沼液施用对青椒生长和土壤性质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0831

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨张家港地区适合青椒种植的沼液施用水平和方式，分别设置浇施或喷施54（T1）、84（T2）、114（T3）、144（T4）、204 m³·hm^-2（T5） 5个沼液施用量，分析青椒产量和品质、土壤pH、有机质和氮磷钾含量等以确定最佳的沼液施用方式和施用量。结果表明，沼液的适量施用可以有效提高青椒的产量和品质，且浇施效果明显好于喷施。浇施114 m³·hm^-2可以充分发挥沼液肥效，相比未施沼液的CK1，青椒产量增加97.74%，Vc和蛋白质含量分别增加32.77%和83.82%，且硝酸盐含量符合我国蔬菜硝酸盐污染程度一级标准。施用沼液显著提高0—20 cm土层的有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量，但有可能加深土壤盐碱化程度。综上所述，沼肥可以代替传统化肥用于青椒的种植生产，采用114 m³·hm^-2的施肥量对青椒种植地进行浇施最利于青椒的生长。研究结果为促进当地沼液利用，解决沼液排放带来的环境污染问题提供科学依据。

关键词: 青椒品质, 青椒产量, 沼液, 土壤性质

Abstract:

In order to explore the application concentration and method of biogas slurry suitable for green pepper planting in Zhangjiagang area， 5 gradient biogas slurry application rates of 54（T1）， 84（T2）， 114（T3）， 144（T4）， 204 m³·hm^-2（T5） were set by irrigating and spraying. The yield and quality of green pepper， soil pH， organic matter and nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium contents were analyzed to determine the optimal application method and amount. The results showed that the proper amount of biogas slurry application could effectively improve the yield and quality of green pepper， and the effect of irrigating was obviously better than that of spraying. When the fertilization amount was 114 m³·hm^-2 and the fertilization method was irrigating， the fertilizer effect of the biogas slurry could be fully exerted. Compared with the control group CK1 without biogas slurry， the yield of green pepper increased by 97.74%， and the Vc and protein contents increased 32.77% and 83.82%， and the nitrate content conformed to our vegetable nitrate pollution level one standard. The application of biogas slurry could also significantly increase the contents of organic matter， total nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium in 0—20 cm soil layer， but it might deepen the degree of soil salinization. Biogas fertilizer could replace traditional chemical fertilizer for green pepper planting and production， and it was most beneficial to the growth of green pepper when using 114 m³·hm^-2 fertilizer to irrigate green pepper planting land， which provided scientific basis for promoting the utilization of local biogas slurry and solving the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of biogas slurry.

Key words: quality of green pepper, green pepper yield, biogas slurry, soil properties

中图分类号:

S156

徐海蓉, 王林, 吴聪敏, 俞元春, 戴成. 沼液施用对青椒生长和土壤性质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(10): 179-188.

Hairong XU, Lin WANG, Congmin WU, Yuanchun YU, Cheng DAI. Effects of Biogas Slurry Application on Green Pepper Growth and Soil Properties[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(10): 179-188.

图/表 10

表1 沼液施用量

Table 1 Application amount of biogas slurry

处理 Treatment	基肥施用量 Amount of base fertilizer/ （m³·hm^-2）	追肥施用量 Amount of top-dressing fertilizer/（m³·hm^-2）	施肥总量 Total fertilization/（m³·hm^-2）
CK1	0	0	0
CK2	24	0	24
T1	24	10	54
T2	24	20	84
T3	24	30	114
T4	24	40	144
T5	24	60	204

图1 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒种植土壤的pH注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；*和***分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式间差异在P<0.05和P<0.001水平显著。

Fig. 1 pH of the soil for planting green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； * and *** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.05 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图2 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒种植土壤的有机质含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；*、**和***分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式间差异在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平显著。

Fig. 2 Organic matter content of the soil for planting green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； *，** and *** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.05，P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图3 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒种植土壤的全氮含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；*、**和***分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式间差异在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平显著。

Fig. 3 Total nitrogen content of the soil for planting green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； *，** and *** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.05，P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图4 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒种植土壤的有效磷含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；*和**分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式间差异在P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著。

Fig. 4 Aavailable phosphorus content of the soil for planting green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； * and ** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively.

图5 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒种植土壤的速效钾含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；**和***分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式间差异在P<0.01和P<0.001水平显著。

Fig. 5 Available potassium content of the soil for planting green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； ** and *** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图6 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒的产量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；*和***分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式差异在P<0.05和P<0.001水平显著。

Fig. 6 Yield of green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； * and *** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.05 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图7 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒的Vc含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著；*、**和***分别表示同一施肥量下不同施肥方式差异在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平显著。

Fig. 7 Vc content of green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level； *，** and *** indicate significant differences between different fertilization methods in same fertilization amount at P<0.05， P<0.01 and P<0.001 levels， respectively.

图8 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒的蛋白质含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 8 Protein content of green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level.

图9 不同施肥方式和施肥量下青椒的硝酸盐含量注：不同小写字母表示同一施肥方式不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 9 Nitrate content of green pepper under different fertilization methods and amountsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same fertilization method at P<0.05 level.

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