麦秆还田对直播和移栽棉花产量及氮素吸收的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0964

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 122-131.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0964

麦秆还田对直播和移栽棉花产量及氮素吸收的影响

张旭1,何俊峰1,陈佛文1,李继福1*,吴启侠1,谭京红1,邹家龙2

1.长江大学农学院, 湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心, 湖北荆州 434025;
2.荆州市荆州区农技推广中心, 湖北荆州 434025

收稿日期:2019-11-19 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2020-02-22
通讯作者: 李继福 E-mail：jifuli@yangtzeu.edu.cn
作者简介:张旭 E-mail：279274313@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0201900）；
农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室开放基金项目（KLFAW201901）

Influences of Wheat Straw Returning on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Direct-Seeding and Transplanting Cotton

ZHANG Xu1, HE Junfeng1, CHEN Fowen1, LI Jifu1*, WU Qixia1, Tan Jinghong1, ZOU Jialong2

1.Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education; College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei Jingzhou 434025, China;
2.Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center of Jingzhou District, Hubei Jingzhou 434025, China

Received:2019-11-19 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2020-02-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确长江流域棉区植棉对麦秆还田的响应及其对麦秆中氮素的吸收利用效果，采用田间试验，设置棉花直播冬小麦秸秆不还田（D-S）、棉花直播冬小麦秸秆还田（D+S）、棉花移栽冬小麦秸秆不还田（P-S）和棉花移栽冬小麦秸秆还田（P+S）4个处理。利用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术研究麦秆还田对直播和移栽棉花的产量、生物量、氮素吸收及秸秆氮利用率的影响。结果显示，麦秆还田可不同程度地增加直播和移栽棉花的产量、秸秆生物量和根系生物量。直播条件下，麦秆还田后棉花籽棉产量、叶片、茎秆、棉壳和根系生物量的增幅分别为7.8%、3.7%、4.6%、3.4%和14.6%；移栽条件下，麦秆还田后棉花产量及各部位生物量的增幅分别为5.9%、5.2%、5.6%、7.4%和7.9%。从棉花生物量和产量来看，各处理均表现为P+S>P-S>D+S>D-S。收获期，与麦秆不还田相比，麦秆还田后直播和移栽棉花的根系数、果枝数、叶片数、叶片SPAD、单株铃数和单铃重均有明显增加，而株高、根茎粗和衣分的差异并不显著。与D-S处理相比，D+S、P-S和P+S处理的棉株氮素吸收量分别增加14.4、34.6和51.1 kg·hm^-2，增幅达到9.0%、21.8%和32.2%。表观法和¹⁵N示踪法得出棉花季麦秆氮素的平均回收率分别为22.3%和11.5%，且移栽棉花对麦秆氮素的利用率高于直播棉花，表明棉花季大部分小麦秸秆氮素残留在土壤中。因此，在长江流域麦-棉轮作区，积极开展麦秆还田技术可增加直播、移栽棉花的产量和棉株氮素吸收，并减少化学氮肥施用，从而提高秸秆氮素养分的循环利用效率。研究可为作物秸秆资源利用和棉花季氮肥科学减量施用提供参考依据。

关键词: 棉花, 麦秆还田, 氮素吸收, 产量, 种植方式

Abstract: In order to investigate the response of cotton to wheat straw returning and the nitrogen absorption efficiency of cotton from wheat straw, field experiments were carried out in 2018, and 4 treatments were set, including direct-seeding cotton without wheat straw returning (D-S), direct-seeding cotton with wheat straw returning (D+S), transplanting cotton without wheat straw returning (P-S), transplanting cotton with wheat straw returning (P+S). ¹⁵N isotope tracer technique was used to study dry matter content, yield, nitrogen uptake and straw nitrogen (N) uptake of direct-seeding cotton (+D) and transplanting cotton (+P) by wheat straw returning (+S). The results showed that the yield, straw biomass and root biomass of direct-seeding and transplanting cotton were increased by returning wheat straw to the field. Under direct-seeding conditions, the yield and dry weight of cotton leaves, stems, husks and roots of treatment D+S were higher than those in treatment D-S by 7.8%, 3.7%, 4.6%, 3.4% and 14.6%, respectively, and the dry weights of cotton leaves, stems, husks and roots in treatment P+S were higher than those in treatment P-S by 5.9%, 5.2%, 5.6%, 7.4% and 7.9%, respectively. Judging from the biomass and yield of cotton, all treatments were as following: P+S>P-S>D+S>D-S. In the harvest period, the root coefficient, number of fruit branches, number of leaves, leaf SPAD, number of bolls per plant and weight of single boll of direct seeding and transplanting cotton in straw returning treatments were significantly higher than those in treatments without straw returning, while there were no significant differences in plant height, root thickness and lint percentage between treatments. Compared with D-S treatment, nitrogen uptake contents of cotton plants in treatments D+S, P-S and P+S were increased by 14.4, 34.6 and 51.1 kg·hm^-2, the increasing rates were up to 9.0%, 21.8% and 32.2%, respectively. Apparent method and ¹⁵N tracer method showed that the average recovery rate of straw-N in cotton season was 22.3% and 11.5%, respectively, and the N utilization rate of transplanted cotton was higher than that of direct-seeding cotton, where most of the wheat straw N was remained in soil during cotton season. Therefore, in the wheat-cotton rotation area of the Yangtze River Basin, active application of straw returning technology could increase the yield and N uptake of direct-seeding and transplanting cotton, reduce the application of chemical N fertilizer, thus improve the recycling efficiency of straw-N. The present research could provide reference basis for the utilization of crop straw resources and scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer reduction in cotton season.

Key words: cotton, wheat straw returning, N uptake, yield, planting pattern

张旭1,何俊峰1,陈佛文1,李继福1*,吴启侠1,谭京红1,邹家龙2. 麦秆还田对直播和移栽棉花产量及氮素吸收的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(3): 122-131.

ZHANG Xu1, HE Junfeng1, CHEN Fowen1, LI Jifu1*, WU Qixia1, Tan Jinghong1, ZOU Jialong2. Influences of Wheat Straw Returning on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Direct-Seeding and Transplanting Cotton[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 23(3): 122-131.

[1]	黄渝岚§, 龙盛风§, 叶兴枝, 李艳英, 申章佑, 周佳, 周灵芝, 劳承英, 韦本辉. 木薯在湖北恩施的农艺性状及产量品质研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 46-55.
[2]	孙梦遥, 徐岚俊, 李小龙, 李传友, 陈华, 张传帅, 刘婞韬. 不同节水方式对油菜水分利用、分配及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 138-143.
[3]	李生梅, 张大伟, 迪丽拜尔·迪力买买提, 魏鑫, 芮存, 杨涛, 耿世伟, 高文伟. 减量灌溉对转ScALDH21基因棉花农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 152-159.
[4]	李成晨, 索海翠, 罗焕明, 安康, 刘计涛, 王丽, 单建伟, 杨少海, 李小波. 化肥减施和施肥方式对马铃薯产量和块茎氮素积累的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(9): 173-182.
[5]	吴子帅, 李虎, 黄秋要, 陈传华, 罗群昌, 周新明, 吴佳桔, 刘广林. 施氮量和栽插密度对桂育11号产量和稻米品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(8): 154-162.
[6]	翁文安, 程爽, 李绍平, 田晋钰, 陶钰, 胡群, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 邢志鹏, 张洪程. 氮肥一次性基施对不同成穗方式下直播常规粳稻产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(8): 163-172.
[7]	朱利霞, 陈居田, 徐思薇, 陈如冰, 李俐俐. 生物炭施用下土壤微生物量碳氮的动态变化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(8): 193-200.
[8]	坚天才, 康建宏, 吴宏亮, 刘根红, 高娣, 马雪莹, 李鑫. 氮素缓解春小麦花后高温早衰的抗氧化特性研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 33-44.
[9]	周旋, 康兴蓉, 彭建伟, 杨相东, 钟雪梅, 胡文峰, 龙俊佑. 聚氨酯包膜氮肥减施对双季早稻生长、产量及经济效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 153-161.
[10]	罗友谊, 王慰亲, 郑华斌, 刘功义, 巢英, 徐彩, 郑志刚, 李雪倩, 韦银兰, 唐启源. 不同机械有序种植方式对水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 162-171.
[11]	齐欣, 司玉坤, 赵亚南, 黄玉芳, 闫军营, 孙笑梅, 叶优良. 不同氮肥在不同土壤中对小麦氮素利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 172-181.
[12]	于显枫, 张绪成, 缪平贵, 方彦杰, 马一凡, 王红丽, 侯慧芝. 深施肥对立式深旋耕马铃薯水分利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(7): 182-190.
[13]	姜树坤, 王立志, 杨贤莉, 迟力勇, 李忠杰, 李明贤, 张喜娟, 赵茜, 李锐, 姜辉, 李文华. 不同生育时期增温对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(6): 130-139.
[14]	石丽红, 唐海明, 肖小平, 李超, 刘曲, 程爱武, 程凯凯, 李微艳, 文丽. 双季稻区长期秸秆还田配施化肥对大麦生理特性与产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(5): 143-152.
[15]	张宇杰, 郭平毅, 郭美俊, 周浩, 原向阳, 董淑琦, 王玉国. 外源硒矿粉对谷子保护酶活性、产量和籽粒中硒含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(5): 153-159.

麦秆还田对直播和移栽棉花产量及氮素吸收的影响

Influences of Wheat Straw Returning on the Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Direct-Seeding and Transplanting Cotton

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics