干燥参数对稻谷热风干燥速率及能耗的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0662

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对稻谷热风干燥过程中能量消耗高、干燥效率低的问题，以‘稻花香’稻谷为研究对象，测定各初始含水率下的稻谷在不同干燥参数下的干燥能耗和干燥效率，确定不同参数水平下的最优方案。多因素正交试验研究表明，对稻谷干燥速率的影响从强到弱为热风温度、热风风速、初始含水率。对单位干燥能耗的影响从强到弱为：热风温度、初始含水率、热风风速。最优的干燥参数为热风温度50 ℃、热风风速0.7 m·s^-1、初始含水率19%、干燥速率为5.28%·h^-1、干燥能耗为5 565.03 kJ·kg^-1。因此，优化干燥流程和干燥参数，既能提升干燥速率又可减少干燥能耗。

关键词: 稻谷, 热风干燥, 干燥速率, 能耗

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption and low drying efficiency in the hot air drying process of rice.， taking ‘Daohuaxiang’ rice as the research object， the drying energy consumption and drying efficiency of rice at different initial moisture contents under different drying parameters were measured to determine the optimal plan at different parameter levels. The multi factor orthogonal experimental study showed that the influence on the drying rate of rice ranges from strong to weak were hot air temperature， hot air speed， and initial moisture content， respectively. The impact on unit drying energy consumption ranges from strong to weak were hot air temperature， initial moisture content， and hot air speed， respectively. The optimal drying parameters were hot air temperature of 50 ℃， hot air wind speed of 0.7 m·s^-1， initial moisture content of 19%， drying rate of 5.28%·h^-1， and drying energy consumption of 5 565.03 kJ·kg^-1. Therefore， optimizing the drying process and drying parameters not only improved the drying rate but also reduced drying energy consumption.

Key words: rice, hot air drying, drying rate, energy consumption

中图分类号:

S226.6

钟国良, 万霖, 车刚, 唐浩, 曲天奇, 张骐麟. 干燥参数对稻谷热风干燥速率及能耗的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 95-103.

Guoliang ZHONG, Lin WAN, Gang CHE, Hao TANG, Tianqi QU, Qilin ZHANG. Influence of Drying Parameters on Hot Air Drying Rate and Energy Consumption of Rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 95-103.

图/表 14

图1 GHS-Ⅱ型薄层干燥试验台结构注：1—风机；2—风道；3—加热器；4—温度显示器；5—质量天平；6—干燥筒；7—干燥盘；8—支架；9—风速传感器；10—温度传感器；11—控制柜；12—数据采集系统。

Fig. 1 Structure of GHS-Ⅱ thin layer drying test benchNote： 1—Fan；2—Air duct； 3—Heater； 4—Temperature display； 5—Mass balance； 6—Drying cylinder； 7—Drying tray； 8—Support； 9—Wind speed sensor； 10—Temperature sensor； 11—Control cabinet； 12—Data collection system.

表1 三元二次回归正交试验因素编码

Table 1 Encoding of factors in ternary quadratic regression orthogonal experiment

序号 Serial number	水平 Level	X₁：热风温度 Wind temperature/℃	X₂：风速 Wind speed/（m·s^-1）	X₃：初始含水率 Initial water content/%
+γ	+1.682	50	0.8	23
1	+1	48	0.7	22
0	0	45	0.5	21
-1	-1	42	0.3	20
-γ	-1.682	40	0.2	19

图2 热风温度对干燥速率及单位干燥能耗的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of hot air temperature on drying rate and unit drying energy consumption

图3 热风风速对干燥速率及单位干燥能耗的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of hot air speed on drying rate and unit drying energy consumption

图4 初始含水率对干燥速率及单位干燥能耗的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of initial moisture content on drying rate and unit drying energy consumption

表2 二次回归正交旋转组合试验及结果

Table 2 Quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment and results

编号 Number	X₁：热风温度 Wind temperature/℃	X₂：风速 Wind speed/（m·s^-1）	X₃：初始含水率 Initial water content/%	Y₁ 干燥速率 Drying rate/（%·h^-1）	Y₂ 单位干燥能耗 Unit drying energy consumption/（kJ·kg^-1）
1	1	1	1	4.536	7 833.33
2	1	1	-1	5.184	7 472.22
3	1	-1	1	3.552	8 027.78
4	1	-1	-1	4.056	7 020
5	-1	1	1	3.648	6 111.11
6	-1	1	-1	4.32	6 027.78
7	-1	-1	1	3.144	6 166.67
8	-1	-1	-1	3.24	5 888.89
9	γ	0	0	5.28	6 972.22
10	-γ	0	0	3.31	6 750
11	0	γ	0	4.56	6 527.78
12	0	-γ	0	3.67	7 527.78
13	0	0	γ	4.652	6 844.44
14	0	0	-γ	4.032	5 394.44
15	0	0	0	4.94	6 972.22
16	0	0	0	4.344	7 000
17	0	0	0	4.44	7 966.67
18	0	0	0	4.56	6 944.44
19	0	0	0	4.28	7 138.89
20	0	0	0	4.416	6 972.22
21	0	0	0	4.9	7 138.89
22	0	0	0	4.248	7 427.78
23	0	0	0	4.052	6 772.22

表3 干燥速率回归模型系数显著性检验及方差分析

Table 3 Significance test and analysis of variance of drying rate regression model coefficient

参数 Parameter	系数 Coefficient	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	5.940 0	4.660 0	0.006 4
X₁	2.900 0	20.460 0	0.000 6
X₂	1.970 0	13.950 0	0.002 5
X₃	0.056 4	0.398 1	0.539 0
X₁X₂	0.034 8	0.246 2	0.628 1
X₁X₃	0.018 4	0.130 2	0.724 0
X₂X₃	0.064 8	0.457 8	0.510 5
X₁²	0.219 3	1.550 0	0.235 2
X₂²	0.521 3	3.680 0	0.077 2
X₃²	0.161 7	1.140 0	0.304 6
残差平方和 Sum of squared residuals	1.150 0
纯误差平方和 Sum of squares of pure errors	0.693 4
决定系数R²	0.763 4
校正决定系数Adj R²	0.599 5
预测决定系数Pre R²	-0.236 1
变异系数C.V./%	8.890 0

图5 热风温度和热风风速交互作用对干燥速率的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of the interaction between hot air temperature and hot air speed on drying rate

图6 热风温度和初始含水率交互作用对干燥速率的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of the interaction between hot air temperature and initial moisture content on drying rate

图7 热风风速和初始含水率交互作用对干燥速率的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of the interaction between hot air speed and initial moisture content on drying rate

表4 单位干燥能耗回归模型系数显著性检验及方差分析

Table 4 Significance test and analysis of variance for regression model coefficients of unit drying energy consumption

参数 Parameter	系数 Coefficient	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	6.507×10⁶	2.830 0	0.043 4
X₁	3.125×10⁶	12.240 0	0.003 9
X₂	1.316×10⁵	0.515 5	0.485 5
X₃	1.272×10⁶	4.980 0	0.043 8
X₁X₂	380 3.66	0.014 9	0.904 7
X₁X₃	1.270×10⁵	0.497 2	0.493 2
X₂X₃	884 35.36	0.346 4	0.566 3
X₁²	662 27.12	0.259 4	0.619 1
X₂²	504.25	0.002 0	0.965 2
X₃²	1.697×10⁶	6.65	0.022 9
残差平方和 Sum of squared residuals	2.304×10⁶
纯误差平方和 Sum of squares of pure errors	1.015×10⁶
决定系数R²	0.662 2
校正决定系数Adj R²	0.428 3
预测决定系数Pre R²	-0.915 3
变异系数CV/%	7.310 0

图8 热风温度和热风风速交互作用对单位干燥能耗的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of the interaction between hot air temperature and hot air wind speed on unit drying energy consumption

图9 热风温度和初始含水率交互作用对单位干燥能耗的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of the interaction between hot air temperature and initial moisture content on unit drying energy consumption

图10 热风风速和初始含水率交互作用对单位干燥能耗的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of the interaction between hot air speed and initial moisture content on unit drying energy consumption

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