两种飞播植物对结皮土壤颗粒组成和有机质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0955

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究飞播30年后花棒、沙拐枣2种植物对结皮土壤颗粒组成和有机质的影响及其差异，明确植物生长过程中结皮土壤颗粒组成和有机质之间的关系，以腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播造林区为研究区，花棒、沙拐枣植株下结皮为研究对象，以无植物结皮为对照（CK），分析不同植株大小对不同位置结皮土壤颗粒组成和有机质含量的影响。结果表明，花棒、沙拐枣下结皮相较于CK细砂含量高、粗砂含量低；植株大小相同时，沙拐枣下结皮对细砂累积效应更明显。随着植株变大、距根部越近，结皮对细砂的保持效果越强。花棒、沙拐枣下结皮有机质含量均高于CK，且与植株大小呈正相关，花棒的结皮有机质含量整体高于沙拐枣。植株大小相同时，距根部0.5 m处的结皮有机质含量高于1.0 m处。2种植株的结皮有机质含量与细颗粒含量呈显著正相关，与粗颗粒含量呈极显著负相关。极细砂和极粗砂是二者结皮有机质积累与否的关键粒级。综上，在腾格里沙漠地区飞播30年后花棒对当地结皮有机质的积累效果更好，沙拐枣对结皮中细砂的保持效果更好。以上研究结果为干旱飞播区荒漠风蚀防治和恢复以及飞播选种配比提供理论基础和科学依据。

关键词: 土壤结皮, 粒度特征, 有机质, 飞播造林, 腾格里沙漠

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects and differences of 2 plants of Hedysarum scoparium and Calligonum mongolicum on crust soil particle composition and organic matter after 30 years of aerial seeding， and to clarify the relationship between crust soil particle composition and organic matter during plant growth， the aerial seeding afforestation area in the northeastern margin of the Tengger desert was taken as the research area， and the lower crust of Hedysarum scoparium and Calligonum mongolicum was taken as the research object， and the non-plant crust was taken as the control （CK）. The effects of different plant sizes on the particle composition and organic matter content of crust soil at different positions were analyzed. The results showed that the fine sand content of Hedysarum scoparium and Calligonum mongolicum was higher than that of CK， and the coarse sand content was lower. When the plant size was the same， the accumulation effect of fine sand under the crust of Calligonum mongolicum was more obvious. As the plant became larger and closer to the root， the effect of crusts on fine sand retention was stronger. The content of organic matter in the crusts of Hedysarum scoparium and Calligonum mongolicum was higher than that of CK， and was positively correlated with plant size. The content of organic matter in the crusts of Hedysarum scoparium was higher than that of Calligonum mongolicum. When the plant size was the same， the organic matter content of the crust at 0.5 m from the root was higher than that at 1.0 m. The content of crust organic matter in the 2 plants was significantly positively correlated with the content of fine particles， and was significantly negatively correlated with the content of coarse particles. Very fine sand and very coarse sand were the key fractions for the accumulation of crust organic matter. To sum up， after 30 years of aerial seeding in Tengger desert， Hedysarum scoparium had a better effect on the accumulation of organic matter in local crusts， and Calligonum mongolicum had a better effect on the maintenance of fine sand in crusts. Above results provided theoretical basis and scientific basis for the prevention and restoration of desert wind erosion and the selection ratio of aerial seeding in arid aerial seeding area.

Key words: soil crust, granularity characteristics, organic matter, aerial seeding afforestation, Tengger desert

中图分类号:

S154

张然, 高永, 梁钰镁, 党晓宏, 高苗苗, 刘宏义, 高雪琴. 两种飞播植物对结皮土壤颗粒组成和有机质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 172-181.

Ran ZHANG, Yong GAO, Yumei LIANG, Xiaohong DANG, Miaomiao GAO, Hongyi LIU, Xueqin GAO. Effects of Two Aerial Plants on Soil Particle Composition and Organic Matter in Crust Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(7): 172-181.

图/表 6

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植物 Plant	植株大小 Plant size	距离 Distance/m	粒配组成Grain composition/%
植物 Plant	植株大小 Plant size	距离 Distance/m	黏粒 Clay	粉粒 Silt	极细砂 Very fine sand	细砂 Fine sand	中砂 Medium sand	粗砂 Coarse sand	极粗砂 Very coarse sand
花棒 Hedysarum scoparium	大株 Large plant	0.5	0.72±0.32	9.73±4.53	7.07±4.32	29.23±3.44	19.21±5.97	25.34±4.48	8.68±4.13
	大株 Large plant	1.0	0.83±0.13	11.16±1.89	6.80±2.07	29.85±7.50	18.62±4.48	24.48±5.90	8.23±4.01
	中株 Medium plant	0.5	0.68±0.16	9.83±2.07	6.33±2.82	32.18±11.29	17.86±5.99	24.94±7.83	8.15±5.89
	中株 Medium plant	1.0	11.04±14.07	24.02±18.46	8.52±6.65	23.57±15.28	11.99±11.67	15.98±16.89	4.85±3.40
	小株 Small plant	0.5	0.66±0.32	10.42±4.82	7.52±5.13	35.94±9.75	17.20±8.34	20.00±8.48	8.23±5.76
	小株 Small plant	1.0	0.96±0.47	10.51±4.29	5.63±2.13	30.73±9.69	17.99±8.05	23.59±11.40	10.55±6.19
沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	大株 Large plant	0.5	6.58±13.62	13.06±12.29	8.55±6.88	30.34±9.64	17.28±10.87	18.39±10.60	5.75±3.50
	大株 Large plant	1.0	0.96±0.70	11.32±6.64	5.84±2.24	26.17±6.02	19.45±4.53	28.69±8.85	7.54±1.56
	中株 Medium plant	0.5	0.82±0.45	8.74±4.53	4.74±2.44	22.54±7.01	15.50±2.19	35.82±10.75	11.81±4.85
	中株 Medium plant	1.0	1.29±0.90	10.54±3.39	6.61±3.33	31.83±12.47	13.22±5.64	22.92±8.35	13.55±9.46
	小株 Small plant	0.5	0.87±0.63	10.58±5.01	7.08±2.05	32.58±9.75	19.64±6.80	22.70±6.65	6.52±3.11
	小株 Small plant	1.0	1.99±3.42	9.15±6.24	6.20±4.09	28.87±17.39	16.76±13.21	13.38±9.95	3.72±3.52
CK			0.86±0.25	10.08±2.71	6.67±3.01	28.70±2.75	17.12±5.33	25.15±2.68	11.39±6.79

植物 Plant	植株大小 Plant size	距离 Distance/m	粒配组成Grain composition/%
植物 Plant	植株大小 Plant size	距离 Distance/m	黏粒 Clay	粉粒 Silt	极细砂 Very fine sand	细砂 Fine sand	中砂 Medium sand	粗砂 Coarse sand	极粗砂 Very coarse sand
花棒 Hedysarum scoparium	大株 Large plant	0.5	0.72±0.32	9.73±4.53	7.07±4.32	29.23±3.44	19.21±5.97	25.34±4.48	8.68±4.13
	大株 Large plant	1.0	0.83±0.13	11.16±1.89	6.80±2.07	29.85±7.50	18.62±4.48	24.48±5.90	8.23±4.01
	中株 Medium plant	0.5	0.68±0.16	9.83±2.07	6.33±2.82	32.18±11.29	17.86±5.99	24.94±7.83	8.15±5.89
	中株 Medium plant	1.0	11.04±14.07	24.02±18.46	8.52±6.65	23.57±15.28	11.99±11.67	15.98±16.89	4.85±3.40
	小株 Small plant	0.5	0.66±0.32	10.42±4.82	7.52±5.13	35.94±9.75	17.20±8.34	20.00±8.48	8.23±5.76
	小株 Small plant	1.0	0.96±0.47	10.51±4.29	5.63±2.13	30.73±9.69	17.99±8.05	23.59±11.40	10.55±6.19
沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	大株 Large plant	0.5	6.58±13.62	13.06±12.29	8.55±6.88	30.34±9.64	17.28±10.87	18.39±10.60	5.75±3.50
	大株 Large plant	1.0	0.96±0.70	11.32±6.64	5.84±2.24	26.17±6.02	19.45±4.53	28.69±8.85	7.54±1.56
	中株 Medium plant	0.5	0.82±0.45	8.74±4.53	4.74±2.44	22.54±7.01	15.50±2.19	35.82±10.75	11.81±4.85
	中株 Medium plant	1.0	1.29±0.90	10.54±3.39	6.61±3.33	31.83±12.47	13.22±5.64	22.92±8.35	13.55±9.46
	小株 Small plant	0.5	0.87±0.63	10.58±5.01	7.08±2.05	32.58±9.75	19.64±6.80	22.70±6.65	6.52±3.11
	小株 Small plant	1.0	1.99±3.42	9.15±6.24	6.20±4.09	28.87±17.39	16.76±13.21	13.38±9.95	3.72±3.52
CK			0.86±0.25	10.08±2.71	6.67±3.01	28.70±2.75	17.12±5.33	25.15±2.68	11.39±6.79

距植株根部距离 Distance from plant root/m	植株大小 Plant size	有机质含量 Organic content/（g·kg^-1）
距植株根部距离 Distance from plant root/m	植株大小 Plant size	花棒 Hedysarum scoparium	沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	CK
0.5	大株 Large plant	15.38±1.99 αa	12.95±2.79 αa	8.30±1.23 β
	中株 Medium plant	12.52±2.86 αab	11.51±1.51 αa	8.30±1.23 β
	小株 Small plant	10.71±1.65 αβb	11.61±2.28 αa	8.30±1.23 β
1.0	大株 Large plant	12.37±1.49 αa	11.96±1.02 αa	8.30±1.23 β
	中株 Medium plant	11.11±2.18 αab	10.31±1.12 αβa	8.30±1.23 β
	小株 Small plant	9.54±1.17 αb	9.89±1.52 αa	8.30±1.23 α

距植株根部距离 Distance from plant root/m	植株大小 Plant size	有机质含量 Organic content/（g·kg^-1）
距植株根部距离 Distance from plant root/m	植株大小 Plant size	花棒 Hedysarum scoparium	沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	CK
0.5	大株 Large plant	15.38±1.99 αa	12.95±2.79 αa	8.30±1.23 β
	中株 Medium plant	12.52±2.86 αab	11.51±1.51 αa	8.30±1.23 β
	小株 Small plant	10.71±1.65 αβb	11.61±2.28 αa	8.30±1.23 β
1.0	大株 Large plant	12.37±1.49 αa	11.96±1.02 αa	8.30±1.23 β
	中株 Medium plant	11.11±2.18 αab	10.31±1.12 αβa	8.30±1.23 β
	小株 Small plant	9.54±1.17 αb	9.89±1.52 αa	8.30±1.23 α

颗粒径级 Particle diameter grade	花棒 Hedysarum scoparium			沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum
颗粒径级 Particle diameter grade	大株 Large plant	中株 Medium plant	小株 Small plant	大株 Large plant	中株 Medium plant	小株 Small plant
黏粒 Clay	0.217	0.16	0.204	0.736^*	0.018	-0.355
粉粒 Silt	0.268	0.246	0.724^*	0.608	-0.390	0.184
极细砂 Very fine sand	0.454	0.584	0.852^**	0.753^*	-0.373	0.293
细砂Fine sand	-0.137	0.063	-0.103	-0.379	-0.294	0.047
中砂 Medium sand	-0.229	-0.395	-0.533	-0.686^*	0.281	0.581
粗砂 Coarse sand	0.026	-0.378	-0.045	-0.547	0.441	0.289
极粗砂 Very coarse sand	-0.166	-0.071	-0.161	-0.826^**	-0.061	-0.209