScALDH21基因棉花农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 152-159.
[4]	李成晨, 索海翠, 罗焕明, 安康, 刘计涛, 王丽, 单建伟, 杨少海, 李小波. 化肥减施和施肥方式对马铃薯产量和块茎氮素积累的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 173-182.
[5]	吴子帅, 李虎, 黄秋要, 陈传华, 罗群昌, 周新明, 吴佳桔, 刘广林. 施氮量和栽插密度对桂育11号产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(8): 154-162.
[6]	翁文安, 程爽, 李绍平, 田晋钰, 陶钰, 胡群, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 邢志鹏, 张洪程. 氮肥一次性基施对不同成穗方式下直播常规粳稻产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(8): 163-172.
[7]	朱利霞, 陈居田, 徐思薇, 陈如冰, 李俐俐. 生物炭施用下土壤微生物量碳氮的动态变化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(8): 193-200.
[8]	蒋赟, 张丽丽, 薛平, 王秀东. 我国小麦产业发展情况及国际经验借鉴[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 1-10.
[9]	李俊杰, 杜蒲芳, 石婷瑞, 侯沛佳, 柴新宇, 赵瑞, 汪妤, 李红霞. 不同基因型小麦苗期耐低氮性评价及筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 21-32.
[10]	坚天才, 康建宏, 吴宏亮, 刘根红, 高娣, 马雪莹, 李鑫. 氮素缓解春小麦花后高温早衰的抗氧化特性研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 33-44.
[11]	胡广发, 全腊珍, 邹运梅, 沈徽, 匡新鹏, 黄从辉. 农田残膜机械回收膜土分离装置设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 82-92.
[12]	周旋, 康兴蓉, 彭建伟, 杨相东, 钟雪梅, 胡文峰, 龙俊佑. 聚氨酯包膜氮肥减施对双季早稻生长、产量及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 153-161.
[13]	罗友谊, 王慰亲, 郑华斌, 刘功义, 巢英, 徐彩, 郑志刚, 李雪倩, 韦银兰, 唐启源. 不同机械有序种植方式对水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 162-171.
[14]	齐欣, 司玉坤, 赵亚南, 黄玉芳, 闫军营, 孙笑梅, 叶优良. 不同氮肥在不同土壤中对小麦氮素利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 172-181.
[15]	于显枫, 张绪成, 缪平贵, 方彦杰, 马一凡, 王红丽, 侯慧芝. 深施肥对立式深旋耕马铃薯水分利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 182-190.

胡麻/小麦间作与胡麻-小麦轮作对土壤理化特性及胡麻生长的影响

Effects of Intercropping and Rotation Between Oil Flax and Wheat on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Growth of Oil Flax

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics