基于农作物秸秆的絮凝剂制备及其效果研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研发基于农作物秸秆的新型天然高分子絮凝剂，通过硝酸-乙醇法提取玉米、水稻和小麦3种作物秸秆中的纤维素，并在均相水溶液中（反应温度为30、40、50和60 ℃）与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride，DMC）接枝共聚生成秸秆纤维素接枝DMC絮凝剂（straw cellulose grafted methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride flocculant， SC-g-DMC）。结果显示，3种作物秸秆提取后纤维素含量最佳为（69.8%±1.7%），样品的接枝率最佳为（36.9%±3.1%）。红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope， SEM）间接证实了单体成功接枝到秸秆纤维素表面。SC-g-DMC对奶牛场污水的絮凝效果表明，在不同反应温度下污染物去除效率随反应温度的升高呈先升高后下降趋势，反应温度为40 ℃时制备的SC-g-DMC的絮凝效果最佳，100 mg·L^-1 SC-g-DMC对奶牛场污水的化学需氧量去除率为（13.9%±2.3%），浊度去除率为（30.6%±5.6%），总悬浮固体去除率为（33.8%±0.9%）。以上结果表明该絮凝剂具有良好的应用前景，可为新型天然高分子絮凝剂的应用提供基础数据。

关键词: 絮凝剂, 秸秆纤维素, 接枝, 奶牛厂污水

Abstract:

In order to develop a novel natural polymer flocculant based on crop straw， cellulose was extracted from 3 crop straws of corn， rice and wheat by nitric acid-ethanol method， and copolymerized with methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride （DMC） in homogeneous aqueous solution （reaction temperature of 30， 40， 50 and 60 °C） to generate straw cellulose grafted methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride flocculant（SC-g-DMC）. The results showed that the best cellulose content of the 3 crops after straw extraction was （69.8%±1.7%）， and the best grafting rate of the samples was （36.9%±3.1%）. Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） confirmed the successful grafting of monomers to the cellulose surface of straw. The flocculation effect of SC-g-DMC on dairy farm sewage showed that under different reaction temperatures， the pollutant removal efficiency first increased and then decreased with the rise of reaction temperature. The SC-g-DMC prepared at 40 ℃ had the best flocculation effect. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand， turbidity and total suspended solids of 100 mg·L^-1 SC-g-DMC on dairy wastewater was （13.9%±2.3%），（30.6%±5.6%） and （33.8%±0.9%）， respectively. Above results showed that the flocculant had a good application prospect and could provide basic data for the application of new natural polymer flocculants.

Key words: flocculant, straw cellulose, graft, dairy farm sewage

中图分类号:

蔡阳扬, 陶秀萍, 董红敏, 李同, 尚斌, 宋建超, 刘崇涛, 刘壮壮. 基于农作物秸秆的絮凝剂制备及其效果研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(5): 167-173.

Yangyang CAI, Xiuping TAO, Hongmin DONG, Tong LI, Bin SHANG, Jianchao SONG, Chongtao LIU, Zhuangzhuang LIU. Study on Preparation and Effect of Flocculant Based on Crop Straw[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(5): 167-173.

图/表 6

表1 农作物秸秆的粗纤维含量 (%)

Table 1 Crude fiber content of crop straw

秸秆种类

Straw type

含水率

Water content

纤维素含量

Cellulose content

半纤维素含量

Hemicellulose content

木质素含量

Lignin content

表2 提取后样品纤维素含量、得率及提取率 (%)

Table 2 Cellulose content， yield and extraction rate of samples after extraction

秸秆种类

Straw type

纤维素含量

Cellulose content

得率

Yield

提取率

Extraction rate

图1 SC-g-DMC的接枝率A：不同反应温度制备的SC-g-DMC的接枝率； B：40 ℃下制备的SC-g-DMC的接枝率。不同小写字母表示差异在P<0.05水平显著

Fig. 1 Grafting ratio of SC-g-DMCA： Grafting ratio of SC-g-DMC prepared at different reaction temperatures； B： Grafting ratio of SC-g-DMC prepared at 40 ℃. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level

图2 玉米秸秆纤维素和SC-g-DMC的FTIR光谱

Fig. 2 FTIR spectra of corn straw cellulose and SC-g-DMC

图3 秸秆纤维素和SC-g-DMC的SEMA：秸秆纤维素的SEM； B： SC-g-DMC的SEM。图中放大倍数为4 300倍；A中红圈内为纤维素平整表面，B中红圈内为共聚物表面褶皱与凹槽

Fig. 3 SEM of straw cellulose and SC-g-DMCA： SEM of straw cellulose； B： SEM of SC-g-DMC. The magnification in the image is 4 300 times； the red circle in A is the flat surface of cellulose， the red circle in B is the folds and grooves on the surface of the copolymer

图4 SC-g-DMC对污水中各污染物的去除率注：不同小写字母表示差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 Removal rate of pollutants in sewage by SC-g-DMCNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level.

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