石峡口水库人工林土壤体积分形维数及其与入渗的关系

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0842

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究内蒙古清水河县石峡口水库3种典型人工林表层土壤体积分形维数及其与入渗特征的关系，以研究区油松、落叶松、柠条×沙棘混交林土壤为研究对象，草地土壤为对照，采用环刀进行多点取样并测定土壤理化性质及土壤体积分形维数，单环土柱法观测土壤水分入渗，并将土壤体积分形维数与入渗特征进行线性回归分析。结果表明，研究区不同人工林具有显著改善土壤养分、保留土壤细颗粒、降低土壤体积分形维数、提高水分入渗能力的作用，其中土壤体积分形维数表现为草地（2.30）和柠条×沙棘混交林（2.28）>落叶松（2.24）>油松（2.18）；初渗速率、稳渗速率、1 h累计入渗量均表现为油松（11.0 mm·min^-1，1.2 mm·min^-1，116 mm）>落叶松（8.5 mm·min^-1，0.9 mm·min^-1，80 mm）>柠条×沙棘混交林（6.2 mm·min^-1，0.8 mm·min^-1，62 mm）>草地（4.7 mm·min^-1，0.45 mm·min^-1，51 mm）。植被通过自身特征减弱地表径流和风蚀等自然侵蚀来保护土壤细颗粒，提高孔隙结构和质地均匀程度，进而改善入渗能力。在该研究区，土壤体积分形维数可以表征土壤入渗能力，油松林对于石峡口水库的水源涵养能力强。

关键词: 石峡口水库, 人工林, 土壤体积分形维数, 入渗率

Abstract:

To study the soil volume fractal dimension of 3 types at Shixiakou reservoir， Qingshuihe county， Inner Mongolia， the soils of Pinus tabuliformis， Larix gmelinii and Caragana korshinskii ×Hippophae rhamnoides were as materials， and the grassland was as control. The ring knife was used for multi-point sampling， and the soil physical and chemical properties and soil volume fractal dimension were measured. The single ring soil column method was used to observe the soil water infiltration， and the linear regression analysis was carried out between the soil volume fractal dimension and the infiltration characteristics. The results showed that different plantations in the study area could significantly improve soil nutrients， retain soil fine particles， reduce soil volume fractal dimension and improve water infiltration capacity. The soil volume fractal dimension showed grassland （2.30）， Caragana korshinskii × Hippophae rhamnoides （2.28） > Larix gmelinii （2.24）> Pinus tabulaeformis （2.18）. The initial infiltration rate， steady infiltration rate and 1 h cumulative infiltration were as follows： Pinus tabulaeformis （11.0 mm·min^-1， 1.2 mm·min^-1，116 mm） > Larix gmelinii （8.5 mm·min^-1， 0.9 mm·min^-1， 80 mm） > Caragana korshinskii × Hippophae rhamnoides mixed forest （6.2 mm·min^-1， 0.8 mm·min^-1， 62 mm） > grassland （4.7 mm·min^-1， 0.45 mm·min^-1， 51 mm）. Vegetation retained protect soil fine particles by weakening natural erosion such as surface runoff and wind erosion， so as to improve the uniformity of pore structure and texture， and then improve the infiltration capacity. In the study area， soil fractal dimension could characterize soil infiltration capacity， and Pinus tabulaeformis forest had strong water conservation capacity at Shixiakou reservoir.

Key words: Shixiakou reservoir, plantation, soil volume fractal dimension, infiltration rate

中图分类号:

S714.7

江磊, 秦富仓, 李龙, 王露, 赵金洋. 石峡口水库人工林土壤体积分形维数及其与入渗的关系[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 225-233.

Lei JIANG, Fucang QIN, Long LI, Lu WANG, Jinyang ZHAO. Fractal Dimension of Soil Volume of Plantation at Shixiakou Reservoir and Its Relationship with Infiltration[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 225-233.

图/表 9

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人工林类型 Plantation type	林龄 Age/a	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Average height/m	平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height/cm	密度/ （棵·hm^-2） Density/（tree·hm^-2）	海拔 Altitude/m	枯落物平均厚度Average thickness of dead litter/cm
油松 Pinus tabuliformis	14	0.75	5.2	14	900	1 465.6	1.5
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	13	0.72	6.1	15	800	1 472.2	1.2
柠条 Caragana korshinskii	13	0.78	2.0		950	1 448.4	0.5
沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides	13	0.78	2.0		950	1 448.4	0.5
草地 Grassland						1 455.5

人工林类型 Plantation type	林龄 Age/a	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Average height/m	平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height/cm	密度/ （棵·hm^-2） Density/（tree·hm^-2）	海拔 Altitude/m	枯落物平均厚度Average thickness of dead litter/cm
油松 Pinus tabuliformis	14	0.75	5.2	14	900	1 465.6	1.5
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	13	0.72	6.1	15	800	1 472.2	1.2
柠条 Caragana korshinskii	13	0.78	2.0		950	1 448.4	0.5
沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides	13	0.78	2.0		950	1 448.4	0.5
草地 Grassland						1 455.5

人工林类型 Plantation type	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ （g·cm^-3）	土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity/%	自然含水率 Moisture content/%	有效氮 Available nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	速效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）
油松 Pinus tabuliformis	1.28±0.02 c	47.14±2.23 a	5.90±0.30 a	60±28 b	4.25±0.20 a	97±9 a	6.60±1.23 b
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	1.27±0.02 c	45.12±2.08 a	5.10±0.40 a	389±18 a	3.01±0.18 b	114±12 a	14.51±2.58 a
柠条×沙棘Caragana korshinskii ×Hippophae rhamnoides	1.35±0.01 b	42.33±2.11 ab	5.60±0.50 a	367±31 a	1.62±0.14 c	108±11 a	7.36±1.89 b
草地 Grassland	1.40±0.02 a	37.04±1.77 c	4.40±0.20 b	48±15 b	1.36±0.21 c	71±13 b	3.10±1.12 c

人工林类型 Plantation type	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ （g·cm^-3）	土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity/%	自然含水率 Moisture content/%	有效氮 Available nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	速效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）
油松 Pinus tabuliformis	1.28±0.02 c	47.14±2.23 a	5.90±0.30 a	60±28 b	4.25±0.20 a	97±9 a	6.60±1.23 b
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	1.27±0.02 c	45.12±2.08 a	5.10±0.40 a	389±18 a	3.01±0.18 b	114±12 a	14.51±2.58 a
柠条×沙棘Caragana korshinskii ×Hippophae rhamnoides	1.35±0.01 b	42.33±2.11 ab	5.60±0.50 a	367±31 a	1.62±0.14 c	108±11 a	7.36±1.89 b
草地 Grassland	1.40±0.02 a	37.04±1.77 c	4.40±0.20 b	48±15 b	1.36±0.21 c	71±13 b	3.10±1.12 c

粒径分布 PSD	土壤体积分形维数 D_v	土壤理化性质 Soil properties	土壤体积分形维数 D_v
细黏粒Fine clay	0.271	土壤容重Soil bulk density	0.875^**
粗黏粒Coarse clay	0.156	土壤孔隙度Soil porosity	-0.543^*
细粉粒Fine powder	0.935^**	自然含水率Moisture content	0.127
中粉粒Medium powder	0.673^**	有机质Organic matter	0.056
粗粉粒Coarse powder	-0.352^*	有效氮Available nitrogen	0.456^*
细砂粒Fine sand	-0.771^**	速效磷Available phosphorus	-0.763^**
粗砂粒Coarse sand	0.466^*	速效钾Available potassium	0.050
石砾Gravel	0.058