南方红壤侵蚀流域不同情景措施的减沙效应模拟

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0261

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示南方红壤侵蚀流域不同情景措施的减沙效应，实现区域可持续发展，采用SWAT（soil and water assessment tool）模型模拟方法，以南方典型花岗岩红壤侵蚀流域——福建长汀朱溪流域为研究区域，在模拟该流域产流产沙状况的基础上，通过不同水土保持措施和不同土地利用方式调整的情景设置，量化分析不同情景措施对该流域的减沙效应。结果表明，SWAT模型的模拟效果能达到模型要求的精度，2013—2017年朱溪流域年均径流量和年均泥沙量分别为4.793×10⁷ m³和1.037×10⁷ kg。乔灌草混交和全坡面种草措施能有效提高植被覆盖度，减沙效果优越；不同土地利用方式下模拟得到朱溪流域单位面积年均减沙率为3.49%。以上研究结果可为红壤侵蚀流域泥沙阻控的生态恢复措施提供决策参考。

关键词: SWAT模型, 产沙模拟, 水土保持措施, 土地利用, 红壤侵蚀流域

Abstract:

In order to reveal the sediment reduction effect of different scenario measures in southern red soil erosion watershed and realize regional sustainable development， a typical granite red soil erosion watershed in southern China （Zhuxi watershed， Chiangting， Fujian） was selected as the study area. Based on the soil and water assessment tool（SWAT）model， the sediment production and drainage conditions in the watershed were simulated， and the sediment reduction effects of different scenarios were quantified through different soil and water conservation measures and different land use adjustment scenarios. The results showed that the simulation reached the precision level required by the SWAT model and the average annual runoff volume and amount of sediment in the Zhuxi watershed from 2013 to 2017 were 4.793×10⁷ m³ and 1.037×10⁷ kg， respectively. Under scenarios simulation， the“compound”measure of mixed tree， shrub and grass and the measure of grassing the whole slope could improve the vegetation coverage and reduce the sediment loss more effectively. Moreover， the average annual sediment reduction rate per unit area reached 3.49% under different land use modes. Above results could provide reference for the ecological restoration measures of sediment control in red soil erosion watershed.

Key words: SWAT model, sediment simulation, soil and water conservation measures, land use, red soil erosion watershed

中图分类号:

S154.1

梁美霞, 章鑫强, 林炳青. 南方红壤侵蚀流域不同情景措施的减沙效应模拟[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(10): 177-185.

Meixia LIANG, Xinqiang ZHANG, Bingqing LIN. Simulation of Sediment Reduction Effect Under Different Scenarios in Red Soil Erosion Watershed in South China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(10): 177-185.

图/表 9

图1 2013—2017年模型月均流量率定期和验证期的模拟效果

Fig. 1 Calibration and validation results of monthly runoff from 2013 to 2017

图2 2013—2017模型率定期和验证期的月均泥沙实测值与模拟值

Fig. 2 Calibration and validation results of monthly sediment from 2013 to 2017

图3 2013—2017年朱溪流域月均流量和月均泥沙量模拟值

Fig. 3 Simulation of average monthly flow and average monthly sediment in the Zhuxi watershed from 2013 to 2017

图4 2013—2017年朱溪流域月降水量

Fig. 4 Monthly precipitation in Zhuxi watershed from 2013 to 2017

表1 2013—2017年不同水土保持措施径流小区的植被覆盖度与C值

Table 1 Vegetation coverage and C value of runoff plots under different soil and water conservation measures from 2013 to 2017

径流小区Runoff plot	植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage/%						C值 C value
径流小区Runoff plot	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	平均值Average value	C值 C value
裸地Bare area	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.71	0.85	0.31	0.830
全坡面种草 Grass the whole slope	85.00	85.80	90.00	70.08	74.00	80.98	0.000
果园改造 Orchard renovation	85.00	68.10	70.00	62.75	62.88	69.75	0.020
乔草混交 Mixed tree and grass	90.00	48.30	50.00	65.58	64.58	63.69	0.030
乔灌草混交 Mixed tree， shrub and grass	90.00	68.40	70.00	77.90	77.30	76.72	0.003
纯乔木林Pure forest	85.00	58.90	60.00	71.20	68.90	68.80	0.020

表2 2007—2017年不同水土保持措施下土壤流失量与P值

Table 2 Soil loss and P value under different soil and water conservation measures from 2007 to 2017

年份 Year	裸地 Bare area	全坡面种草 Grass the whole slope	果园改造 Orchard renovation	乔草混交 Mixed tree and grass	乔灌草混交 Mixed tree， shrub and grass	纯乔木林 Pure forest
2007	172.42	55.27	110.52	76.42	57.11	128.09
2008	119.93	17.11	48.76	7.84	5.55	48.81
2009	115.67	15.18	35.50	14.48	6.97	26.00
2010	106.71	10.07	16.59	6.32	4.05	17.25
2012	136.10	0.29	5.22	－	－	－
2013	74.60	－	－	－	－	－
2014	30.96	0.47	1.60	4.15	1.11	2.56
2015	43.34	0.76	0.68	0.99	0.64	0.84
2016	113.42	0.93	0.51	0.60	0.27	0.53
2017	21.90	0.32	0.20	0.23	0.13	0.20
平均值 Average value	93.51	10.04	21.96	11.10	7.58	22.43
P值P value	1.00	0.11	0.24	0.12	0.08	0.24

图5 不同水土保持措施下朱溪流域单位面积年均产沙量

Fig. 5 Average annual sediment yield of the per-unit area in Zhuxi watershed under different soil and water conservation measures

表3 2007和2017年不同土地利用面积比例 (%)

Table 3 Area percentage of different land use types in 2007 and 2017

年份Year

耕地

Farmland

园地

Garden

林地

Woodland

草地

Grassland

居民点及工矿用地

Residential and industrial land

交通用地

Traffic utilization

水域

Water

未利用地Unused

land

图6 不同年份不同土地利用方式下的朱溪流域单位面积年均产沙量

Fig. 6 Average annual sediment yield of per-unit area in Zhuxi watershed under different land use patterns in different years

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