复合螯合剂对籽粒苋修复镉污染农田的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0509

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高籽粒苋对农田土壤重金属富集的提取效率，基于田间原位试验，研究了谷氨酸二乙酸四钠（［N， N］-bis glutamic acid， GLDA）和次氮基三乙酸（nitrilotriacetic acid， NTA）及其组合（GLDA-NTA）对籽粒苋修复轻中度镉（Cd）污染农田土壤的影响。结果表明，施用GLDA、NTA及GLDA-NTA处理对籽粒苋地上部生物量、Cd富集系数与转运系数、地上部Cd提取量及根际土Cd形态分布等影响不一。与不施螯合剂相比，施用螯合剂处理籽粒苋地上部生物量均无显著变化；3种螯合剂处理对籽粒苋Cd富集系数与转运系数及地上部Cd提取量产生了不同程度的影响，其中GLDA-NTA处理效果最为明显，富集系数、转运系数及地上部Cd提取量显著提高40.83%、15.00%及179.67%。此外，施用GLDA、NTA及GLDA-NTA处理对根际土Cd形态分布影响程度不一，其中以GLDA-NTA处理最为明显，水溶态、酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态及残渣态占比变化率分别为3.28%、22.09%、-26.28%、-1.33%及2.24%。因此，复合螯合剂联合籽粒苋植物修复可高效活化重金属，提升植株对农田土壤Cd的提取效率，是一种具有前景性、绿色性及可借鉴性的Cd污染联合修复方法，对轻中度Cd污染农田治理具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。

关键词: 复合螯合剂, 籽粒苋, 土壤修复, 镉污染农田

Abstract:

In order to enhance the enrichment and extraction efficiency of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. for heavy metals in farmland soil， the effects of ［N， N］-bis glutamic acid （GLDA）， nitrilotriacetic acid （NTA） and their combinations （GLDA-NTA） on the remediation of the low to moderate cadmium （Cd） contaminated farmland soil by Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. were studied based on field in situ experiment. The results showed that the application of GLDA， NTA and GLDA-NTA treatments had different influences on the above-ground biomass， Cd bioconcentration and translocation factor， above-ground Cd extract quantity and Cd morphology distribution in rhizosphere soil. Compared with no chelating agent treatment， there were no significant changes in above-ground biomass of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. treated with chelating agents. The 3 kinds of chelating agent treatments had different degrees of influences on Cd bioconcentration and translocation factor， the Cd extract quantity from the above ground， of which the effect of GLDA-NTA treatment was the most obvious， the bioconcentration factor， translocation factor and above-ground Cd extract quantity were significantly increased by 40.83%， 15.00% and 179.67%. In addition， the application of GLDA， NTA and GLDA-NTA treatments had different degrees of influence on the Cd activity of rhizosphere soil， of which GLDA-NTA treatment was the most obvious， the changes in proportion of water-soluble， acid-soluble， reducible， oxidizable and residual state accounted for 3.28%， 22.09%， -26.28%， -1.33% and 2.24%， respectively. Therefore， complex chelating agents combined with plant remediationby Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. could effectively activate heavy metals and improve the plant extraction efficiency of Cd in farmland soil， it was a promising， greenness and reference of combined remediation method for Cd pollution， which had important reference value and guiding significance for the treatment of low to moderate Cd polluted farmland.

Key words: chelating agent combinations, Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., soil remediation, cadmium polluted farmland

中图分类号:

S156

周峻宇, 谷雨, 唐珍琦, 吴海勇, 刘琼峰, 李明德. 复合螯合剂对籽粒苋修复镉污染农田的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(12): 186-194.

Junyu ZHOU, Yu GU, Zhenqi TANG, Haiyong WU, Qiongfeng LIU, Mingde LI. Effect of Compound Chelating Agent on Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Farmland by Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(12): 186-194.

图/表 7

图1 不同螯合剂处理下籽粒苋的地上部生物量注：不同小写字母表示不同螯合剂处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 1 Biomass of aboveground parts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. under different chelating agentsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level between different chelating agents treatments.

表1 不同螯合剂处理下的籽粒苋Cd含量及富集、转运系数

Table 1 Cd content and bioconcentration and translocation factor under different chelating agents

处理Treatment	Cd含量Cd content/（mg·kg^-1）		富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor
处理Treatment	地上部 Aboveground parts	地下部 Underground parts	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor	转运系数 Translocation factor
T1	10.14±1.64 b	7.21±0.26 ab	7.69±1.26 b	1.40±0.21 b
T2	13.20±2.42 ab	8.87±1.18 a	9.35±1.15 ab	1.49±0.17 ab
T3	10.24±3.42 b	6.67±1.39 b	8.41±3.28 ab	1.52±0.30 ab
T4	14.84±1.37 a	9.25±1.20 a	10.83±0.85 a	1.61±0.11 a

图2 不同螯合剂处理下籽粒苋的地上部Cd提取量注：不同小写字母表示不同螯合剂处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Amount of Cd extracted by the aboveground parts of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. under different chelating agentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level between different chelating agents treatments.

图3 不同螯合剂处理下的土壤pH变化注：不同小写字母表示不同螯合剂处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 Changes of soil pH under different chelating agentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level between different chelating agents treatments.

图4 不同螯合剂处理下的土壤总Cd和DTPA-Cd含量

Fig. 4 Content of total Cd and DTPA-Cd in soil under different chelating agents

表2 土壤理化性质与地上部生物量及Cd吸收累积的皮尔逊相关系数

Table 2 Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the soil physical and chemical properties and biomass， Cd uptake and accumulation in aboveground parts

指标 Index	有机质 Organic matter	土壤总镉 Soil total Cd	DTPA-Cd	地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass	地上部镉含量 Aboveground Cd content	地上部镉提取量 Aboveground Cd extraction quantity
pH	0.503^*	0.755^**	0.307	0.567	0.132	0.457
有机质 Organic matter		0.662^**	0.642^**	-0.109	0.120	0.084
土壤总镉 Soil total Cd			0.573^**	0.461	0.457	0.616^*
DTPA-Cd				-0.091	-0.126	-0.101
地上部生物量 Aboveground biomass					0.356	0.832^**
地上部镉含量 Aboveground Cd content						0.796^**

图5 螯合剂处理前后根际土Cd的形态分布

Fig. 5 Morphological distribution of Cd in rhizosphere soil before and after chelating agents application

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