不同播期下鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性及其与气象因子的关系

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0735

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 45-55.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0735

不同播期下鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性及其与气象因子的关系

韦海龙¹(), 程乙¹, 宋碧¹(), 邹军²(), 左晋³, 李蕾¹, 张军¹, 刘代铃¹, 曾涛¹, 付敬锋¹, 魏盛¹

^1.贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025
^2.贵州省农作物技术推广总站, 贵阳 550000
^3.贵州省山地环境气候研究所, 贵阳 550002

收稿日期:2022-09-02 接受日期:2022-11-08 出版日期:2023-04-01 发布日期:2023-06-26
通讯作者: 宋碧,邹军
作者简介:韦海龙E-mail：1970958602@qq.com
基金资助:
贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合成果〔2021〕一般002）;公益性行业（农业）科研项目(201503127);贵州省特色粮油作物栽培与生理生态研究科技创新人才团队(黔科合平台人才项目〔2019〕5613号);贵州省高层次创新型人才“百”层次人才项目(黔科合平台人才〔2018〕5632号);贵州大学博士基金项目(贵大人基合字〔2020〕58号)

Grain Filling Characteristics of Fresh Waxy Maize at Different Sowing Dates and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors

Hailong WEI¹(), Yi CHENG¹, Bi SONG¹(), Jun ZOU²(), Jin ZUO³, Lei LI¹, Jun ZHANG¹, Dailing LIU¹, Tao ZENG¹, Jingfeng FU¹, Sheng WEI¹

^1.College of Agriculture，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China
^2.Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou Province，Guiyang 550001，China
^3.Institute of Mountain Environment and Climatology of Guizhou Province，Guiyang 550002，China

Received:2022-09-02 Accepted:2022-11-08 Online:2023-04-01 Published:2023-06-26
Contact: Bi SONG,Jun ZOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨播期对鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响及其与气象因子的关系，采用2因素裂区试验，以‘万糯2000’‘农科糯336’‘彩甜糯6号’3个品种为材料，设置6个播期（B1~B6）处理，研究不同播期下鲜食糯玉米的籽粒灌浆特性。结果表明，随着播期推迟，鲜食玉米生育期缩短，籽粒重、活跃灌浆期和灌浆终期呈先增后降的趋势，以B4播期值（17.32 g·100粒^-1、21.84和34.94 d）最大。籽粒干物质积累量与最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率粒重呈极显著相关（P<0.01），与灌浆活跃期、灌浆持续时间呈显著相关（P<0.05）。平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率粒重和籽粒干物质积累量受灌浆期内各主要气象因子影响显著，影响程度依次为日平均温度>日照时数>有效积温>降雨量，且均随籽粒灌浆期内日平均温度、日照时数和有效积温的升高而增加，当灌浆期降雨量在小于160 mm时呈正相关，大于160 mm时呈负相关。随播期的适当推迟，籽粒灌浆期有较长的灌浆活跃期及灌浆持续时间，较快的平均灌浆速率，较高的日平均温度和积温，适宜的降雨量。因此，黔中地区鲜食糯玉米在4月9—19日之间播种，更有利于籽粒灌浆和干物质积累，提高产量。研究结果可为贵州中部地区确定鲜食糯玉米适宜播期、高产高效栽培提供重要参考。

关键词: 播期, 鲜食玉米, 灌浆特性, 气象因素

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of sowing date on the grain-filling characteristics of fresh waxy maize and its relationship with meteorological factors，a 2-factor split-zone experiment were set to study the grain-filling properties of fresh maize under different sowing periods， using three varieties namely ‘Wannuo 2000’‘Nongkenuo 336’ ‘Caitiannuo 6’ as the material and setting six sowing periods（B1~B6）. The results showed that with the delay of sowing， the fertility period of fresh waxy maize shortened， and the seed weight， active grain filling period， and filling eventually period showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing， with maximum values at sowing B4 （17.32 g 100-grain^-1， 21.84 and 34.94 d）. Grain dry matter accumulation was highly significantly correlated （P<0.01） with maximum filling rate， average filling rate， grain weight at maximum filling rate， and significantly with the active grain filling period， duration of filling （P<0.05）. The average filling rate， grain weight at maximum filling rate， and grain dry matter accumulation were significantly influenced by the main meteorological factors during the filling period， in the following order average daily temperature > sunshine hours > effective cumulative temperature > rainfall， and they all increased with the increase of average daily temperature， sunshine hours and effective cumulative temperature during the filling period， and were positively correlated when the rainfall during the filling period was less than 160 mm and negatively correlated when it was more than 160 mm. With the appropriate delay in sowing， there was a longer active grain filling period and duration of filling， faster average filling rate， higher average daily temperature， cumulative temperature， and suitable rainfall during the grain filling period. Therefore， sowing fresh maize from 9 April to 19 April in central Guizhou was more conducive to grain filling and dry matter accumulation for higher yields. The results could be used as an important reference for determining the suitable sowing date of fresh waxy maize in the central region of Guizhou for high-yield and efficient cultivation.

Key words: sowing date, fresh maize, filling characteristics, meteorological factors

中图分类号:

S513

韦海龙, 程乙, 宋碧, 邹军, 左晋, 李蕾, 张军, 刘代铃, 曾涛, 付敬锋, 魏盛. 不同播期下鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 45-55.

Hailong WEI, Yi CHENG, Bi SONG, Jun ZOU, Jin ZUO, Lei LI, Jun ZHANG, Dailing LIU, Tao ZENG, Jingfeng FU, Sheng WEI. Grain Filling Characteristics of Fresh Waxy Maize at Different Sowing Dates and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 45-55.

图/表 9

图1 鲜食玉米生长季日平均降水量及平均气温

Fig. 1 Average daily precipitation and average temperature in the growing season of fresh maize

表1 不同播期下鲜食糯玉米生育期及气象条件

Table 1 Growth period and meteorological conditions of fresh waxy maize at different sowing dates

处理 Treatment		播种-吐丝期天数 Ds/d	吐丝-适宜收获期天数Df/d	播种-适宜收获期天数Dh/d	播种-适宜收获期有效积温 Te/（℃·d^-1）	吐丝-适宜收获期有效积温 ST/（℃·d^-1）	吐丝-适宜收获期平均温度TA/℃	吐丝-适宜收获期日照时数SL/h	吐丝-适宜收获期降雨量 SR/mm
均方Mean squares		**	**	**	**	ns	**	**	*
	B1	81 a	29 a	110 a	815.8 b	364.9 a	21.7 c	100.7 ab	199.8 a
播期	B2	80 a	27 ab	108 a	898.5 a	358.0 a	23.0 b	73.2 bc	168.1 ab
Sowing date	B3	75 b	24 b	99 b	902.1 a	343.9 a	23.3 ab	65.8 c	133.5 b
	B4	68 c	25 b	95 b	935.3 a	383.9 a	23.7 a	97.1 abc	133.8 b
	B5	62 d	24 b	86 c	936.0 a	364.5 a	23.7 a	89.0 bc	133.5 b
	B6	60 d	25 b	84 c	979.9 a	364.4 a	23.8 a	124.3 a	175.2 ab

图2 播期下各鲜食糯玉米品种干物质积累量

Fig. 2 Dry matter accumulation of fresh waxy maize varieties at sowing date

表2 参试品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特征参数

Table 2 Grain filling characteristic parameters of the tested varieties under different sowing date conditions

品种Variety	播期Sowing date	灌浆方程 Grouting equation		$R 2$	最大灌浆速率出现的时间T_max/d	最大灌浆速率粒重W_max/g	平均灌浆速率 V_a/（g·d^-1）	灌浆活跃期D/d	最大灌浆速率V_max/（g·d^-1）	灌浆持续时间 t₃/d
A1	B1	W=6.65/ （1+1.59E+5e^-0.54t） ^1/2.69		0.998 4^**	20.19 de	4.09 cde	0.39 fg	17.23 g	0.60 ghi	28.62 g
	B2	W=6.53/（1+1. 49E+2e^-0.29t） ^1/1.07		0.999 6^**	22.14 ab	5.57 a	0.44 cde	17.91 fg	0.72 de	27.84 h
	B3	W=6.96/（1+5. 44E+3e^-0.43t）^1/2.14		0.999 8^**	18.17 h	4.08 de	0.36 gh	19.20 cd	0.56 ij	28.81 g
	B4	W=10.69/（1+3.24E+2e^-0.28t）^1/1.09		0.999 0^**	19.91 e	5.44 a	0.49 cdef	21.66 b	0.74 de	35.98 a
	B5	W=6.55/（1+8.47E+1e^-0.13t）^{1/0. 05}		0.997 2^**	15.90 j	3.04 f	0.37 hi	17.43 g	0.48 j	30.97 e
	B6	W=9.79/（1+2.07+3E+3e^-0.31t）^1/0.66		0.998 6^**	20.19 de	5.24 a	0.52 ab	18.83 de	0.79 cd	32.91 c
A2	B1	W=6.46/（1+3.75E+4e^-0.51t）^1/1.75		0.999 8^**	23.11 a	5.20 ab	0.54 abc	12.70 i	0.91 a	26.09 i
	B2	W=7.92/（1+2.73E+8e^-0.80t）^1/5.19		0.999 8^**	16.56 j	3.31 f	0.32 a	20.61 c	0.48 j	31.99 d
	B3	W=6.63/（1+1.08E+3e^-0.36t）^1/1.27		0.999 8^**	18.68 g	3.48 f	0.37 hi	18.14 ef	0.55 ij	31.42 d
	B4	W=6.42/（1+5.84E+2e^-0.31t）^1/1.50		0.999 8^**	18.76 g	3.49 f	0.29 gh	22.09 b	0.44 j	33.22 c
	B5	W=9.75/（1+2.43E+3e^-0.33t）^1/1.64		0.999 8^**	21.88 b	5.41 a	0.45 i	21.83 b	0.68 def	35.65 ab
	B6	W=6.65/（1+3.61E+8e^-60.67t）^1/4.09		0.998 6^**	21.10 c	4.47 bc	0.47 cdef	14.05 h	0.76 cd	26.38 i
A3	B1	W=8.07/（1+6.68E+4e^-0.51t）^1/2.01		0.999 8^**	20.22 d	4.67 cd	0.52 bcd	15.59 h	0.80 bc	29.14 f
	B2	W=7.27/（1+6.09E+5e^-0.71t）^1/2.80		0.999 8^**	17.25 i	4.51 cd	0.54 a	13.49 hi	0.85 b	23.69 j
	B3	W=7.33/（1+1.67E+3e^-0.40t）^1/1.39		0.999 8^**	17.49 i	3.92 ef	0.44 def	16.77 g	0.66 efg	28.83 g
	B4	W=9.15/（1+2.40E+2e^-0.28t）^1/1.06		0.999 8^**	19.28 f	4.63 cde	0.42 efg	21.77 b	0.63 fgh	35.62 ab
	B5	W=8.00/（1+1.03E+3e^-0.32t）^1/1.42		0.999 8^**	20.52 d	4.30 cd	0.37 hi	21.36 b	0.57 hij	34.83 b
	B6	W=8.69/（1+5.52Е+2е^{-0. 34t}）^1/0.9З		0.999 8^**	18.33 gh	4.29 c	0.52 a	16.83 g	0.77 cd	31.52 d
		播期Sowing date		B1	21.10 a	4.65 a	0.48 b	15.17d	0.77 a	27.95 c
				B2	18.65 bc	4.46 ab	0.43 a	17.34 cd	0.68 ab	27.84 c
				B3	18.11 c	3.83 c	0.39 c	18.04 c	0.59 b	29.69 bc
				B4	19.32 bc	4.52 ab	0.40 c	21.84 b	0.60 b	34.94 a
				B5	19.43 bc	4.25 ab	0.40 c	20.20 b	0.58 b	33.82 a
				B6	19.87 ab	4.67 a	0.50 ab	16.57 cd	0.77 a	30.27 b
		品种Variety		A1	19.42 b	4.58 a	0.40 b	18.71 a	0.64 b	30.86 ab
				A2	20.02 a	4.23 b	0.41 b	18.24 a	0.64 b	30.79 a
				A3	18.85 c	4.39 b	0.47 a	17.64 b	0.71 a	30.61 c
均方 Mean squares			播期Sowing date		**	**	**	**	**	**
			品种Variety		**	**	**	**	**	**
	播期×品种Sowing date×Variety				**	**	**	**	**	**
	相关性分析 Correlation analysis（We）				0.25	0.63^**	0.49^**	0.31	0.47^*	0.51^*

表2 参试品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特征参数

Table 2 Grain filling characteristic parameters of the tested varieties under different sowing date conditions

品种Variety	播期Sowing date	灌浆方程 Grouting equation		$R 2$	最大灌浆速率出现的时间T_max/d	最大灌浆速率粒重W_max/g	平均灌浆速率 V_a/（g·d^-1）	灌浆活跃期D/d	最大灌浆速率V_max/（g·d^-1）	灌浆持续时间 t₃/d
A1	B1	W=6.65/ （1+1.59E+5e^-0.54t） ^1/2.69		0.998 4^**	20.19 de	4.09 cde	0.39 fg	17.23 g	0.60 ghi	28.62 g
	B2	W=6.53/（1+1. 49E+2e^-0.29t） ^1/1.07		0.999 6^**	22.14 ab	5.57 a	0.44 cde	17.91 fg	0.72 de	27.84 h
	B3	W=6.96/（1+5. 44E+3e^-0.43t）^1/2.14		0.999 8^**	18.17 h	4.08 de	0.36 gh	19.20 cd	0.56 ij	28.81 g
	B4	W=10.69/（1+3.24E+2e^-0.28t）^1/1.09		0.999 0^**	19.91 e	5.44 a	0.49 cdef	21.66 b	0.74 de	35.98 a
	B5	W=6.55/（1+8.47E+1e^-0.13t）^{1/0. 05}		0.997 2^**	15.90 j	3.04 f	0.37 hi	17.43 g	0.48 j	30.97 e
	B6	W=9.79/（1+2.07+3E+3e^-0.31t）^1/0.66		0.998 6^**	20.19 de	5.24 a	0.52 ab	18.83 de	0.79 cd	32.91 c
A2	B1	W=6.46/（1+3.75E+4e^-0.51t）^1/1.75		0.999 8^**	23.11 a	5.20 ab	0.54 abc	12.70 i	0.91 a	26.09 i
	B2	W=7.92/（1+2.73E+8e^-0.80t）^1/5.19		0.999 8^**	16.56 j	3.31 f	0.32 a	20.61 c	0.48 j	31.99 d
	B3	W=6.63/（1+1.08E+3e^-0.36t）^1/1.27		0.999 8^**	18.68 g	3.48 f	0.37 hi	18.14 ef	0.55 ij	31.42 d
	B4	W=6.42/（1+5.84E+2e^-0.31t）^1/1.50		0.999 8^**	18.76 g	3.49 f	0.29 gh	22.09 b	0.44 j	33.22 c
	B5	W=9.75/（1+2.43E+3e^-0.33t）^1/1.64		0.999 8^**	21.88 b	5.41 a	0.45 i	21.83 b	0.68 def	35.65 ab
	B6	W=6.65/（1+3.61E+8e^-60.67t）^1/4.09		0.998 6^**	21.10 c	4.47 bc	0.47 cdef	14.05 h	0.76 cd	26.38 i
A3	B1	W=8.07/（1+6.68E+4e^-0.51t）^1/2.01		0.999 8^**	20.22 d	4.67 cd	0.52 bcd	15.59 h	0.80 bc	29.14 f
	B2	W=7.27/（1+6.09E+5e^-0.71t）^1/2.80		0.999 8^**	17.25 i	4.51 cd	0.54 a	13.49 hi	0.85 b	23.69 j
	B3	W=7.33/（1+1.67E+3e^-0.40t）^1/1.39		0.999 8^**	17.49 i	3.92 ef	0.44 def	16.77 g	0.66 efg	28.83 g
	B4	W=9.15/（1+2.40E+2e^-0.28t）^1/1.06		0.999 8^**	19.28 f	4.63 cde	0.42 efg	21.77 b	0.63 fgh	35.62 ab
	B5	W=8.00/（1+1.03E+3e^-0.32t）^1/1.42		0.999 8^**	20.52 d	4.30 cd	0.37 hi	21.36 b	0.57 hij	34.83 b
	B6	W=8.69/（1+5.52Е+2е^{-0. 34t}）^1/0.9З		0.999 8^**	18.33 gh	4.29 c	0.52 a	16.83 g	0.77 cd	31.52 d
		播期Sowing date		B1	21.10 a	4.65 a	0.48 b	15.17d	0.77 a	27.95 c
				B2	18.65 bc	4.46 ab	0.43 a	17.34 cd	0.68 ab	27.84 c
				B3	18.11 c	3.83 c	0.39 c	18.04 c	0.59 b	29.69 bc
				B4	19.32 bc	4.52 ab	0.40 c	21.84 b	0.60 b	34.94 a
				B5	19.43 bc	4.25 ab	0.40 c	20.20 b	0.58 b	33.82 a
				B6	19.87 ab	4.67 a	0.50 ab	16.57 cd	0.77 a	30.27 b
		品种Variety		A1	19.42 b	4.58 a	0.40 b	18.71 a	0.64 b	30.86 ab
				A2	20.02 a	4.23 b	0.41 b	18.24 a	0.64 b	30.79 a
				A3	18.85 c	4.39 b	0.47 a	17.64 b	0.71 a	30.61 c
均方 Mean squares			播期Sowing date		**	**	**	**	**	**
			品种Variety		**	**	**	**	**	**
	播期×品种Sowing date×Variety				**	**	**	**	**	**
	相关性分析 Correlation analysis（We）				0.25	0.63^**	0.49^**	0.31	0.47^*	0.51^*

图3 籽粒灌浆速率动态变化

Fig. 3 Dynamic changes of grain filling rate

图4 参试品种在不同播期条件下各灌浆阶段特征参数注：TA、TB、TC为渐增期、速增期、缓增期；同类柱形图上的不同小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Characteristic parameters of the tested varieties at each filling stage under different sowing date conditionsNote： TA， TB， TC are the gradually increasing period， rapid increaseing period， slow increaseing period； different lowercase letters on same kind of bar graph indicate significant differences between different treatment at P<0.05 levels.

图5 籽粒灌浆参数与播期的回归分析注： WF—籽粒最终粒重。

Fig. 5 Regression analysis of grain filling parameters and sowing dateNote： WF—Final filling grain weight.

图6 籽粒灌浆参数与气象因子的冗余分析注：红线代表籽粒灌浆期气象因子，黑线代表籽粒灌浆参数。

Fig. 6 Redundancy analysis of grain filling parameters andNote： Red line represents the meteorological factors of the grain filling period， black line represents the grain filling parameters.

图7 籽粒灌浆参数与气象因子的回归分析

Fig. 7 Regression analysis of grain filling parameters and meteorological factors

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不同播期下鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性及其与气象因子的关系

Grain Filling Characteristics of Fresh Waxy Maize at Different Sowing Dates and Its Relationship with Meteorological Factors

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