铧式犁农机田间作业过程机具功耗测评研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0251

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究铧式犁农机具作业过程中功耗的变化规律，利用柴油机台架数据和控制器局域网络（controller area network，CAN）数据进行插值，测量铧式犁农机具作业过程中柴油机的有效功率。通过拉力传感器和GPS仪测量铧式犁的功率；然后，固定耕作深度为23 cm，开展耕地速度为5.7、7.1和8.9 km·h^-1的田间试验；固定耕作速度为5.7 km·h^-1，开展耕地深度为20、23和26 cm的田间试验。结果表明，铧式犁农机的实际耕地速度围绕目标耕地速度出现较大波动，导致铧式犁机具功率、铧式犁机具功率占比、柴油机功率、整机油耗等参数均出现变动，其中，柴油机功率变动率达15.93%。随耕地速度升高和耕地深度增大，农机具和柴油机的功率均增大，铧式犁机具功率占比相对稳定；铧式犁机具功率占柴油机功率的56.24%~67.30%。研究结果可以为农机动力系统匹配、优化和农机具选型提供参考。

关键词: 拖拉机, 柴油机, 铧式犁, 功率

Abstract:

In order to study the power consumption of furrow plough in the agricultural machinery operation process， a method of interpolation using diesel engine bench data and controller area network（CAN） data was proposed to obtain the diesel engine power of the plough agricultural machinery for ploughing operations. The power of the plough was measured by the tension sensor and GPS instrument. Then， with fixed tillage depth of 23 cm， a field experiment was carried out with 3 types of target tillage speeds of 5.7， 7.1 and 8.9 km·h^-1. With fixed tillage speed of 5.7 km·h^-1， a field experiment was carried out with 3 types of tillage depths of 20， 23 and 26 cm. The results showed that the actual tillage speed of plough agricultural machinery fluctuated greatly around the target tillage speed， which caused the furrow plough power， the furrow plough power ratio， the diesel engine power， the fuel consumption and other performance parameters were changed， and the diesel engine power variation rate was up to 15.93%. With the increase of tillage speed and tillage depth， the power of the plough and diesel engine both increased， and the proportion of the power of the plough was relatively stable. The percentage of plow power to diesel engine power ranged from 56.24% to 67.30%. The results of this study were expected to provide a reference for the matching， optimization and selection of agricultural machinery power systems.

Key words: tractor, diesel engine, plough, power

中图分类号:

S222

唐琦军, 许祥, 任凯, 张大庆, 蒋蘋. 铧式犁农机田间作业过程机具功耗测评研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 129-137.

Qijun TANG, Xiang XU, Kai REN, Daqing ZHANG, Ping JIANG. Study on Power Consumption Evaluation of Plough Agricultural Machinery in Field Pperation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 129-137.

图/表 9

参考文献 24

1	邵雪冬, 杨子涵, 宋正河,等. 不同旋耕作业载荷下拖拉机动力输出传动系振动特性分析[J]. 农业机械学报, 2022, 53():332-339.
	SHAO X D, YANG Z H, SONG Z H, et al.. Analysis of influence of tractor rotary tillage load on power take-off driveline [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach., 2022, 53(S1):332-339.
2	杨子涵,宋正河,尹宜勇,等.基于POT模型的大功率拖拉机传动轴载荷时域外推方法[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(15):40-47.
	YANG Z H, SONG Z H, YIN Y Y, et al.. Time domain extrapolation method for load of drive shaft of high-power tractor based on POT model [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2019, 35(15): 40-47.
3	李淑艳,翟友邦,王小龙,等.基于核密度估计的拖拉机传动轴载荷外推方法[J].中国农业大学学报,2021,26(10):175-184.
	LI S Y, ZHAI Y B, WANG X L, et al.. An extrapolation method of tractor propeller shaft load based on kernel density estimation [J]. J. China Agric. Univ., 2021,26(10):175-184.
4	KIM Y S, KIM W S, BAEK S Y, et al.. Analysis of tillage depth and gear selection for mechanical load and fuel efficiency of an agricultural tractor using an agricultural field measuring system [J/OL]. Sensors, 2020, 20(9): 2450 [2023-03-03]. .
5	唐琦军,常宏博,蒋蘋,等.基于转矩模型的柴油机功率在线测试方法研究[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(): 571-578.
	TANG Q J, CHANG H B, JIANG P, et al.. Online measurement method of diesel engine power based on torque model [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach., 2020,51(S2):571-578.
6	陈济勤. 农业机器运用管理学[M]. 第二版. 北京:中国农业出版社, 1997:122-135.
7	RAJABI-VANDECHALI M, ABBASPOUR-FARD M H, ROHANI A. Development of a prediction model for estimating tractor engine torque based on soft computing and low cost sensors [J]. Measurement, 2018, 121: 83-95.
8	刘洪利,王熙. 基于CAN总线的拖拉机机组作业性能分析[J].农业机械学报,2016,47():30-34.
	LIU H L, WANG X. Analysis of tractor working performace based on CAN bus [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach., 2016,47(S1):30-34.
9	翟力欣,姬长英,丁启朔,等.耕作过程中土壤应力场分布的实验研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(1): 165-169, 173.
	ZHAI L X, JI C Y, DING Q S, et al.. Stress distribution of soil in the process of soil tillage based on the experiment [J]. J. Agric. Mechan. Res., 2014,36(1):165-169, 173.
10	MARI Irshad Ali. 铧式犁作用下的水田土壤三维形变及牵引力研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学,2014.
	MARI I A. Study of three dimensional soil deformation and draught forces on mouldboard plough [D]. Nanjing : Nanjing Agricultural University, 2014.
11	SLIMAŘÍK D, SEDLÁK P, DOSTÁL P. Draft sensor loading analysis [J]. Acta Univ. Agric. Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2014, 62(5): 1103-1108.
12	KEEN A, GHOLKAR M D, WARD J, et al.. Force measurement between a tractor and a three point linkage mounted cultivation implement [C]// Proceedings of the 10th International Agricultural Engineering Conference. Role of agricultural engineering in advent of changing global landscape. Asian Association for Agricultural Engineering, 2009.
13	SLIMAŘÍK D, DOSTÁL P, POLCAR A. Static testing of draft sensor for three point hitch dynamometer utilization [J]. Acta Univ. Agric. Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2015, 63: 835-839.
14	王禹,王玲,吕东晓,等.基于FDR阈值自动选取的拖拉机PTO转矩载荷谱外推[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(3):364-372.
	WANG Y, WANG L, LYU D X, et al.. Extrapolation of tractor PTO torque load spectrum based on automated threshold selection with FDR [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach.,2021,52(3):364-372.
15	翟新婷,张晓晨,江柱锦,等.基于混合分布的轮式装载机半轴载荷谱编制[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):78-84.
	ZHAI X T, ZHANG X C, JIANG Z J, et al.. Load spectrum compiling for wheel loader semi-axle based on mixed distribution [J].Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2018,34(8):78-84.
16	王玲,宗建华,王禹,等.基于最优分布拟合的拖拉机三点悬挂牵引力载荷谱编制与台架试验[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(2):41-49.
	WANG L, ZONG J H, WANG Y, et al.. Compilation and bench test of traction force load spectrum of tractor three-point hitch based on optimal distribution fitting [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2022,38(2):41-49.
17	CEROVİĆ V, MILKOVIĆ D, ALEKSANDAR G, et al.. 2D analytical model for evaluation of the forces in the three point hitch mechanism [J]. J. Agric. Sci., 2020, 26(3): 271-281.
18	CEROVIĆ V, MILKOVIĆ D, GRBOVIĆ A, et al.. Measurement of the stress state in the lower link of the three-point hitch mechanism [M]// Experimental and Numerical Investigations in Materials Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham, 2018: 112-121.
19	PORTEŠ P, BAUER F, ČUPERA J. Analysis of measured and computed force effects in tractor’s three-point linkage during tillage [C]//18th International Conference Engineering Mechanics 2012, 2012: 1033-1040.
20	PORTEŠ P, BAUER F, ČUPERA J. Laboratory-experimental verification of calculation of force effects in tractor’s three-point hitch acting on driving wheels [J]. Soil Tillage Res., 2013, 128: 81-90.
21	JEON H H, JUNG Y J, SIDDIQUE M A A, et al.. Development and validation of simulation model for three point-hitch during agricultural operation [C]//2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2019.
22	康云友, 张道林, 鹿秀凤,等. 玉米籽粒机械化直收技术与机具试验研究[J]. 农机化研究, 2019, 41(4):176-181.
	KANG Y Y, ZHANG D L, LU X F, et al.. Experimental study on mechanized directly harvesting technology and mechinery for corn grain [J]. J. Agric. Mechan. Res., 2019, 41(4):176-181.
23	刘明勇,胡成龙,谢柏林. 基于离散元法的铧式犁仿真优化分析及试验[J]. 浙江农业学报,2022,34(11):2542-2552.
	LIU M Y, HU C L, XIE B L. Simulation and optimization analysis and experiment of split plough based on discrete ele-ment method [J]. Acta Agric. Zhejiangensis, 2022,34(11):2542-2552.
24	张启森. 拖拉机驱动系统对其性能和油耗的影响及试验研究[J]. 农机化研究,2024,46(2):249-254, 259.
	ZHANG Q S. Effect of tractor drive system on its performance and fuel consumption and experimental study [J]. J. Agric. Mechan. Res., 2024,46(2):249-254, 259.

参数 Parameter	数值或类型 Value or type
整机质量Curb weight/kg	4 155
整车尺寸（长×宽×高） Overall vehicle size（length×width×hight）/mm	4 530×2 050×2 810
轮胎规格（前轮/后轮） Tire size （front/rear）	11.2-24/16.9-34
档位数（前进+倒退） Number of gears （forward+reverse）	16+8
驱动形式 Drive form	四轮驱动 Four-wheel drive
柴油机额定功率 Diesel engine rated power/kW	100
农机具 Agricultural implement	五铧犁 Five-share plough
挂接形式 Hook-up form	三点悬挂 Three-point suspension

参数 Parameter	数值或类型 Value or type
整机质量Curb weight/kg	4 155
整车尺寸（长×宽×高） Overall vehicle size（length×width×hight）/mm	4 530×2 050×2 810
轮胎规格（前轮/后轮） Tire size （front/rear）	11.2-24/16.9-34
档位数（前进+倒退） Number of gears （forward+reverse）	16+8
驱动形式 Drive form	四轮驱动 Four-wheel drive
柴油机额定功率 Diesel engine rated power/kW	100
农机具 Agricultural implement	五铧犁 Five-share plough
挂接形式 Hook-up form	三点悬挂 Three-point suspension

名称Name	型号Model	参数说明Parameter description
拉力传感器Tensile force sensor	NOS-C902	0~50 kN/0.5% FS
GPS仪 GPS instrument	Speedbox-RTK	0.05 km·h^-1
CAN总线分析仪CAN bus analyzer	Kvaser	波特率Baud rate 40~1 000 kb·s^-1
转速传感器Speed sensor	霍尔传感器Hall sensor	±0.1% FS
发动机台架Engine bench	电涡流测功机 Eddy current dynamometer	扭矩Torque：±0.5% FS 转速Rotational speed：±0.5 r·min^-1

名称Name	型号Model	参数说明Parameter description
拉力传感器Tensile force sensor	NOS-C902	0~50 kN/0.5% FS
GPS仪 GPS instrument	Speedbox-RTK	0.05 km·h^-1
CAN总线分析仪CAN bus analyzer	Kvaser	波特率Baud rate 40~1 000 kb·s^-1
转速传感器Speed sensor	霍尔传感器Hall sensor	±0.1% FS
发动机台架Engine bench	电涡流测功机 Eddy current dynamometer	扭矩Torque：±0.5% FS 转速Rotational speed：±0.5 r·min^-1

编号 Number	时间 Time/s	耕地速度 Tillage speed/ （km·h^-1）	铧犁功耗 Plough power/kW	柴油机功率 Diesel engine power/kW	铧犁功率比 Plough power ratio/%	油耗 Fuel mass flow/（kg·h^-1）
1	19.61~66.96	5.48	28.65	45.19	64.72	16.37
2	28.60~59.17	6.44	40.78	59.88	67.30	19.45
3	31.68~57.43	8.69	51.44	77.52	66.10	22.97
4	21.03~86.44	5.65	22.19	38.75	58.28	15.26
5	29.11~71.98	5.28	33.25	60.75	56.24	18.28