具有腐熟剂喷施装置的香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0150

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前香蕉秸秆粉碎效果不佳、能耗高、粉碎后秸秆腐化速度慢及腐熟程度低等问题，设计一款具有腐熟剂喷施装置的香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机。设计了直式异形甩刀，刀辊的排列方式为对称单螺旋排列，粉碎刀轴转速范围为1 500~1 860 r·min^-1，喷施装置选用容积为180 L的药箱和喷射角为90°的扇形喷头，单喷头流量为0.8 L·min^-1，4个喷头分别间隔370 mm固定于药杆。以机器前进速度和刀辊转速为自变量，以秸秆粉碎合格率和抛撒不均匀度为应变量进行二因素三水平的田间试验和进行对比试验。试验结果表明，机器前进速度为1.4 m·s^-1，刀辊转速为1 860 r·min^-1，此时香蕉秸秆粉碎合格率为93.08%，抛撒不均匀度为12.11%。实现了香蕉秸秆粉碎与腐熟的联合作业，相较于前代机具，不仅提升了秸秆的粉碎效果，还促进了秸秆有机质的分解，为后续香蕉秸秆腐熟还田机的研究提供技术参考。

关键词: 农业机械, 香蕉秸秆, 秸秆粉碎, 秸秆腐熟, 田间试验, 异形甩刀

Abstract:

Aiming at the current problems of poor crushing effect， high energy consumption， slow decomposition speed and low degree of decomposition of banana straw after crushing etc.， a banana straw crushing and returning machine with rotting agent spraying device was designed. The straight shaped knife was optimized， the arrangement of knife roller was symmetrical single helix arrangement， the crushing knife axle rotational speed range was 1 500~1 860 r·min^-1， the spraying device selected 180 L tank and fan nozzle with spray angle of 90°， single nozzle flow rate was 0.8 L·min^-1， and 4 nozzles were fixed to the drug pole at 370 mm intervals. A two-factor， three-level field test and a comparative test was conducted with the forward speed of the machine and the rotational speed of the knife roller as independent variables， and the qualified rate of straw crushing and unevenness of spreading as dependent variables. The results showed that the machine forward speed was 1.4 m·s^-1 and the knife roller rotational speed was 1 860 r·min^-1， and the qualified rate of banana straw crushing was 93.08% and the unevenness of spreading was 12.11%. This device realized the joint operation of banana straw crushing and rotting， which not only improved the crushing effect of straw but also promoted the decomposition of straw organic matter compared with the previous generation of machines， and provided technical references for the research of the subsequent banana straw rotting and field returning machine.

Key words: agricultural machinery, banana straw, straw crushing, straw ripening, field test, shaped throwing knife

中图分类号:

S224.29

高阳, 李粤, 位士全, 黄椿, 吴紫晗, 魏晨辉, 黄麒润. 具有腐熟剂喷施装置的香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(9): 93-104.

Yang GAO, Yue LI, Shiquan WEI, Chun HUANG, Zihan WU, Chenhui WEI, Qirun HUANG. Design and Experiment of a Banana Straw Crushing and Returning Machine with Rotting Agent Spraying Device[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(9): 93-104.

图/表 16

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参数 Parameter	值 Value
外形尺寸 Overall dimension/mm	1 700×900×700
连接方式 Connection method	三点悬挂 Three-point suspension
整机质量 Overall quality of the machine/kg	500
配套动力 Auxiliary power/kW	60~100
作业幅宽 Working width/mm	1 500
粉碎装置传动方式 Pulverizer drive type	链传动 Chain drive
甩刀数量 Number of dump knives	48
定刀数量 Number of fixed knives	17
刀辊转速 Knife roller speed/（r·min^-1）	1 500~1 900
喷头间距 Nozzle spacing/mm	400
喷头偏转角度 Printhead deflection angle/（°）	30~45

参数 Parameter	值 Value
外形尺寸 Overall dimension/mm	1 700×900×700
连接方式 Connection method	三点悬挂 Three-point suspension
整机质量 Overall quality of the machine/kg	500
配套动力 Auxiliary power/kW	60~100
作业幅宽 Working width/mm	1 500
粉碎装置传动方式 Pulverizer drive type	链传动 Chain drive
甩刀数量 Number of dump knives	48
定刀数量 Number of fixed knives	17
刀辊转速 Knife roller speed/（r·min^-1）	1 500~1 900
喷头间距 Nozzle spacing/mm	400
喷头偏转角度 Printhead deflection angle/（°）	30~45

试验序号 Test No.	A：机器前进速度 Machine forward speed/（m·s^-1）	B：粉碎刀辊转速 Crushing knife roller speed/（r·min^-1）	Q：秸秆粉碎合格率 Straw crushing pass rate/％	Fb：抛撒不均匀度 Unevenness of spreading/％
1	1.1	1 500	85.87	19.32
2	1.1	1 680	90.57	18.70
3	1.1	1 860	93.78	14.65
4	1.4	1 500	89.07	17.31
5	1.4	1 680	90.91	15.83
6	1.4	1 860	93.08	12.11
7	1.7	1 500	84.45	16.53
8	1.7	1 680	88.70	17.69
9	1.7	1 860	89.98	15.28

试验序号 Test No.	A：机器前进速度 Machine forward speed/（m·s^-1）	B：粉碎刀辊转速 Crushing knife roller speed/（r·min^-1）	Q：秸秆粉碎合格率 Straw crushing pass rate/％	Fb：抛撒不均匀度 Unevenness of spreading/％
1	1.1	1 500	85.87	19.32
2	1.1	1 680	90.57	18.70
3	1.1	1 860	93.78	14.65
4	1.4	1 500	89.07	17.31
5	1.4	1 680	90.91	15.83
6	1.4	1 860	93.08	12.11
7	1.7	1 500	84.45	16.53
8	1.7	1 680	88.70	17.69
9	1.7	1 860	89.98	15.28

指标 Index	方差来源 Sources of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
Q	A	17.438	2	8.719	7.30	0.046
	B	51.698	2	25.849	21.65	0.007
	误差 Pure error	4.775	4	1.194
F_b	A	9.241	2	4.620	3.87	0.116
	B	25.352	2	12.676	10.62	0.025
	误差 Pure error	4.775	4	1.194