粮食作物生物育种技术全球创新布局与竞争态势研究——基于核心专利数据挖掘的视角

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0518

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 1-14.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0518

• 农业创新论坛 •

粮食作物生物育种技术全球创新布局与竞争态势研究——基于核心专利数据挖掘的视角

崔遵康¹(), 李丹阳²(), 徐小婷³(), 朱俊峰², 武拉平²(), 左文革³()

^1.北京理工大学管理与经济学院, 北京 100081
^2.中国农业大学经济管理学院, 北京 100083
^3.中国农业大学图书馆, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2021-06-24 接受日期:2021-09-22 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-06-06
通讯作者: 武拉平,左文革
作者简介:崔遵康 E-mail：3120185789@bit.edu.cn
李丹阳 E-mail：cauldyang@163.com
徐小婷 E-mail：xuxiaoting0108@163.com第一联系人：李丹阳与徐小婷为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(71973137);农业农村部软科学委员会项目(D201710);粮食公益性行业科研专项(201513004-2)

Research on the Global Innovation Layout and Competition Situation of Food Crop Bio-breeding Technology： Based on the Perspective of Core Patent Data Mining

Zunkang CUI¹(), Danyang LI²(), Xiaoting XU³(), Junfeng ZHU², Laping WU²(), Wenge ZUO³()

^1.School of Management and Economics，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
^2.College of Economics and Management，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100083
^3.China Agricultural University Library，Beijing 100193，China

Received:2021-06-24 Accepted:2021-09-22 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-06-06
Contact: Laping WU,Wenge ZUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“开展种源‘卡脖子’技术攻关，打好种业翻身仗”亟需探明当前粮食作物生物育种技术领域的专利创新布局和竞争态势。依据专利导向的产业竞争情报分析框架，以核心专利数据（不包含中国港澳台地区）为基础，从整体环境、技术布局和机构竞争3个方面剖析了粮食作物生物育种技术领域的全球创新布局及竞争态势。结果表明，领域内技术创新活跃，中国核心专利量位居前列，但与美国相比有很大差距；北美、欧洲和中国是全球主要技术布局地，尤以美国最为集中，中国发明的专利主要布局在国内，全球竞争能力不足；基因组重测序技术、分子标记辅助育种、抗性技术和杂交技术等是领域热点技术；突变或遗传工程、改良基因型的方法是领域内“主导-成熟型”技术，各主要国家和地区均进行了重点布局，我国在“新兴-成长型”技术领域具备相对优势；跨国种子公司的技术和市场竞争覆盖了全球主要国家和地区，技术布局主题广泛，因此，我国亟待培育有国际竞争力的本土创新研发机构。上述结果为政府及科研部门制定该领域技术创新引导政策，以及开展前瞻性研发布局和优化竞争决策提供参考。

关键词: 粮食作物, 生物育种技术, 创新布局, 竞争态势, 核心专利

Abstract:

“To carry out the research of the ‘neck stuck’ technologies in the breeding field， and to make a good turn for the seed industry”， it is urgent to ascertain the current patent innovation layout and competitive situation in the field of food crop bio-breeding technology. According to the patent oriented industrial competitive intelligence analysis framework， based on the core patent data （not dincluding Hongkong， Aomen and Taiwan regions of China）， the global innovation layout and competition situation in the field of food crop bio-breeding technology were analyzed from 3 aspects of the overall environment， technology layout and institutional competition in this paper. The results showed that technological innovation in the field was very active， and the number of core patents in China was in the forefront， but there was still a big gap compared with the United States； North America， Europe and China were the main technology locations in the world， especially the United States. The patents of Chinese inventions were mainly located in China， and the global competitiveness was insufficient. Genome re-sequencing technology， molecular marker assisted breeding， resistance technology and hybridization technology were hot technologies in the field； Mutation or genetic engineering， methods of improving genotypes were “dominant-mature” technologies in the field， and all major countries had carried out special patent layouts in this field. China had a comparative advantage in the field of “emerging-growth” technology. The technology and market competition of multinational seed companies had covered major countries and regions in the world， and the technology layout had a wide range of topics. So our country urgently needed to foster local competitive R & D institutions with international competitiveness. Above results provided reference for the government and scientific research departments to formulate guidance policies for technological innovation in this field， to carry out forward-looking R & D layout and optimize competitive decision-making.

Key words: food crops, bio-breeding technology, innovation layout, competition situation, core patent

中图分类号:

S336

崔遵康, 李丹阳, 徐小婷, 朱俊峰, 武拉平, 左文革. 粮食作物生物育种技术全球创新布局与竞争态势研究——基于核心专利数据挖掘的视角[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(5): 1-14.

Zunkang CUI, Danyang LI, Xiaoting XU, Junfeng ZHU, Laping WU, Wenge ZUO. Research on the Global Innovation Layout and Competition Situation of Food Crop Bio-breeding Technology： Based on the Perspective of Core Patent Data Mining[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(5): 1-14.

图/表 13

参考文献 30

1	王晓君,何亚萍,蒋和平.“十四五”时期的我国粮食安全:形势、问题与对策[J].改革,2020(9):27-39.
	WANG X J, HE Y P, JIANG H P. China's food security during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period: situation, problems and countermeasures [J]. Reform, 2020(9): 27-39.
2	LABORDE D, MARTIN W, SWINNEN J, et al.. COVID-19 risks to global food security [J]. Science, 2020, 369(6503): 500-502.
3	石羚.把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中[N].人民日报,2020-12-04(4).
4	刘红霞,于文静.中央经济工作会议,为何强调解决好种子问题?[N/OL]. (2020-12-19)[2021-06-24]..
5	李菊丹.国际植物新品种保护制度的变革发展与我国应对[J].知识产权,2020(1):59-71.
6	朱俊峰,马鹏飞.我国种业知识产权保护研究综述[J].种子,2019(8):145-149.
	ZHU J F, MA P F. Research review on intellectual property rights protection of Chinese seed industry [J]. Seed, 2019, 38(8): 145-149.
7	郝心宁,孙巍,张学福.1995—2012年生物育种领域知识演化分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2014,16(2):174-181.
	HAO X N, SUN W, ZHANG X F. Analysis of knowledge evolution in biological breeding field from 1995 to 2012 [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Tech., 2014, 16(2): 174-181.
8	沈平,武玉花,梁晋刚,等.转基因作物发展及应用概述[J].中国生物工程杂志,2017,37(1):119-128.
	SHEN P, WU Y H, LIANG J G, et al.. The overview in development and application of genetically modified crops [J]. China Biotech., 2017, 37(1): 119-128.
9	周想春,邢永忠.基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能鉴定及作物育种中的应用[J].遗传,2016,38(3):227-242.
	ZHOU X C, XING Y Z. The application of genome editing in identification of plant gene function and crop breeding [J]. Hereditas, 2016, 38(3): 227-242.
10	齐世杰,赵静娟,郑怀国.2013-2018年全球玉米育种研究发展态势分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2020,22(2):12-21.
	QI S J, ZHAO J J, ZHENG H G. Development trend analysis of global maize breeding research from 2013 to 2018 [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2020, 22(2): 12-21.
11	靳军宝,高峰,古志文,等.基于DII的生物育种专利技术国际态势分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2015,17(4):176-180.
	JIN J B, GAO F, GU Z W, et al.. International patent analysis for biological breeding technique based on DII [J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2015, 17(4): 176-180.
12	许丽,王玥,李祯祺,等.基因组编辑育种技术及国内外发展态势分析[J].生物产业技术,2016(4):46-51.
13	邹婉侬.基于专利数据挖掘的全球生物技术育种技术及产业竞争态势分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2020.
	ZOU W N. Analysis of global biotechnology breeding technology and industrial competition based on patent data mining [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2020.
14	吴菲菲,栾静静,黄鲁成,等.基于专利的玉米生物育种技术景观分析[J].中国生物工程杂志,2015,35(11):114-121.
	WU F F, LUAN J J, HUANG L C, et al.. Technological landscape analysis of corp biology breeding based on patents [J]. China Biotech., 2015, 35(11): 114-121.
15	王友华,蔡晶晶,杨明,等.全球转基因大豆专利信息分析与技术展望[J].中国生物工程杂志,2018,38(2):116-125.
	WANG Y H, CAI J J, YANG M, et al.. Global patent analysis and technology prospect of genetically modified soybean [J]. China Biotech., 2018, 38(2): 116-125.
16	乐思诗,叶鹰.专利计量学的研究现状与发展态势[J]. 图书与情报,2009(6):63-66.
	LE S S, YE Y. The status quo and mission of patentometrics [J]. Library Inform., 2009(6): 63-66.
17	黄立业,赵辉,王坚,等.基于专利分析的产业竞争情报分析框架研究[J].情报科学,2015,33(4):59-63.
	HUANG L Y, ZHAO H, WANG J, et al.. Research on the industrial competitive intelligence analysis framework based on the patent analysis [J]. Inform. Sci., 2015, 33(4): 59-63.
18	GLOBALCPA.国际专利数据库Innography[EB/OL].[2020-12-01]..
19	CHANDRASEQARAN S, CARROLL D. Origins of programmable nucleases for genome engineering [J]. Mol. Biol. J., 2016, 428(5): 963-989.
20	BOEKE J D, CHURCH G, HESSEL A,et al.. The genome project-write [J]. Science, 2016, 353(6295): 126-127.
21	BROOKES G, BARFOOT P. Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996-2016: impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions [J]. GM Crops Food, 2018, 9(11): 109-139.
22	OECD. Science,Technology and Industry Scoreboard [EB/OL].[2009-12-03]. .
23	王友发,罗建强,周献中.基于专利地图的人工智能研究总体格局、技术热点与未来趋势[J].中国科技论坛,2019(10):80-89.
	WANG Y F, LUO J Q, ZHOU X Z. Hotspots and development trend of artificial intelligence technology based on patent map [J]. Forum Sci. Tech. China, 2019(10): 80-89.
24	刘凤朝,傅瑶,孙玉涛.基于专利的美国技术创新领域分布结构演变[J].科学学研究,2013,31(7):1086-1092.
	LIU F C, FU Y, SUN Y T. The distribution structure evolution of the U. S. technological innovation based on the patent output [J]. Stud. Sci. Sci., 2013, 31(7): 1086-1092.
25	刘云,闫哲,程旖婕.基于专利计量的集成电路制造技术创新能力分布研究[J].研究与发展管理,2016,28(3):47-54.
	LIU Y, YAN Z, CEHNG Y J. Technical innovation capability distribution of IC manufacturing based on patentometrics [J]. R D Man., 2016, 28(3): 47-54.
26	张曙,张甫,许惠青,等.基于Innography平台的核心专利挖掘、竞争预警、战略布局研究[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(19):127-133.
	ZHANG S, ZHANG F, XU H Q, et al.. Knowledge mining,competitive warning and strategic layout of core patents based on innography [J]. Library Inf. Service, 2013, 57(19): 127-133.
27	崔遵康,赵星,郜向荣,等.基于专利的禾谷类作物种子技术创新分布结构研究[J]. 中国农业文摘-农业工程,2018,30(2):29-36.
	CUI Z K, ZHAO X, GAO X R, et al.. Research on the distribution structure of cereal crop seed technology innovation based on patent [J]. Chin. Agric. Digest: Agric. Eng., 2018, 30(2): 29-36.
28	马廷灿,李桂菊,姜山,等.专利质量评价指标及其在专利计量中的应用[J].图书情报工作,2012,56(24):89-95, 59.
	MA T C, LI G J, JIANG S, et al.. Patent Quality evaluation indicators and their applications in patentometirics [J]. Library Inform. Service, 2012, 56(24): 89-95, 59.
29	王冰冰.国际种业发展态势[EB/OL].(2019-3-27)[2019-3-28]..
30	崔遵康,李丹阳,左文革,等.我国粮种技术的专利风险评价体系及预警机制构建初探[J].情报工程,2021,7(1):40-54.
	CUI Z K, LI D Y, ZUO W G, et al.. Preliminary study on patent risk evaluation system and early warning mechanism of grain seed technology in China [J]. Tech. Intell. Eng., 2021, 7(1): 40-54.

国家或机构 Country or institution	美国 United States	中国 China	德国 Germany	加拿大 Canada	英国 Britain	澳大利亚 Australia
专利总量 Total number of patents	9 504	929	406	380	243	222
美国 United States	6 388	17	156	302	72	73
世界知识产权组织 WIPO	868	9	81	24	44	45
欧洲专利局 EPO	563	7	64	6	41	37
加拿大 Canada	441	—	30	34	25	23
法国 France	423	7	45	5	21	29
中国 China	383	885	24	—	12	—
德国 Germany	370	5	45	5	12	27
英国 Britain	362	5	39	4	16	27
意大利 Italy	321	4	21	3	11	24

国家或机构 Country or institution	美国 United States	中国 China	德国 Germany	加拿大 Canada	英国 Britain	澳大利亚 Australia
专利总量 Total number of patents	9 504	929	406	380	243	222
美国 United States	6 388	17	156	302	72	73
世界知识产权组织 WIPO	868	9	81	24	44	45
欧洲专利局 EPO	563	7	64	6	41	37
加拿大 Canada	441	—	30	34	25	23
法国 France	423	7	45	5	21	29
中国 China	383	885	24	—	12	—
德国 Germany	370	5	45	5	12	27
英国 Britain	362	5	39	4	16	27
意大利 Italy	321	4	21	3	11	24

IPC	定义 Definition	占比 Proportion/%
A01H5	被子植物 Angiosperms	39.3
C12N15	突变或遗传工程 Mutation or genetic engineering	26.7
A01H1	改良基因型的方法 Processes for modifying genotypes	16.6
C07K14	具有多于20个氨基酸的肽；生长激素释放抑制因子 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids； somatostatin	4.2
C12N9	酶、酶原及其组合物，制备、活化、抑制、分离或纯化酶的方法 Enzymes， proenzymes， compositions thereof， and methods of making， activating， inhibiting， isolating or purifying enzymes	3.9
C12N5	未分化的细胞，如细胞系；组织及其培养或维持 Undifferentiated cells， such as cell lines； tissues and their culture or maintenance	1.9
C12N1	微生物及其组合物；繁殖、维持或保藏微生物或其组合物的方法；制备或分离含有1种微生物组合物的方法 Micro-organisms and their compositions； methods of multiplying， maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof； methods of preparing or isolating compositions containing microorganisms	1.6
C12Q1	包含酶或微生物的测定或检验方法；其组合物及制备方法 Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms； compositions thereof and methods for their preparation	1.6
A01H4	通过组织培养技术的植物再生 Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques	0.8
C07H21	含有两个或多个单核苷酸单元的化合物 Compounds containing two or more single nucleotide units	0.6
C12P7	含氧有机化合物的制备 Preparation of oxygenated organic compounds	0.4
A01N63	杀生物剂、驱虫或引诱剂、植物生长调节剂 Biocides， repellents or attractants， plant growth regulators	0.4
A61K38	含肽的医药配置品 Pharmaceutical preparations containing peptides	0.3

IPC	定义 Definition	占比 Proportion/%
A01H5	被子植物 Angiosperms	39.3
C12N15	突变或遗传工程 Mutation or genetic engineering	26.7
A01H1	改良基因型的方法 Processes for modifying genotypes	16.6
C07K14	具有多于20个氨基酸的肽；生长激素释放抑制因子 Peptides having more than 20 amino acids； somatostatin	4.2
C12N9	酶、酶原及其组合物，制备、活化、抑制、分离或纯化酶的方法 Enzymes， proenzymes， compositions thereof， and methods of making， activating， inhibiting， isolating or purifying enzymes	3.9
C12N5	未分化的细胞，如细胞系；组织及其培养或维持 Undifferentiated cells， such as cell lines； tissues and their culture or maintenance	1.9
C12N1	微生物及其组合物；繁殖、维持或保藏微生物或其组合物的方法；制备或分离含有1种微生物组合物的方法 Micro-organisms and their compositions； methods of multiplying， maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof； methods of preparing or isolating compositions containing microorganisms	1.6
C12Q1	包含酶或微生物的测定或检验方法；其组合物及制备方法 Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms； compositions thereof and methods for their preparation	1.6
A01H4	通过组织培养技术的植物再生 Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques	0.8
C07H21	含有两个或多个单核苷酸单元的化合物 Compounds containing two or more single nucleotide units	0.6
C12P7	含氧有机化合物的制备 Preparation of oxygenated organic compounds	0.4
A01N63	杀生物剂、驱虫或引诱剂、植物生长调节剂 Biocides， repellents or attractants， plant growth regulators	0.4
A61K38	含肽的医药配置品 Pharmaceutical preparations containing peptides	0.3

[1]	刘景辉[1] 王志敏[2] 等. 2030年中国粮食作物结构调整与安全布局研究[J]. , 2002, 4(6): 16-22.
[2]	王洪中. 云南省滇中水浇地一年三熟超高产的研究和开发[J]. , 2000, 2(3): 29-32.

粮食作物生物育种技术全球创新布局与竞争态势研究——基于核心专利数据挖掘的视角

Research on the Global Innovation Layout and Competition Situation of Food Crop Bio-breeding Technology： Based on the Perspective of Core Patent Data Mining

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 30

相关文章 2

编辑推荐

Metrics