枸杞开花生物学及传粉特征研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0198

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 34-43.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0198

枸杞开花生物学及传粉特征研究

万云星¹(), 闫自杨¹, 姚军²(), 郭立明³, 朱金忠⁴, 唐建宁⁵, 乔彩云⁵, 匡海鸥¹, 龚雪阳¹, 岳丹¹, 赵文正¹()

^1.云南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 昆明 650201
^2.中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所, 北京 100091
^3.宁夏林业调查规划院, 银川 750010
^4.宁夏杞鑫种业有限公司, 宁夏中卫 755102
^5.宁夏枸杞产业发展中心, 银川 750000

收稿日期:2024-03-14 接受日期:2024-04-21 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-13
通讯作者: 姚军,赵文正
作者简介:万云星 E-mail：2045310987@qq.com
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区林业调查规划院研究项目(D6400000141009993-1);企校合作横向研究项目(KX142023058);国家蜂产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-44-KXJ13);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1601907)

Study on the Flowering Biology and Pollination Characteristics of Goji Berries

Yunxing WAN¹(), Ziyang YAN¹, Jun YAO²(), Liming GUO³, Jinzhong ZHU⁴, Jianning TANG⁵, Caiyun QIAO⁵, Haiou KUANG¹, Xueyang GONG¹, Dan YUE¹, Wenzheng ZHAO¹()

^1.School of Animal Science and Technology，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming 650201，China
^2.Institute of Apicultural Research，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100091，China
^3.Ningxia Forestry Survey and Planning Institute，Yinchuan 750010，China
^4.Ningxia Qixin Seed Industry Co. ，Ltd. ，Ningxia Zhongwei 755102，China
^5.Ningxia Goji Industry Development Center，Yinchuan 750000，China

Received:2024-03-14 Accepted:2024-04-21 Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-13
Contact: Jun YAO,Wenzheng ZHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

授粉不足是导致枸杞落花落果的直接原因之一，为了解枸杞的生殖生物学特点，以‘宁杞10号’为研究材料，测定其花期不同阶段的花部色态、柱头可授性和花粉活力等开花特性及泌蜜规律，并对其常见传粉昆虫的单次访花时长、柱头花粉沉降数等传粉特征进行分析。结果表明，在开花后12~24 h，花瓣颜色变为浅紫色和白紫色时，柱头可授性、花粉活力和泌蜜量均最高，相比其他几个阶段差异显著（P<0.05）。常见传粉昆虫单次访花后的柱头花粉沉降数（螟蛾>蜜蜂>无垫蜂）与自然传粉相比差异显著，蜜蜂对紫色花的访花时长均值为4.1 s，与对黄色花的访花时长（均值为1.7 s）相比差异极显著（P<0.01）；从整体效率和传粉昆虫访问数量而言，建议引入传粉昆虫（如蜜蜂）以加强枸杞辅助授粉，提高枸杞的坐果结实率。研究结果为制定枸杞辅助授粉措施提供科学依据。

关键词: 宁夏枸杞, 柱头可授性, 花粉活力, 泌蜜规律, 访花时长, 单次传粉量

Abstract:

Insufficient pollination is one of the direct causes of flower and fruit drop in goji berries. Aiming to determine the flowering characteristics， ‘Ningqi 10’ was taking as material to analyze flowering period， including flower color， stigma receptivity， pollen vitality， and nectar secretion at different stages. The study also analyzed the pollination characteristics of common pollinating insects， such as the duration of a single visit to flowers and the number of pollen deposition on the stigma. The results showed that during 12~24 h after flowering and the petal color changed to light purple and white purple， the stigma receptivity， pollen vitality， and nectar secretion were the highest， with significant differences （P<0.05） compared to other stages. The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit （moths>bees>non cushioned bees） showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. The average duration of bees visiting purple flowers was 4.1 s， and the difference was extremely significant （P<0.01） compared to the duration of bees visiting yellow flowers （average 1.7 s）. The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit to flowers （moths>bees>non cushioned bees） showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. However， in terms of overall efficiency and the number of pollinating insect visits， it was recommended to introduce pollinating insects （such as bees） to enhance the assisted pollination of goji berries and improve the fruit setting and seed setting of ‘Ningqi 10’. The research results provided scientific basis for the development of assisted pollination measures for goji berries.

Key words: Ningxia goji berries, stigma receptivity, pollen vitality, regularity of nectar secretion, visiting flower duration, single pollination rate

中图分类号:

S663

万云星, 闫自杨, 姚军, 郭立明, 朱金忠, 唐建宁, 乔彩云, 匡海鸥, 龚雪阳, 岳丹, 赵文正. 枸杞开花生物学及传粉特征研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(9): 34-43.

Yunxing WAN, Ziyang YAN, Jun YAO, Liming GUO, Jinzhong ZHU, Jianning TANG, Caiyun QIAO, Haiou KUANG, Xueyang GONG, Dan YUE, Wenzheng ZHAO. Study on the Flowering Biology and Pollination Characteristics of Goji Berries[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(9): 34-43.

图/表 6

表1 花期不同阶段的花部色态描述

Table 1 Description of flower color states at different stages of flowering period

花瓣展开时间

Petal unfolding time/h

主要特征Main characteristics

花瓣Petal

花药Anther

柱头Stigma

紫色，展开

Purple， unfolding

浅黄色，未开裂

Light yellow， not cracked

浅绿色，部分显露

Light green， partially exposed

浅紫色，展开

Light purple， unfolding

浅黄色，开裂

Light yellow， cracked

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

白紫色，向下弯曲

White purple， bend downwards

浅黄色，开裂

Light yellow， cracked

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

浅黄色，向下弯曲

Light yellow， bend downwards

浅黄色，开裂

Light yellow， cracked

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

黄褐色，向下弯曲

Yellow brown， bend downwards

褐化，开裂

Browning， cracking

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

浅褐色，大幅度向下弯曲

Light brown， significant downward bending

褐化，开裂

Browning， cracking，

褐化，向下弯曲

Browning， downward bending

褐色，大幅度向下弯曲

Brown， significant downward bending

褐化，开裂

Browning， cracking，

褐化，开始脱落

Browning， beginning to fall off

图1 花期不同阶段的花部色态、柱头可授性及花粉活力比较A：不同发育阶段的花部色态变化；B：不同发育阶段的柱头可授性变化；C：不同发育阶段培养基培养法下的花粉活力变化；D：不同发育阶段TTC培养法下的花粉活力变化

Fig. 1 Comparison of flower color， stigma receptivity， and pollen vitality at different flowering stagesA： Changes in flower color at different developmental stages； B： Changes in stigma acceptability at different developmental stages； C： Changes in pollen vitality under different developmental stages of medium culture methods； D： Changes in pollen viability under TTC culture at different developmental stages.

图2 花期不同阶段的柱头可授性及花粉活力注：不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig. 2 Stigma receptivity and pollen vitality at different flowering stagesNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences （P<0.05）.

图3 花期不同阶段的枸杞花的泌蜜规律A:不同时刻的不同花期阶段枸杞花泌蜜量，B:不同时刻的不同花期阶段枸杞花蜜含糖量；不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05)；开花后72 h泌蜜量为0，未测花蜜含糖量

Fig. 3 Honey secretion patterns of goji berries at different flowering stagesA: Amount of honey secreted by goji berries at different flowering stages at different times; B: Sugar content of goji berry honey at different flowering stages at different times. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05); at 72 h after flowering, the nectar secretion is 0, so the sugar content of the nectar was not measured

图4 蜜蜂访问不同花色的单次访花时长比较注：**表示P<0.01水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Comparison of the duration of a single visit by bees to different flower colorsNote： ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level.

图5 不同传粉者单次访花后柱头花粉沉降数比较注：**表示P<0.01水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Comparison of stigma pollen deposition number after single visit by different pollinatorsNote： ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level.

参考文献 30

1	杨云峰,王光明,侯祥英,等.我国枸杞育种与栽培研究进展[J].农业科技通讯, 2019(8):72-74.
2	张唯.宁夏现代枸杞产业向价值链中高端发力[N].宁夏日报,2023-06-25(001).
3	张国凤.宁夏枸杞新品种选育取得重要成果[N].农民日报,2022-11-18(006).
4	祁伟,郭玉琴,乔彩云,等.枸杞新品种‘宁杞10号’的选育[J].果树资源学报,2021,2(1):83-86.
	QI W, GUO Y Q, QIAO C Y, et al.. Breeding of new wolfberry cultivar ‘Ningqi 10’ [J]. J. Fruit Tree Resour., 2021, 2(1):83-86.
5	刘磊.果树人工辅助授粉技术探析[J].现代农业科技,2021,(15):94-95.
6	KLEINL A M, VAISSIERE B E, CANE J H, et al.. Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops. [J]. Proc. Biol. Sci., 2007, 274(1608):303-313.
7	THOMSON J D. Pollination and floral ecology by pat willmer [J].Quarterly Rev. Biol., 2012, 87(2):162-163.
8	OHASHI K, MAKINO T T, ARIKAWA K. Floral colour change in the eyes of pollinators: testing possible constraints and correlated evolution [J]. Funct. Ecol., 2015, 29(9):1144-1155.
9	余小芳,张海琴,蒋天仪,等. 鸢尾属5种植物的花粉活力及柱头可授性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(10):1204-1206.
	YU X F, ZHANG H Q, JIANG T Y, et al.. Study on pollen viability and stigma receptivity of 5 lris plants [J]. China J. Chin. Med. Medica, 2009,34(10):1204-1206.
10	秦垦,王兵,焦恩宁,等.宁夏枸杞繁育系统初步研究[J].广西植物,2009(5):587-591, 606.
	QIN K, WANG B, JIAO E N, et al.. Preliminary study on the breeding system of Lycium barbarum [J]. Guihaia, 2009(5):587-591, 606.
11	王娅丽,王锦秀,常红宇,等.枸杞新品系NQ-2开花生物学研究[J].植物研究,2011,(3):330-335.
	WANG Y L, WANG J X, CHANG H Y, et al.. Flowering biology of Lycium barbarum L. NQ-2 [J]. Bull. Bot. Res., 2011,(3): 330-335.
12	张波,秦垦,黄婷,等.宁夏枸杞花粉活力及柱头可授性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2022,61(19):83-86.
	ZHANG B, QIN K, HUANG T, et al.. Study on pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Lycium barbarum [J]. Hubei Agric. Sci., 2022,61(19):83-86.
13	郑昀晔,索文龙,马文广,等.不同花期花粉授粉对烟草授粉效果和种子质量的影响[J].安徽农业学,2012,40(26):12795-12796, 12902.
	ZHENG Y Y, SUO W L, MA W G, et al.. Effects of pollination at different flowering stages on the tobacco pollination and seed quality [J]. J. Anhui Agric. Sci., 2012,40(26):12795-12796, 12902.
14	WASER N M, MITCHELL R J. Nectar standing crops in Delphinium nelsonii flowers: spatial autocorrelation among plants? [J]. Ecology, 1990, 71(1):116-123.
15	TAN K, LATTY T, HU Z, et al.. Preferences and tradeoffs in nectar temperature and nectar concentration in the asian hive bee Apis cerana [J]. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 2014,68(1):13-20.
16	刘林德,王仲礼,田国伟,等.刺五加传粉生物学研究[J]. 植物分类学报,1998,36(1):19~27.
	LIU L D, WANG Z L, TIAN G W, et al.. The pollination biology of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)[J]. J. Syst. Evol., 1998, 36(1):19-27.
17	ELA M A O, ALA M, FOHOUO F T, et al.. The importance of a single floral visit of Eucara macrognatha and Tetralonia fraterna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the pollination and the yields of Abelmoschus esculentus in maroua, Cameroon [J]. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 2012,7(18):2853-2857.
18	赵东绪,陈道印,江丽,等.不同蜂种授粉对‘金茶1号’茶叶籽传粉效率与果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2022, 38 (20): 138-142.
	ZHAO D X, CHEN D Y, JIANG L, et al.. The pollination efficiency and tea seed quality of ‘Jincha No.1’ with different bee species [J]. Chin. Agric. Bull., 2022, 38 (20): 138-142.
19	DAG A, GAZIT S, EISENSTEIN D, et al.. Effect of the male parent on pericarp and scedweights in several floridian mango cultivars [J]. Sci. Hortic., 1999, 82(3-4): 325-329.
20	DAFNI A. Pollination Ecology:A Practical Approach [M].New York: Oxford University Press,1992:256.
21	NAVARRO L. Reproductive biology of Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. vulgaris (fabaceae) in northwestern Iberian Peninsula [J]. Nordic J. Bot., 1999, 19(3):281-287.
22	韦援教,曹有龙,秦垦,等.宁夏枸杞花粉活力测定方法比较研究[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(2):360-362.
23	HONG C C, ZHI J W. Larger bees facilitate the deposition of oil seed rape pollen (Brassica napus L.) [J]. J. Asia-Pacific Entomol., 2023,(4):1226-8615.
24	曾拓,李伽文,周黎,等.观赏植物花色与授粉昆虫相互适应关系的研究进展[J].园艺学报,2021,48(10):2001-2017.
	ZENG T, LI J W, ZHOU L, et al.. Advances in the mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between flower colors and the pollinators of ornamental plants [J]. Acta Hortic. Sin., 2021,48(10):2001-2017.
25	DYER A, JENTSCH A, BURD M, et al.. Fragmentary blue: resolving the rarity paradox in flower colors [J/OL]. Front. Plant Sci., 2021,11:618203 [2024-05-10]. .
26	罗术东,王彪,褚忠桥,等.宁南固原枸杞开花生物学特性[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(10):150-156.
	LUO S D, WANG B, CHU Z Q, et al.. Flowering biological characteristics of Lycium barbarum in Guyuan, Ningxia hui autonomous region [J]. Acta Agric. Boreali-occident. Sin., 2011, 20(10):150-156.
27	BIELESKI R L, REDGWELL R J. Sorbitol metabolism in nectaries from flowers of rosaceae [J]. Funct. Plant Biol., 1980, 7(1): 15-25.
28	SHMIDA A, KADMON R. Within-plant patchiness in nectar standing crop in anchusastrigosa [J]. Plant Ecol., 1991, 94(2): 95-99..
29	PERRET M, CHAUTEMS HAUTEMS A, SPICHIGER R, et al.. Nectar sugar composition in relation to pollination syndromes in Sinningieae (Gesneriaceae) [J]. Ann. Bot., 2001,87(2):267-273.
30	LORD E M, RUSSELL S D. The mechanisms of pollination and fertilization in plants [J]. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol., 2002, 18(1):81-105.

枸杞开花生物学及传粉特征研究

Study on the Flowering Biology and Pollination Characteristics of Goji Berries

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 6

参考文献 30

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics