老化棉秆炭对土壤性质和小麦氮肥利用的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0803

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 184-191.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0803

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

老化棉秆炭对土壤性质和小麦氮肥利用的影响

林玲¹^,²(), 朱玉洁¹, 冯雷³, 唐光木¹, 张云舒¹, 徐万里¹

^1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 农业农村部盐碱地改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091
^2.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站, 新疆拜城 842300
^3.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-09-20 接受日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-14
通讯作者: 徐万里
作者简介:林玲E-mail：1041782931@qq.com；
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02007-5)

Effects of Aged Cotton Straw Biochars on Soil Properties and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat

Ling LIN¹^,²(), Yujie ZHU¹, Lei FENG³, Guangmu TANG¹, Yunshu ZHANG¹, Wanli XU¹

^1.Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization （Saline-alkali Land in Arid and Semi-arid Regions） of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Research Institute of Soil，Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830091，China
^2.Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Xinjiang Baicheng 842300，China
^3.College of Resources and Environment，Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830052，China

Received:2022-09-20 Accepted:2023-12-22 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-14
Contact: Wanli XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同老化棉秆炭（冻融老化、干湿老化、柠檬酸老化）对土壤性质、小麦氮肥利用效率的影响，设置不施氮、低氮（200 mg·kg^-1）、高氮（400 mg·kg^-1）3个施氮水平和不添加棉秆炭（B0）、添加新鲜棉秆炭（BC）、添加干湿老化棉秆炭（DB）、添加冻融老化棉秆炭（EB）、添加柠檬酸老化棉秆炭（CB）5个棉秆炭处理，分析小麦干物质量及氮素吸收量、土壤理化性质的变化。结果表明，与未添加棉秆炭处理相比，不同施氮水平下老化棉秆炭处理的土壤有机质含量显著增加、电导率无显著差异，冻融循环和干湿交替老化棉秆炭处理的土壤pH显著增加，柠檬酸老化和冻融循环老化棉秆炭处理的土壤全氮含量显著增加；与新鲜棉秆炭处理相比，不同施氮水平下柠檬酸老化棉秆炭处理的土壤全氮和有机质含量显著增加，土壤pH显著降低。低量施氮时不同处理小麦干物质量、氮素累积吸收量、氮肥吸收效率和氮肥表观利用率最高，柠檬酸老化棉秆炭与低量氮肥配施小麦氮肥吸收量较高，氮肥吸收效率和氮肥表观利用率分别为68.27%和46.69%。综上可知，柠檬酸老化棉秆炭的添加有利于土壤氮素的固持，可以增加土壤氮素和有机质含量，减弱对土壤pH和电导率的提升效果，在低量施氮时作物氮素吸收利用效果较好。以上结果为棉秆炭的长期应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 棉秆炭, 老化, 氮肥利用

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different aged cotton straw biochars （freeze-thaw aged， dry-wet aged， citric acid aged） on soil properties and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat，3 nitrogen fertilizer levels including no nitrogen， low nitrogen （200 mg·kg^-1） and high nitrogen （400 mg·kg^-1）， and 5 cotton straw biochars levels including add no cotton straw biochars （B0）， add fresh cotton straw biochars （BC）， add dry-wet aged cotton straw biochars （DB）， add freeze-thaw aged cotton straw biochars （EB）， add citric acid aged cotton straw biochars （CB） were set， and the wheat dry matter mass， nitrogen uptake and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that， compared with no cotton straw biochars， aged cotton straw biochars at different nitrogen application levels could increased soil organic matter content， and electrical conductivity was no significant difference，freeze-thaw and dry-wet aged cotton straw biochars treatments significantly increased soil pH， citric acid and freeze-thaw aged cotton straw biochars treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen content. Compared with the fresh cotton straw biochars treatment， citric acid aged cotton straw biochar treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents and significantly decreased soil pH. Dry matter mass， cumulative nitrogen absorption， nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen apparent utilization rate were the highest in different treatments of low nitrogen application. The nitrogen absorption rate and nitrogen apparent utilization rate of wheat combined with citric acid aged cotton stalk carbon and low nitrogen fertilizer were higher， reaching 68.27% and 46.69%， respectively. In summary， the addition of aged cotton stalk biochars with citric acid was beneficial to soil nitrogen retention， could increase soil nitrogen and organic matter content， and weaken the effect of increasing soil pH and electrical conductivity， and the effect of nitrogen uptake and utilization were better when nitrogen application was low， which provided a theoretical basis for the long-term application of cotton stalk biochar.

Key words: cotton straw biocharsl, aged, nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

S158

林玲, 朱玉洁, 冯雷, 唐光木, 张云舒, 徐万里. 老化棉秆炭对土壤性质和小麦氮肥利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(5): 184-191.

Ling LIN, Yujie ZHU, Lei FENG, Guangmu TANG, Yunshu ZHANG, Wanli XU. Effects of Aged Cotton Straw Biochars on Soil Properties and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(5): 184-191.

图/表 6

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项目 Item	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ （mS·cm^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/ （g·kg^-1）	比表面积 Specific surface area/（m²·g^-1）	总孔体积 Total pore volume/（cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径 Average pore diameter/nm
风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	8.43	0.31	0.37	7.54	—	—	—
新鲜棉秆炭 Fresh cotton straw biochar	10.30	8.08	7.73	—	17.76	0.030	6.83
干湿老化棉秆炭 Dry and wet aged cotton straw biochar	10.21	6.71	6.98	—	9.03	0.026	11.51
冻融老化棉秆炭 Freeze-thaw aged cotton straw biochar	10.29	7.75	6.50	—	10.22	0.028	11.32
柠檬酸老化棉秆炭 Citric acid aged cotton straw biochar	5.16	0.77	8.32	—	51.09	0.071	5.56

项目 Item	pH	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ （mS·cm^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/ （g·kg^-1）	比表面积 Specific surface area/（m²·g^-1）	总孔体积 Total pore volume/（cm³·g^-1）	平均孔径 Average pore diameter/nm
风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	8.43	0.31	0.37	7.54	—	—	—
新鲜棉秆炭 Fresh cotton straw biochar	10.30	8.08	7.73	—	17.76	0.030	6.83
干湿老化棉秆炭 Dry and wet aged cotton straw biochar	10.21	6.71	6.98	—	9.03	0.026	11.51
冻融老化棉秆炭 Freeze-thaw aged cotton straw biochar	10.29	7.75	6.50	—	10.22	0.028	11.32
柠檬酸老化棉秆炭 Citric acid aged cotton straw biochar	5.16	0.77	8.32	—	51.09	0.071	5.56

处理 Treatment		干物质量 Dry matter quality/g	氮素累积吸收量 Cumulative nitrogen uptake/mg	氮肥吸收效率 Nitrogen absorption efficiency/%	氮肥表观利用率 Nitrogen apparent efficiency/%
N₀	B0	8.46±0.28 b	129.5±5.78 a	—	—
	BC	10.11±0.50 a	135.6±16.5 a	—	—
	DB	9.42±0.58 a	145.5±9.15 a	—	—
	EB	9.42±0.44 a	146.8±9.13 a	—	—
	CB	8.49±0.58 b	131.5±2.23 a	—	—
N₂₀₀	B0	14.86±0.75 bc	374.9±48.70 a	62.48±8.12 a	40.89±8.12 a
	BC	16.34±0.47 a	405.6±39.00 a	67.61±6.50 a	46.02±6.50 a
	DB	16.47±1.77 a	375.4±30.13 a	62.56±5.17 a	40.98±5.17 a
	EB	15.07±0.83 b	392.7±23.51 a	65.45±3.92 a	43.87±3.91 a
	CB	15.12±0.33 b	409.6±19.70a	68.27±3.28 a	46.69±3.28 a
N₄₀₀	B0	13.75±0.44 a	367.4±18.20 a	30.62±1.51 a	19.83±1.51 a
	BC	12.77±0.31 ab	342.5±33.21 a	28.54±2.77 a	17.75±2.77 a
	DB	13.30±0.77 ab	364.1±31.78 a	30.17±2.65 a	19.38±2.65 a
	EB	11.55±1.08 c	351.9±35.93 a	29.16±2.99 a	18.34±3.92 a
	CB	12.45±0.48 bc	353.2±42.22 a	29.43±3.52 a	18.64±3.52 a

处理 Treatment		干物质量 Dry matter quality/g	氮素累积吸收量 Cumulative nitrogen uptake/mg	氮肥吸收效率 Nitrogen absorption efficiency/%	氮肥表观利用率 Nitrogen apparent efficiency/%
N₀	B0	8.46±0.28 b	129.5±5.78 a	—	—
	BC	10.11±0.50 a	135.6±16.5 a	—	—
	DB	9.42±0.58 a	145.5±9.15 a	—	—
	EB	9.42±0.44 a	146.8±9.13 a	—	—
	CB	8.49±0.58 b	131.5±2.23 a	—	—
N₂₀₀	B0	14.86±0.75 bc	374.9±48.70 a	62.48±8.12 a	40.89±8.12 a
	BC	16.34±0.47 a	405.6±39.00 a	67.61±6.50 a	46.02±6.50 a
	DB	16.47±1.77 a	375.4±30.13 a	62.56±5.17 a	40.98±5.17 a
	EB	15.07±0.83 b	392.7±23.51 a	65.45±3.92 a	43.87±3.91 a
	CB	15.12±0.33 b	409.6±19.70a	68.27±3.28 a	46.69±3.28 a
N₄₀₀	B0	13.75±0.44 a	367.4±18.20 a	30.62±1.51 a	19.83±1.51 a
	BC	12.77±0.31 ab	342.5±33.21 a	28.54±2.77 a	17.75±2.77 a
	DB	13.30±0.77 ab	364.1±31.78 a	30.17±2.65 a	19.38±2.65 a
	EB	11.55±1.08 c	351.9±35.93 a	29.16±2.99 a	18.34±3.92 a
	CB	12.45±0.48 bc	353.2±42.22 a	29.43±3.52 a	18.64±3.52 a

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Effects of Aged Cotton Straw Biochars on Soil Properties and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat

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