Research on Compression Mechanical Characteristics of Sorghum Grains

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0615

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the mechanical damage of sorghum grain during sowing， harvesting， storage， transportation and processing， this paper studied the compression mechanical properties of sorghum grains. The grains of 3 sorghum varieties， Jinza 34， Liaoza 37 and Xingxiangliang 2 were selected. The varieties， moisture content and compression direction were used as the test factors to study the influence on compression deformation， yield load， and damage energy. The results showed that： variety， moisture content and compression direction had significant effects on the compression deformation， yield load， and damage energy of sorghum grains （P<0.000 1）. With the moisture content increased， the yield load showed a downward trend， the compression deformation and the damage energy showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Under the same moisture content， the compression deformation， yield load， and damage energy corresponding to the Z axis direction of 3 varieties of sorghum grains were the largest， followed by the Y axis direction， and the X axis direction was the smallest. Above results provided theoretical references for the development and optimization of equipment for sowing， harvesting， storage and transportation of sorghum.

Key words: sorghum grain, compression, deformation, yield load, damage energy

摘要：

为探索高粱籽粒在播种、收获、储运及加工过程中的机械损伤规律，研究了高粱籽粒的压缩力学特性。选取晋杂34号、辽杂37号、兴湘梁2号3个高粱品种的籽粒为研究对象，研究品种、含水率、压缩方向对压缩变形量、屈服载荷、破坏能等指标的影响规律。结果表明：品种、含水率、压缩方向对高粱籽粒的压缩变形量、屈服载荷、破坏能的影响显著（P<0.000 1）；随着含水率的升高，屈服载荷呈下降趋势，压缩变形量和破坏能呈先减小后增大的趋势；相同含水率下，3个高粱品种籽粒的Z轴方向对应的压缩变形量、屈服载荷、破坏能均最大，Y轴方向次之，X轴方向最小。该研究结果为高粱播种、收获及储运等装备的研制优化提供理论参考。

关键词: 高粱籽粒, 压缩, 变形量, 屈服载荷, 破坏能

CLC Number:

S220.1

Yu FENG, Shujin QIU, Xiangyang YUAN, Qingliang CUI, Zhiqiang JI. Research on Compression Mechanical Characteristics of Sorghum Grains[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(5): 102-110.

冯禹, 邱述金, 原向阳, 崔清亮, 季志强. 高粱籽粒压缩力学特性研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(5): 102-110.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Compression from 3 axials

Fig.2 Compressive force-distance curve of sorghum grain

Table 1 Test results of compression deformation

品种 Variety	含水率 Moisture content/%	压缩变形量 Compression deformation/mm
品种 Variety	含水率 Moisture content/%	X轴 X axis	Y轴 Y axis	Z轴 Z axis
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	12.4±0.25	0.379±0.141 i	0.382±0.102 l	0.397±0.078 k
	14.3±0.18	0.375±0.127 ij	0.380±0.091 l	0.391±0.058 kl
	17.1±0.32	0.366±0.115 j	0.373±0.136 m	0.384±0.099 l
	19.6±0.22	0.381±0.144 i	0.402±0.082 j	0.418±0.133 j
	22.5±0.15	0.419±0.067 f	0.443±0.108 h	0.473±0.116 g
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	12.4±0.25	0.409±0.152 g	0.413±0.023 i	0.435±0.032 h
	14.3±0.18	0.397±0.020 h	0.402±0.018 j	0.429±0.207 hi
	17.1±0.32	0.389±0.033 hi	0.398±0.041 k	0.418±0.053 j
	19.6±0.22	0.474±0.065 e	0.496±0.057 f	0.511±0.197 e
	22.5±0.15	0.490±0.050 d	0.581±0.188 bc	0.637±0.176 b
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	12.4±0.25	0.539±0.070 b	0.545±0.011 d	0.569±0.084 c
	14.3±0.18	0.524±0.066 c	0.538±0.137 de	0.557±0.203 d
	17.1±0.32	0.473±0.108 e	0.487±0.151 g	0.501±0.225 ef
	19.6±0.22	0.532±0.114 bc	0.586±0.124 b	0.639±0.200 b
	22.5±0.15	0.604±0.129 a	0.620±0.180 a	0.710±0.164 a

Table 2 Significant analysis of compression deformation

方差来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	压缩变形量 Compression deformation/mm
方差来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	F值 F value	P值 P value
品种 Variety	2	135.60	<0.000 1
含水率 Moisture content	4	31.98	<0.000 1
压缩方向 Compression direction	2	11.37	0.000 1
		R² =0.921 377

Table 3 Regression analysis of moisture content and compression deformation

品种 Variety	压缩方向 Compression direction	回归模型 Regression model	P值 P value	R²
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	X轴 X axis	$d P = 12.056 x 2 - 3.848 x + 0.674$	0.025 1	0.974 8
	Y轴 Y axis	$d P = 13.066 x 2 - 3.972 x + 0.676$	0.021 6	0.978 4
	Z轴 Z axis	$d P = 17.556 x 2 - 5.388 x + 0.797$	0.010 6	0.989 4
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	X轴 X axis	$d P = 18.517 x 2 - 6.185 x + 0.889$	0.028 9	0.971 1
	Y轴 Y axis	$d P = 18.761 x 2 - 6.018 x + 0.873$	0.016 8	0.983 2
	Z轴 Z axis	$d P = 21.175 x 2 - 6.933 x + 0.972$	0.021 2	0.978 8
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	X轴 X axis	$d P = 23.878 x 2 - 7.773 x + 0.981$	0.037 0	0.963 0
	Y轴 Y axis	$d P = 24.645 x 2 - 7.799 x + 0.989$	0.007 9	0.992 1
	Z轴 Z axis	$d P = 25.927 x 2 - 8.904 x + 0.996$	0.013 3	0.984 4

Table 3 Regression analysis of moisture content and compression deformation

品种 Variety	压缩方向 Compression direction	回归模型 Regression model	P值 P value	R²
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	X轴 X axis	$d P = 12.056 x 2 - 3.848 x + 0.674$	0.025 1	0.974 8
	Y轴 Y axis	$d P = 13.066 x 2 - 3.972 x + 0.676$	0.021 6	0.978 4
	Z轴 Z axis	$d P = 17.556 x 2 - 5.388 x + 0.797$	0.010 6	0.989 4
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	X轴 X axis	$d P = 18.517 x 2 - 6.185 x + 0.889$	0.028 9	0.971 1
	Y轴 Y axis	$d P = 18.761 x 2 - 6.018 x + 0.873$	0.016 8	0.983 2
	Z轴 Z axis	$d P = 21.175 x 2 - 6.933 x + 0.972$	0.021 2	0.978 8
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	X轴 X axis	$d P = 23.878 x 2 - 7.773 x + 0.981$	0.037 0	0.963 0
	Y轴 Y axis	$d P = 24.645 x 2 - 7.799 x + 0.989$	0.007 9	0.992 1
	Z轴 Z axis	$d P = 25.927 x 2 - 8.904 x + 0.996$	0.013 3	0.984 4

Table 4 Test results of yield load

品种 Variety	含水率 Moisture content/%	屈服载荷 Yield load/N
品种 Variety	含水率 Moisture content/%	X轴 X axis	Y轴 Y axis	Z轴 Z axis
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	12.4±0.25	68.197±0.512 d	73.424±0.397 d	78.657±0.879 d
	14.3±0.18	66.936±0.550 de	70.259±0.427 e	73.368±0.993 e
	17.1±0.32	61.761±0.605 ef	65.403±0.443 f	69.424±0.882 f
	19.6±0.22	52.820±0.417 g	56.546±0.299 h	62.070±0.715 h
	22.5±0.15	48.082±0.390 h	51.338±0.183 i	54.811±0.881 j
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	12.4±0.25	74.581±0.546 c	80.120±0.326 c	86.334±0.755 c
	14.3±0.18	71.703±0.422 cd	74.964±0.407 d	79.594±0.860 d
	17.1±0.32	63.445±0.623 e	66.072±0.599 ef	72.401±0.897 e
	19.6±0.22	58.918±0.334 f	61.293±0.526 g	65.168±0.995 g
	22.5±0.15	51.366±0.297 g	54.303±0.428 hi	58.975±0.804 i
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	12.4±0.25	86.934±0.199 a	91.124±0.410 a	100.117±0.929 a
	14.3±0.18	82.520±0.333 b	86.552±0.667 b	92.234±0.791 b
	17.1±0.32	75.115±0.408 c	78.233±0.219 cd	80.350±0.686 d
	19.6±0.22	64.389±0.304 e	67.419±0.552 ef	72.871±0.779 e
	22.5±0.15	55.297±0.400 fg	58.176±0.618 gh	63.123±0.922 gh

Table 5 Significant analysis of yield load

方差来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	F值 F value
品种 Variety	2	702.259 035	<0.000 1
含水率 Moisture content	4	1 092.153 663	<0.000 1
压缩方向 Compression direction	2	273.128 324	<0.000 1
		R² =0.970 210

Table 6 Regression analysis of moisture content and yield load

品种 Variety	压缩方向 Compression direction	回归模型 Regression model	P值 P value	R²
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	X轴 X axis	$F P = - 214.488 x + 96.408$	0.002 7	0.966 0
	Y轴 Y axis	$F P = - 227.515 x + 102.481$	0.001 0	0.982 7
	Z轴 Z axis	$F P = - 231.258 x + 107.396$	0.000 5	0.989 5
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	X轴 X axis	$F P = - 233.094 x + 104.048$	0.000 2	0.993 8
	Y轴 Y axis	$F P = - 255.611 x + 111.264$	0.000 2	0.993 3
	Z轴 Z axis	$F P = - 269.869 x + 118.858$	0.000 2	0.994 2
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	X轴 X axis	$F P = - 320.343 x + 127.886$	0.000 4	0.990 4
	Y轴 Y axis	$F P = - 334.493 x + 133.767$	0.000 3	0.992 9
	Z轴 Z axis	$F P = - 365.130 x + 144.468$	0.000 1	0.995 0

Table 6 Regression analysis of moisture content and yield load

品种 Variety	压缩方向 Compression direction	回归模型 Regression model	P值 P value	R²
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	X轴 X axis	$F P = - 214.488 x + 96.408$	0.002 7	0.966 0
	Y轴 Y axis	$F P = - 227.515 x + 102.481$	0.001 0	0.982 7
	Z轴 Z axis	$F P = - 231.258 x + 107.396$	0.000 5	0.989 5
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	X轴 X axis	$F P = - 233.094 x + 104.048$	0.000 2	0.993 8
	Y轴 Y axis	$F P = - 255.611 x + 111.264$	0.000 2	0.993 3
	Z轴 Z axis	$F P = - 269.869 x + 118.858$	0.000 2	0.994 2
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	X轴 X axis	$F P = - 320.343 x + 127.886$	0.000 4	0.990 4
	Y轴 Y axis	$F P = - 334.493 x + 133.767$	0.000 3	0.992 9
	Z轴 Z axis	$F P = - 365.130 x + 144.468$	0.000 1	0.995 0

Table 7 Test results of damage energy

品种 Variety	含水率 Moisture content/%	破坏能 Damage energy/mJ
品种 Variety	含水率 Moisture content/%	X轴 X axis	Y轴 Y axis	Z轴 Z axis
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	12.4±0.25	14.717±0.025 f	16.853±0.144 fg	19.079±0.093 e
	14.3±0.18	12.805±0.076 h	13.419±0.142 i	15.167±0.030 gh
	17.1±0.32	10.593±0.089 i	11.116±0.188 j	12.893±0.211 i
	19.6±0.22	12.156±0.064 h	14.138±0.033 h	14.202±0.170 h
	22.5±0.15	13.037±0.011 g	15.188±0.098 g	17.354±0.106 f
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	12.4±0.25	16.706±0.031 e	19.033±0.322 e	22.711±0.064 d
	14.3±0.18	15.009±0.026 ef	17.634±0.280 f	19.460±0.279 e
	17.1±0.32	12.875±0.070 h	14.212±0.079 h	15.935±0.088 gh
	19.6±0.22	13.980±0.217 g	15.941±0.331 g	16.528±0.072 g
	22.5±0.15	14.749±0.158 f	16.165±0.145 fg	18.209±0.067 ef
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	12.4±0.25	23.368±0.333 a	25.342±0.062 a	29.174±0.235 a
	14.3±0.18	21.476±0.296 b	22.043±0.113 bc	24.524±0.218 bc
	17.1±0.32	18.044±0.171 d	20.535±0.249 d	22.685±0.077 d
	19.6±0.22	19.339±0.090 c	21.499±0.060 c	23.093±0.694 c
	22.5±0.15	22.076±0.882 ab	23.750±0.557 b	25.497±0.571 b

Table 8 Significant analysis of damage energy

方差来源 Source of variation	自由度df	F值 F value
品种 Variety	2	534.51	<0.000 1
含水率 Moisture content	4	64.27	<0.000 1
压缩方向 Compression direction	2	92.35	<0.000 1
		R² =0.976 726

Table 9 Regression analysis of moisture content and Damage energy

品种 Variety	压缩方向 Compression direction	回归模型 Regression model	P值 P value	R²
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	X轴 X axis	e= $- 0.009 x 3 + 0.062 x 2 - 0.128 x + 9.594$	0.017 6	0.957 7
	Y轴 Y axis	e= $- 0.002 x 3 + 0.016 x 2 - 0.304 x + 19.935$	0.023 3	0.964 1
	Z轴 Z axis	e= $- 0.001 x 3 + 0.078 x 2 - 0.172 x + 13.247$	0.021 4	0.998 4
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	X轴 X axis	e= $- 0.007 x 3 + 0.044 x 2 - 0.937 x + 7.818$	0.037 9	0.984 7
	Y轴 Y axis	e= $- 0.006 x 3 + 0.041 x 2 - 0.922 x + 8.099$	0.012 6	0.961 0
	Z轴 Z axis	e= $- 0.004 x 3 + 0.040 x 2 - 0.103 x + 9.709$	0.032 0	0.986 2
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	X轴 X axis	e= $- 0.004 x 3 + 0.078 x 2 - 0.176 x + 4.874$	0.037 0	0.974 7
	Y轴 Y axis	e= $- 0.001 x 3 + 0.079 x 2 - 0.162 x + 12.871$	0.010 5	0.955 3
	Z轴 Z axis	e= $- 0.001 x 3 + 0.010 x 2 - 0.208 x + 16.242$	0.012 4	0.995 8

Table 9 Regression analysis of moisture content and Damage energy

品种 Variety	压缩方向 Compression direction	回归模型 Regression model	P值 P value	R²
晋杂34号 Jinza 34	X轴 X axis	e= $- 0.009 x 3 + 0.062 x 2 - 0.128 x + 9.594$	0.017 6	0.957 7
	Y轴 Y axis	e= $- 0.002 x 3 + 0.016 x 2 - 0.304 x + 19.935$	0.023 3	0.964 1
	Z轴 Z axis	e= $- 0.001 x 3 + 0.078 x 2 - 0.172 x + 13.247$	0.021 4	0.998 4
辽杂37号 Liaoza 37	X轴 X axis	e= $- 0.007 x 3 + 0.044 x 2 - 0.937 x + 7.818$	0.037 9	0.984 7
	Y轴 Y axis	e= $- 0.006 x 3 + 0.041 x 2 - 0.922 x + 8.099$	0.012 6	0.961 0
	Z轴 Z axis	e= $- 0.004 x 3 + 0.040 x 2 - 0.103 x + 9.709$	0.032 0	0.986 2
兴湘梁2号 Xingxiangliang 2	X轴 X axis	e= $- 0.004 x 3 + 0.078 x 2 - 0.176 x + 4.874$	0.037 0	0.974 7
	Y轴 Y axis	e= $- 0.001 x 3 + 0.079 x 2 - 0.162 x + 12.871$	0.010 5	0.955 3
	Z轴 Z axis	e= $- 0.001 x 3 + 0.010 x 2 - 0.208 x + 16.242$	0.012 4	0.995 8

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