Abstract: In order to explore the control conditions and effects of plant protection UAV on diseases and insect pests of rice, the influences of planting drone flight height, flight speed, additives on the characteristics of pesticide droplets, and the control efficacy of two different application methods on rice sheath blight, rice false smut, and rice stem borer were studied in this paper. The results showed that the sedimentation density (22.3 drop·cm^-2) was the largest  when the planting drone was 2 m away from the canopy and the flight speed was 3 m·s^-1, and the droplet sedimentation density in different parts of the rice canopy were different: upper > middle > lower. Despite that droplet density reduced from 20.3 to 16.4 drop·cm^-2  after adding adjuvant for aviation plant protection, the wetted area of pesticide solution increased by 76.4%, while droplet diameter and droplet spraying coverage increased from 256.3 μm, 5.56% to 327.5 μm, 9.82%. At rice booting stage, under condition of the same reagent combination, the control effects of spraying chemical pesticides and biological agents on rice sheath blight were 86.20% and 8320%, respectively, which was significantly better than that of traditional artificial electric sprayers. Meanwhile, the control effects on rice false smut and rice stem borer were 86.51%, 84.01% and 89.32%, 81.47%, respectively, and the control effects of the two spraying methods were not significantly different. The results indicated that the control effects of plant protection UAV on diseases and insect pests of rice were significant under optimum flight altitude and flight speed, and it was valuable for popularization and large-scale application.

Key words: plant protection UAV, diseases and insect pests of rice, droplet sedimentation density, adjuvant for aviation plant protection, control effect

摘要： 为了探索植保无人机对水稻病虫害防治条件和防治效果，研究了植保无人机飞行高度、飞行速度、飞防助剂等条件对农药雾滴特性的影响，同时研究了两种不同施药方式对水稻纹枯病、稻曲病、螟虫防效的影响。结果表明，在植保无人机飞行高度距离水稻冠层2 m、飞行速度3 m·s^-1时，雾滴沉降密度（22.3个·cm^-2）最大，雾滴在水稻冠层不同部位的沉降密度存在差异：上部＞中部＞下部；添加飞防助剂药液湿润面积增加764%，雾滴中直径、覆盖率由未添加助剂前 256.3 μm、5.56%增加至327.5 μm、9.82%，雾滴密度由未添加助剂前20.3个·cm^-2降低至16.4个·cm^-2。在水稻孕穗期，相同药剂配方条件下，植保无人机喷施化学药剂和生物药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果分别为86.20%、83.20%，显著优于传统人工电动喷雾器喷洒防治效果；而对稻曲病的防治效果分别为86.51%、84.01%，对螟虫的防治效果分别为89.32%、81.47%，两种喷药方式的防治效果无显著差异。研究结果表明，植保无人机在最适飞行高度、飞行速度和添加飞防助剂等条件下，对水稻病虫害防治效果显著，具有大面积推广应用价值。

关键词: 植保无人机, 水稻病虫害, 雾滴沉降密度, 飞防助剂, 防治效果