玉米穗腐病病原菌新知镰孢的鉴定及其生物学特性分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.1020

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 145-151.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.1020

玉米穗腐病病原菌新知镰孢的鉴定及其生物学特性分析

孙华¹(), 郭宁², 郑晓娟², 石洁², 张立荣¹(), 闫红飞¹

^1.河北农业大学植物保护学院，河北省农作物病虫害生物防治技术创新中心，河北保定 071001
^2.河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所，农业农村部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心，河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2020-12-02 接受日期:2021-03-03 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2022-02-22
通讯作者: 张立荣
作者简介:孙华 E-mail：1550416593@qq.com；
基金资助:
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2019204040);现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)

Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Fusarium andiyazi Causing Maize Ear Rot

Hua SUN¹(), Ning GUO², Xiaojuan ZHENG², Jie SHI², Lirong ZHANG¹(), Hongfei YAN¹

^1.Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei Province，College of Plant Protection，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^2.Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs； Plant Protection Institute，Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，IPM Centre of Hebei Province，Hebei Baoding 071000，China

Received:2020-12-02 Accepted:2021-03-03 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-02-22
Contact: Lirong ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确引起玉米穗腐病病原菌的镰孢菌类型，采用形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法对病原菌进行鉴定，按照科赫氏法则（Koch's rule）对其进行致病性测定，并从最适碳源、氮源、培养温度、pH、光照和致死温度等方面分析其生物学特性。结果表明，玉米穗腐病的致病菌为新知镰孢（Fusarium andiyazi），菌丝生长最适碳源是可溶性淀粉，产孢最适碳源是半乳糖，最适氮源是酵母浸粉，生长温度范围为15～35 ℃，最适温度为30 ℃，菌丝生长和产孢的最适pH为7～12。菌株在任何光照条件下均能生长和产孢，其中连续光照条件促进分生孢子的产生。病原菌菌丝致死温度为65 ℃，孢子致死温度60 ℃。该结果为玉米穗腐病的防治和抗性品种选育提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米穗腐病, 新知镰孢, 生物学特性

Abstract:

In order to identify the Fusarium sp. causing maize ear rot， both morphological characteristics and molecular biology techniques were used to determine the pathogen， and the pathogenicity was conducted according to Koch's rule， and the biological characteristics of F. andiyazi were determined from the aspects of optimum carbon source， nitrogen source， culture temperature， pH， illumination and lethal temperature. The results showed that Fusarium andiyazi was the pathogen of maize ear rot. The optimum carbon sources for mycelial growth and sporulation of F. andiyazi were soluble starch and galactose， respectively， and the optimum nitrogen source was yeast powder， the growth temperature range was from 15 to 35 ℃， the optimal temperature was 30 ℃， the optimum pH was 7～12 for mycelium growth and sporulation. The strain of F. andiyazi could grow and spore under any light condition， and the continuous illumination had a stimulatory effect on sporulation. The lethal temperature of mycelia was 65 ℃， and the lethal temperature of conidia was 60 ℃. Above results provided theoretical basis for the control of corn ear rot and the breeding of resistant varieties.

Key words: maize ear rot, Fusarium andiyazi, biological characteristics

中图分类号:

S432

孙华, 郭宁, 郑晓娟, 石洁, 张立荣, 闫红飞. 玉米穗腐病病原菌新知镰孢的鉴定及其生物学特性分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(2): 145-151.

Hua SUN, Ning GUO, Xiaojuan ZHENG, Jie SHI, Lirong ZHANG, Hongfei YAN. Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Fusarium andiyazi Causing Maize Ear Rot[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(2): 145-151.

图/表 6

图1 病原菌形态特征

Fig. 1 Morphological characteristics of the pathogen

图2 菌株基于EF?1α序列的系统发育树

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of strains based on TEF?1α sequence

图3 病原菌引起玉米穗腐病的症状

Fig. 3 Symptoms on ears inoculated with the pathogen

图4 不同碳源、氮源对新知镰孢营养生长和产孢量的影响注：图中不同小写字母表示处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on vegetative growth and spore numbers of F. andiyaziNote： Small letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatment at P<0.05 level.

图5 温度、pH对新知镰孢营养生长和产孢量的影响注：图中不同小写字母表示处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Effect of temperature and pH on vegetative growth and spore numbers of F. andiyaziNote： Small letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatment at P<0.05 level.

表1 不同光照条件对新知镰孢营养生长和产孢量的影响

Table. 1 Effects of different light condition on vegetative growth and spore numbers of F. andiyazi

光照时间

Light time/h

菌落直径

Colony diameter/mm

产孢量

Spore numbers/（10⁶ CFU·mL^-1）

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玉米穗腐病病原菌新知镰孢的鉴定及其生物学特性分析

Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Fusarium andiyazi Causing Maize Ear Rot

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