BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系柱头外露规律研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0177

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的开花习性影响其异交性能，进而影响杂交小麦制种产量。为了明确柱头外露对不育系异交结实的影响，以15个不育系为材料，同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本，研究不育系从始花期开始连续10 d柱头外露率的变化规律及其与异交结实的相关性。结果表明，不育系在开花过程中柱头外露率基本呈先升后降的变化趋势。在盛花期，柱头外露主要集中在中部穗位。柱头外露性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS163、BS366、BS210。相关性分析结果表明，柱头外露率与柱头外露小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关。综上说明，柱头外露是影响不育系异交结实的重要因素之一，在制种时选择具有柱头外露性状的不育系可提升制种产量。以上研究结果为高异交光温敏不育系的选育提供了科学依据。

关键词: BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系, 开花习性, 柱头外露, 异交结实

Abstract:

The flowering habits of wheat BS type photo-thermo sensitive male sterile lines affect its outcrossing performance， which affect the seed production yield of hybrid wheat. In order to clarify the effect of stigma exsertion on the outcrossing seed setting rate of sterile lines， 15 different sterile lines were used as materials， and 3 restorer lines possessed good combining ability and excellent seed production trait were selected. The changing patterns of stigma exsertion rate in sterile lines were investigated for 10 d， from the beginning of flowering， and the correlation between the stigma exsertion rate and outcrossing seed setting was also studied. The results showed that the stigma exsertion rate increased firstly and then decreased in most sterile lines. In the full flowering stage， the stigma exsertion was mainly concentrated in the middle of ears. BS278-2， BS163， BS366， BS210 exhibited good stigma exsertion characteristics. The correlation analysis showed that stigma exsertion rate was significantly positively correlated with the outcrossing seed setting rate of stigma exsertion florets. In conclusion， stigma exsertion was one of the crucial factors affecting outcrossing of sterile lines， and the sterile lines with stigma exsertion could be selected for increasing seed production yield. Above results provided scientific basis for the breeding of photo-thermo sensitive sterile lines with high outcrossing seed setting rate.

Key words: BS type photo-thermo sensitive male sterile lines of wheat, flowering habits, stigma exsertion, outcrossing seed setting

中图分类号:

S512.1

岳洁茹, 秦志列, 侯起岭, 苑少华, 郝小聪, 杨吉芳, 白秀成, 赵昌平, 张风廷, 孙辉. BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系柱头外露规律研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(10): 22-29.

Jieru YUE, Zhilie QIN, Qiling HOU, Shaohua YUAN, Xiaocong HAO, Jifang YANG, Xiucheng BAI, Changping ZHAO, Fengting ZHANG, Hui SUN. Study on Stigma Exsertion Pattern of BS Type Photo-thermo Sensitive Male Sterile Lines of Wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(10): 22-29.

图/表 7

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不育系 Sterile line	自交结实率 Self-seed setting rate/%	始花期 Initial flowering stage（m/d）	不育系 Sterile line	自交结实率 Self-seed setting rate/%	始花期 Initial flowering stage（m/d）
BS1453	0.67	4/13	BS141	0.76	4/12
BS278-2	0.00	4/13	BS163	0.01	4/13
BS294	0.20	4/13	BS166	0.11	4/13
BS210	0.43	4/13	BS185	0.74	4/15
BS366	0.00	4/13	BS131	0.81	4/13
BS107	0.32	4/13	BS136	0.00	4/13
BS126	0.00	4/12	BS323	0.99	4/13
BS135	0.00	4/12	中麦 175 Zhongmai 175	88.27	4/13

不育系 Sterile line	自交结实率 Self-seed setting rate/%	始花期 Initial flowering stage（m/d）	不育系 Sterile line	自交结实率 Self-seed setting rate/%	始花期 Initial flowering stage（m/d）
BS1453	0.67	4/13	BS141	0.76	4/12
BS278-2	0.00	4/13	BS163	0.01	4/13
BS294	0.20	4/13	BS166	0.11	4/13
BS210	0.43	4/13	BS185	0.74	4/15
BS366	0.00	4/13	BS131	0.81	4/13
BS107	0.32	4/13	BS136	0.00	4/13
BS126	0.00	4/12	BS323	0.99	4/13
BS135	0.00	4/12	中麦 175 Zhongmai 175	88.27	4/13

不育系 Sterile line	柱头外露率 SER/%	柱头外露小花异交结实率 ORS/%	总异交结实率 TOR/%
BS131	4.25±0.09 e	4.05±0.32 g	74.74±2.22 ab
BS163	30.18±1.13 b	29.33±3.20 b	74.21±3.49 bcde
BS210	27.27±1.43 b	25.00±2.20 de	62.32±2.02 fg
BS366	25.03±5.03 b	18.18±1.20 ef	72.36±2.69 cdef
BS1453	5.75±0.47 de	5.09±0.31 f	67.23±4.67 def
BS294	1.60±0.61 e	1.13±0.09 g	86.31±3.67 a
BS107	14.65±0.89 cd	13.04±0.13 ef	77.92±5.02 abcd
BS136	29.47±9.47 b	26.00±1.44 bc	72.18±6.24 cdef
BS278-2	51.79±5.02 a	45.24±3.84 a	78.00±5.32 abc
BS126	15.34±0.03 c	12.93±0.94 b	78.98±2.60 abc
BS135	6.32±0.35 de	6.10±0.64 f	68.12±4.22 fg
BS141	54.17±4.17 a	47.92±3.42 cd	83.06±0.80 abc
BS166	13.97±0.16 cd	10.00±0.72 ef	64.33±4.19 ef
BS185	5.63±0.65 e	5.09±0.14 g	68.46±2.89 def
BS323	13.52±0.79 cde	12.50±1.04 f	50.89±2.14 g

不育系 Sterile line	柱头外露率 SER/%	柱头外露小花异交结实率 ORS/%	总异交结实率 TOR/%
BS131	4.25±0.09 e	4.05±0.32 g	74.74±2.22 ab
BS163	30.18±1.13 b	29.33±3.20 b	74.21±3.49 bcde
BS210	27.27±1.43 b	25.00±2.20 de	62.32±2.02 fg
BS366	25.03±5.03 b	18.18±1.20 ef	72.36±2.69 cdef
BS1453	5.75±0.47 de	5.09±0.31 f	67.23±4.67 def
BS294	1.60±0.61 e	1.13±0.09 g	86.31±3.67 a
BS107	14.65±0.89 cd	13.04±0.13 ef	77.92±5.02 abcd
BS136	29.47±9.47 b	26.00±1.44 bc	72.18±6.24 cdef
BS278-2	51.79±5.02 a	45.24±3.84 a	78.00±5.32 abc
BS126	15.34±0.03 c	12.93±0.94 b	78.98±2.60 abc
BS135	6.32±0.35 de	6.10±0.64 f	68.12±4.22 fg
BS141	54.17±4.17 a	47.92±3.42 cd	83.06±0.80 abc
BS166	13.97±0.16 cd	10.00±0.72 ef	64.33±4.19 ef
BS185	5.63±0.65 e	5.09±0.14 g	68.46±2.89 def
BS323	13.52±0.79 cde	12.50±1.04 f	50.89±2.14 g

不育系 Sterile line	平均制种产量 Average seed production yield/（kg·hm^-2）	父本数量 Number of fathers
BS210	6 417.00	8
BS278-2	5 328.75	18
BS135	3 463.05	12
BS107	4 347.45	11
BS294	2 974.95	9
BS163	3 433.80	12
BS166	2 116.50	17
BS126	4 503.00	11
BS136	3 459.45	11
BS323	5 044.95	8
BS1453	5 239.20	11