再生稻气力式肥料集排装置的设计与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0483

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对再生稻传统追肥作业中施肥量不均匀、肥料利用率低等问题，设计了一种气力式肥料集排装置。对影响施肥性能的主要因素进行四元二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验，以各行排肥量一致性变异系数作为评价指标建立回归模型，研究进肥角度、进肥高度、波纹管长度及排肥轴转速对各行排肥量一致性的影响。结果表明，影响此气力式肥料集排装置各行排肥量一致性变异系数的主要因素顺序为排肥轴转速>进肥角度>波纹管长度>进肥高度。采用Design-Expert10.0软件进行优化分析得出最佳的参数组合：进肥角度54°、进肥高度216 mm、波纹管长度200 mm、排肥轴转速47 r·min^-1，此时各行排肥量一致性变异系数为1.71%，施肥均匀性较好，能够满足再生稻追肥要求。

关键词: 再生稻, 气力式, 追肥, 肥料集排

Abstract:

To solve the problems of uneven fertilization and low utilization rate in traditional topdressing of ratooning rice， a pneumatic fertilizer collecting and discharging device was designed. In this study， the main factors affecting the fertilization performance were tested with the tool of quaternary quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination， and a regression model was established using the uniformity variation coefficient of each row’s fertilizer discharging volume as the evaluation index to study the of influence angle of the fertilizer inlet， height of the fertilizer inlet， length of the bellows and the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft on the uniformity of fertilizer discharging in each row. The results showed that the main factors affecting the device’s uniformity variation coefficient of the fertilizer discharging volume were ranked with the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft， the angle of the fertilizer inlet， the length of the bellows， the height of the fertilizer inlet. Using Design-Expert10.0 software， the optimal combination of the parameters was obtaing the angle of the fertilizer inlet was 54°， the height of the fertilizer inlet was 216 mm， the length of the bellows was 200 mm， the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft was 47 r·min^-1. Under these conditions， the uniformity variation coefficient of the fertilizer discharging volume of each row is 1.71%， which could sufficiently meet the topdressing requirements of ratooning rice.

Key words: ratooning rice, pneumatic, top dressing, fertilizer collecting and discharging

中图分类号:

S233.71

柯烩彬, 周勇, 张国忠, 吕文, 刘沿, 黄琳. 再生稻气力式肥料集排装置的设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 106-114.

Huibin KE, Yong ZHOU, Guozhong ZHANG, Wen LYU, Yan LIU, Lin HUANG. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Fertilizer Collecting and Discharging Device for Ratooning Rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 106-114.

图/表 10

图1 再生稻气力式集排追肥机注：1—三轮高地隙底盘；2—气力式肥料集排系统；3—供肥系统。

Fig. 1 Structure of the pneumatic collecting and topdressing machine for ratooning riceNote：1—Three-wheel high ground clearance chassis； 2—Pneumatic fertilizer collection and discharge system； 3—Fertilizer supply system.

图2 气力式肥料集排装置结构注：1—风机；2—送气装置；3—外槽轮排肥器；4—进肥软管；5－气肥混合装置；6—波纹管；7—分肥装置；8—排肥管。

Fig. 2 Structure of pneumatic fertilizer collecting and discharging deviceNote：1—Fan； 2—Aeration device； 3—Fertilizer with outer groove wheel； 4—Fertilizer hose； 5—Gas fertilizer mixing device； 6—Bellows； 7—Fertilizer dividing device； 8—Export fertilizer pipe.

图3 分肥装置结构注：1—波纹管；2—肥料分散器；3—分肥装置壳体；4—导流片。

Fig. 3 Structure of fertilizer dividing deviceNote：1—Bellows； 2—Fertilizer diffuser； 3—Fertilizer separation device shell； 4—Deflector.

图4 气肥混合装置结构注：1—进气口；2—进肥软管；3—侧边进肥管；4—气肥混合腔；5—气肥出口。

Fig. 4 Structure of gas fertilizer mixing deviceNote：1—Air inlet； 2—Fertilizer hose； 3—Side feed pipe； 4—Gas and fertilizer mixing cavity； 5—Gas fertilizer export.

图5 送气装置结构注：1—送气管；2—集气稳压室。

Fig. 5 Structure of air supply deviceNote：1—Aspiration tube； 2—Gas gathering plenum.

表1 试验因素水平

Table 1 Test factor level

水平 Level	Z₁：进肥角度 Feeding angle/（°）	Z₂：进肥高度 Feeding height/mm	Z₃：波纹管长度 Bellows length/mm	Z₄：排肥轴转速 Fertilizer shaft speed/（r·min^-1）
1.682	55	300	300	65
1	50	259	251	55
0	42.5	200	180	40
-1	35	141	109	25
-1.682	30	100	60	15

表2 试验设计方案及结果

Table 2 Experimental design plan and results

试验号 Test number	Z₁	Z₂	Z₃	Z₄	$V h$ /%
1	-1	-1	-1	-1	10.58
2	-1	-1	1	-1	9.40
3	-1	1	-1	1	8.58
4	-1	1	1	1	5.79
5	1	-1	-1	1	5.27
6	1	-1	1	1	3.98
7	1	1	-1	-1	7.32
8	1	1	1	-1	5.66
9	-1.682	0	0	0	7.46
10	1.682	0	0	0	2.56
11	0	-1.682	0	0	6.57
12	0	1.682	0	0	4.82
13	0	0	-1.682	0	8.98
14	0	0	1.682	0	6.71
15	0	0	0	-1.682	10.84
16	0	0	0	1.682	4.29
17	0	0	0	0	3.93
18	0	0	0	0	4.84
19	0	0	0	0	5.51
20	0	0	0	0	4.43
21	0	0	0	0	4.52
22	0	0	0	0	5.29
23	0	0	0	0	4.91

表2 试验设计方案及结果

Table 2 Experimental design plan and results

试验号 Test number	Z₁	Z₂	Z₃	Z₄	$V h$ /%
1	-1	-1	-1	-1	10.58
2	-1	-1	1	-1	9.40
3	-1	1	-1	1	8.58
4	-1	1	1	1	5.79
5	1	-1	-1	1	5.27
6	1	-1	1	1	3.98
7	1	1	-1	-1	7.32
8	1	1	1	-1	5.66
9	-1.682	0	0	0	7.46
10	1.682	0	0	0	2.56
11	0	-1.682	0	0	6.57
12	0	1.682	0	0	4.82
13	0	0	-1.682	0	8.98
14	0	0	1.682	0	6.71
15	0	0	0	-1.682	10.84
16	0	0	0	1.682	4.29
17	0	0	0	0	3.93
18	0	0	0	0	4.84
19	0	0	0	0	5.51
20	0	0	0	0	4.43
21	0	0	0	0	4.52
22	0	0	0	0	5.29
23	0	0	0	0	4.91

表3 回归模型方差分析及显著性检验

Table 3 Regression model analysis of variance and significance test

变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	106.63	14	31.59	<0.000 1^**
$Z 1$	12.01	1	49.80	0.000 1^**
$Z 2$	1.53	1	6.35	0.035 8^*
$Z 3$	8.44	1	35.02	0.000 4^**
$Z 4$	21.45	1	88.98	<0.000 1^**
$Z 1 Z 2$	2.01	1	8.36	0.020 2^*
$Z 1 Z 3$	0.13	1	0.54	0.483 6
$Z 1 Z 4$	0.27	1	1.12	0.321 2
$Z 2 Z 3$	0.49	1	2.03	0.191 8
$Z 2 Z 4$	0.011	1	0.047	0.834 0
$Z 3 Z 4$	0.19	1	0.80	0.398 0
$Z 1 2$	0.032	1	0.13	0.725 1
$Z 2 2$	1.31	1	5.43	0.048 1^*
$Z 3 2$	17.42	1	72.27	<0.000 1^**
$Z 4 2$	14.28	1	59.25	<0.000 1^**
残差Residual	1.93	8
失拟项Lack of fit	0.20	2	0.35	0.716 7
总和Sum	108.56	22

表3 回归模型方差分析及显著性检验

Table 3 Regression model analysis of variance and significance test

变异来源 Source of variation	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	106.63	14	31.59	<0.000 1^**
$Z 1$	12.01	1	49.80	0.000 1^**
$Z 2$	1.53	1	6.35	0.035 8^*
$Z 3$	8.44	1	35.02	0.000 4^**
$Z 4$	21.45	1	88.98	<0.000 1^**
$Z 1 Z 2$	2.01	1	8.36	0.020 2^*
$Z 1 Z 3$	0.13	1	0.54	0.483 6
$Z 1 Z 4$	0.27	1	1.12	0.321 2
$Z 2 Z 3$	0.49	1	2.03	0.191 8
$Z 2 Z 4$	0.011	1	0.047	0.834 0
$Z 3 Z 4$	0.19	1	0.80	0.398 0
$Z 1 2$	0.032	1	0.13	0.725 1
$Z 2 2$	1.31	1	5.43	0.048 1^*
$Z 3 2$	17.42	1	72.27	<0.000 1^**
$Z 4 2$	14.28	1	59.25	<0.000 1^**
残差Residual	1.93	8
失拟项Lack of fit	0.20	2	0.35	0.716 7
总和Sum	108.56	22

图6 进肥高度和进肥角度交互作用响应面

Fig. 6 Response surface of interaction between feeding height and feeding angle

图7 排肥轴转速和波纹管长度交互作用响应面

Fig. 7 Response surface of interaction between fertilizer shaft speed and bellows length

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