玉米芯颗粒对风沙土毛管水运移和蒸发特性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0640

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 198-207.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0640

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

玉米芯颗粒对风沙土毛管水运移和蒸发特性的影响

丛文成¹^,²(), 袁立敏²^,³(), 蒙仲举¹^,², 杨宇³^,⁴

^1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，呼和浩特 010018
^2.内蒙古自治区林业和草原科技创新中心，呼和浩特 010010
^3.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院，内蒙古自治区沙地（沙漠）生态系统与生态工程重点实验室，呼和浩特 010010
^4.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院，沙地生物资源保护与培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室，呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2022-08-06 接受日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-04
通讯作者: 袁立敏
作者简介:丛文成 E-mail：cwc0429@163.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31760237);中国科学院“西部之光”项目;中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(20200223)

Effects of Corncob on Capillary Water Transport and Evaporation Characteristics of Sandy Soil

Wencheng CONG¹^,²(), Limin YUAN²^,³(), Zhongju MENG¹^,², Yu YANG³^,⁴

^1.Desert Science and Engineering College，Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，Hohhot 010018，China
^2.Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Innovation Center of Forestry and Grassland，Hohhot 010010，China
^3.Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Desert Ecological System，Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences，Hohhot 010010，China
^4.Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Sandy Land Biological Resources Conservation and Cultivation，Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences，Hohhot 010010，China

Received:2022-08-06 Accepted:2022-09-01 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-04
Contact: Limin YUAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索玉米芯在干旱地区的有效利用方式、提高其利用率，通过土柱模拟的方法，将1.5～6.0 mm玉米芯颗粒与风沙土混合开展吸水与蒸发试验。以未添加玉米芯的土柱为对照，设置10种添加玉米芯处理，对不同处理土柱的吸水量、湿润锋、蒸发量、蒸发强度等进行测定，分析玉米芯及其用量对风沙土吸水、保水效果的影响。结果表明，混合土壤毛管水上升高度比对照低0.0%~76.3%，毛管水平均上升速率比对照低7.3%~78.7%，蒸发强度比对照低10.7%~64.2%。玉米芯添加量≤40%时，吸水量比对照高8.6%~16.2%；玉米芯添加量>40%时，吸水量比对照低1.1%~46.0%。毛管水上升高度与时间之间呈幂函数关系，水分补给量与时间之间呈幂函数关系，水分补给量与毛管水上升高度之间呈线性相关。吸水条件下的Green-Ampt模型调整后可用于模拟混合土壤的毛管水上升过程。Rose蒸发模型能很好地表达混合土壤累计蒸发量随时间的变化特征。研究结果为沙化土地治理、秸秆还田改良耕地等研究与实践提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米芯, 风沙土, 水分运移模型, 毛管水上升, 水分蒸发

Abstract:

In order to explore the effective utilization of corncob in arid areas and improve its utilization rate， the water absorption and evaporation experiments were carried out by mixing 1.5~6.0 mm corncob particles with aeolian sand by means of soil column simulation. The water absorption， wetting front， evaporation， evaporation rate et al. of the soil column with 10 kinds of corncob added were measured， and the soil column without corncob was used as the control. The effects of corncob and its dosage on water absorption and water retention in sandy soil were analyzed. The results showed that the rising height of capillary water in the mixed soil was 0.0%~76.3% lower than that of the control， the average rise rate of capillary level was 7.3%~78.7% lower than that of the control， and the evaporation intensity was 10.7%~64.2% lower than the control. When the addition amount of corncob≤40%， the water absorption was 8.6%~16.2% higher than the control； when the addition>40%， the water absorption was 1.1%~46.0% lower than the control. There was a power function relationship between capillary water rise height and time， a power function relationship between groundwater recharge and time， and a linear correlation between groundwater recharge and capillary water rise. After adjustment， the Green-Ampt model under water absorption could be used to simulate the capillary water rise process of mixed soils. The Rose evaporation models could express the variation characteristics of the cumulative evaporation of mixed soils with time. The results provided a theoretical basis for the corncob material in the practice of desertification land management and straw returning to the field to improve cultivated land.

Key words: corn cob, sandy soil, water transport model, capillary water rising, evaporation

中图分类号:

S714.7

丛文成, 袁立敏, 蒙仲举, 杨宇. 玉米芯颗粒对风沙土毛管水运移和蒸发特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(2): 198-207.

Wencheng CONG, Limin YUAN, Zhongju MENG, Yu YANG. Effects of Corncob on Capillary Water Transport and Evaporation Characteristics of Sandy Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(2): 198-207.

图/表 12

图1 试验期间温度及湿度变化情况

Fig. 1 Changes in temperature and humidity during the test

表1 试供土壤粒级组成

Table 1 Grain size composition of the test soil

指标Index	砂粒Grit	粉粒Powder	黏粒Cosmid
粒径Grain size/mm	2.000～0.020	0.020～0.002	<0.002
占比Proportion/%	25.8	61.2	13.0

图2 毛管水上升高度与时间的关系

Fig. 2 Relationship between capillary water rising height and time

表2 毛管水上升高度与时间的拟合结果

Table 2 Fitting result of capillary water rise height and time

玉米芯添加量 Corn cob added amount	毛管水上升高度与时间的关系 Relationship between rising height of capillary water and time	R²	样本数 Number of samples
0%	H=7.868 80T^{0.206 88}	0.94^*	3
10%	H=7.053 93T^{0.225 91}	0.91^*	3
20%	H=7.919 02T^{0.205 57}	0.90^*	3
30%	H=6.890 74T^{0.209 60}	0.91^*	3
40%	H=7.028 60T^{0.194 38}	0.89^*	3
50%	H=5.690 05T^{0.210 42}	0.89^*	3
60%	H=6.364 99T^{0.171 10}	0.87^*	3
70%	H=6.097 55T^{0.171 61}	0.87^*	3
80%	H=5.513 96T^{0.161 13}	0.88^*	3
90%	H=3.887 75T^{0.168 56}	0.89^*	3
100%	H=1.823 35T^{0.213 24}	0.91^*	3

图3 吸水量与时间的关系

Fig. 3 Relationship between water absorption and time

表3 吸水量与时间的拟合结果

Table 3 Fitting results of water absorption and time

玉米芯添加量 Corb cob added amount	吸水量与时间的关系（Kostiakov模型） Water absorption versus time （Kostiakov model）	R²	样本数 Number of samples
0%	I_K=60.572 74T^{0.206 92}	0.95^*	3
10%	I_K=53.465 94T^{0.256 14}	0.92^*	3
20%	I_K=72.829 45T^{0.205 63}	0.94^*	3
30%	I_K=66.128 84T^{0.209 65}	0.91^*	3
40%	I_K=72.371 95T^{0.194 43}	0.93^*	3
50%	I_K=60.295 21T^{0.210 47}	0.90^*	3
60%	I_K=75.088 38T^{0.171 15}	0.93^*	3
70%	I_K=73.151 39T^{0.171 66}	0.90^*	3
80%	I_K=74.421 43T^{0.161 17}	0.90^*	3
90%	I_K=58.302 75T^{0.168 60}	0.89^*	3
100%	I_K=31.898 56T^{0.213 30}	0.91^*	3

图4 水分补给速率与时间的关系

Fig. 4 Relationship between water replenishment rate and time

表4 水补给量与毛管水上升高度的关系

Table 4 Relationship between water replenishment and capillary water rise

玉米芯添加量 Corn cob added amount	毛管水上升高度/给水量 Capillary water rise/water feed $H / I$	吸水量与毛管水上升高度的关系 Relationship between water absorption and capillary water rise	样本数 Number of samples
0%	$0.129 9 T - 0.000 04$	I=7.698 2H	3
10%	$0.115 0 T - 0.000 07$	I=8.695 7H	3
20%	$0.108 7 T - 0.000 06$	I=9.199 6H	3
30%	$0.104 2 T - 0.000 05$	I=9.596 9H	3
40%	$0.097 1 T - 0.000 05$	I=10.298 7H	3
50%	$0.094 4 T - 0.000 05$	I=10.593 2H	3
60%	$0.084 8 T - 0.000 05$	I=11.792 5H	3
70%	$0.083 6 T - 0.000 05$	I=11.961 7H	3
80%	$0.074 1 T - 0.000 04$	I=13.495 3H	3
90%	$0.066 7 T - 0.000 04$	I=14.992 5H	3
100%	$0.057 2 T - 0.000 06$	I=17.482 5H	3

表4 水补给量与毛管水上升高度的关系

Table 4 Relationship between water replenishment and capillary water rise

玉米芯添加量 Corn cob added amount	毛管水上升高度/给水量 Capillary water rise/water feed $H / I$	吸水量与毛管水上升高度的关系 Relationship between water absorption and capillary water rise	样本数 Number of samples
0%	$0.129 9 T - 0.000 04$	I=7.698 2H	3
10%	$0.115 0 T - 0.000 07$	I=8.695 7H	3
20%	$0.108 7 T - 0.000 06$	I=9.199 6H	3
30%	$0.104 2 T - 0.000 05$	I=9.596 9H	3
40%	$0.097 1 T - 0.000 05$	I=10.298 7H	3
50%	$0.094 4 T - 0.000 05$	I=10.593 2H	3
60%	$0.084 8 T - 0.000 05$	I=11.792 5H	3
70%	$0.083 6 T - 0.000 05$	I=11.961 7H	3
80%	$0.074 1 T - 0.000 04$	I=13.495 3H	3
90%	$0.066 7 T - 0.000 04$	I=14.992 5H	3
100%	$0.057 2 T - 0.000 06$	I=17.482 5H	3

图5 容积含水量的Green-Ampt模型推算值与实测值

Fig. 5 Green-Ampt model estimated value and measured value of volumetric water content

图6 累计蒸发量与时间的关系

Fig. 6 Relationship between cumulative evaporation and time

表5 Rose蒸发模型拟合参数

Table 5 Fitting parameters of Rose evaporation model

指标Index	玉米芯添加量 Corn cob added amount
指标Index	0%	10%	20%	30%	40%	50%	60%	70%	80%	90%	100%
a	57.89	96.52	88.39	88.65	59.17	51.58	45.34	47.67	28.65	51.86	34.84
b	24.42	9.53	7.48	1.93	3.00	3.93	2.75	3.75	6.12	1.95	8.42
R²	0.98	0.96	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.98	0.99	0.98	0.99	0.99	0.98

图7 不同玉米芯添加量下的蒸发系数注：不同字母表示组间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 7 Evaporation coefficient of different corn cob additionNote： Different letters indicate significant differences between groups at P<0.05 level.

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