Effects of Enclosure on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Nematode Communities in Ulmus pumila Scatered Woodland of Horqin Sandy Land

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0472

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of enclosure and grazing on the Ulmus pumila scatered woodland soil system in sandy land， this paper analyzed the different responses of nematode trophic groups， life history groups， metabolic footprints， and the characteristics of extracellular enzymes in different layers （0—20 cm and 20—50 cm） of woodland soil taking soil extracellular enzymes and nematodes as indicators. The results showed that the relative abundance， the abundance of predatory/omnivorous nematodes and cp 2~4 groups in the enclosed sample plot were significantly higher than those in the grazing sample plot. Similarly， the abundance of cp 2~4 groups in 0—20 cm soil layer was higher than that in 20—50 cm soil layer. The result of two-way ANOVA suggested that the treatments， soil layer， and mass partitioning had significant effects on both the metabolic footprint of trophic groups and life history groups （P<0.05）. However， in the same treatment， the metabolic footprint in 0—20 cm soil layer was higher than that of 20—50 cm soil layer. The activities of β-1，4-glucosidase （βG）， β-1，4-xylosidase （βX）， β-1，4-N-acetylglucosaminidase （NAG）， leucine amiopeptidase （LAP） and acid phosphatase （AP） also had significant difference between enclosure treatment and grazing treatment. NAG and AP activities were positively correlated with various metabolic footprints. βG activity had positive correlation with plant parasitic nematode metabolic footprint， predatory/omnivorous nematode metabolic footprint， enrichment metabolic footprint and functional metabolic footprint （P<0.05）. Therefore， short-term enclosure significantly affected the metabolic footprint of soil nematodes and the content of some soil extracellular enzymes in 0—20 cm soil layer. As the metabolic footprint of nematodes was closely related to extracellular enzymes， which indicated that the utilization rate of C， N and P by nematodes changed significantly after enclosure. Above results could provide a basis for the study of the C， N and P cycle in Ulmus pumila scatered woodland soil system in sandy land.

Key words: short-term enclosure, nematode cp groups, trophic groups, metabolic footprint, extracellular enzymes

摘要：

为了探讨围封和放牧对沙地榆树疏林土壤环境的影响，以土壤胞外酶和线虫为指标，比较分析了对围封和放牧沙地榆树疏林生态系统内不同土层（0—20和20—50 cm）线虫营养类群、生活史类群、代谢足迹、胞外酶特征的影响。结果表明：围封样地内捕食/杂食线虫的相对丰富度和多度、cp2~4类群的相对丰富度和多度均显著高于放牧样地，且cp2~4类群的多度均表现为0—20 cm土层高于20—50 cm土层；围封和放牧处理、土层及交互作用对营养类群代谢足迹和生活史代谢足迹均有显著影响（P<0.05），在同一处理中0—20 cm土层的代谢足迹均高于20—50 cm土层；围封样地内β-葡萄糖苷酶（βG）、β-木糖苷酶（βX）、N-乙酰葡糖苷酶（NAG）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）、酸性磷酸酶（AP）与放牧样地差别显著（P<0.05）；NAG和AP与各类代谢足迹均存在显著的正相关性，βG与植物寄生线虫代谢足迹、捕食/杂食线虫代谢足迹、富集代谢足迹、功能代谢足迹也存在显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）。因此，短期围封明显影响了0—20 cm土层的土壤线虫代谢足迹和部分土壤胞外酶含量，且线虫代谢足迹与胞外酶关系密切，说明围封后线虫对C、N、P的利用率有显著变化，为探讨沙地榆树疏林土壤系统内C、N、P循环的研究提供依据。

关键词: 短期围封, 线虫cp类群, 营养类群, 代谢足迹, 胞外酶

CLC Number:

S154.3

Xiaolan LI, Ruihui LI, Xuehua LI, Ying GUO, Yifeng TIAN, Shujing JIA. Effects of Enclosure on Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Nematode Communities in Ulmus pumila Scatered Woodland of Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(1): 166-174.

李晓兰, 李瑞辉, 李雪华, 郭颖, 田怡丰, 贾姝婧. 围封对科尔沁沙地榆树疏林土壤胞外酶和线虫群落的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(1): 166-174.

Figures/Tables 6

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酶Enzyme	缩写Abbreviation	底物Substrate	功能Function
纤维水解酶 β-D-1，4-cellobiohydrolase	CBH	4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-纤维二糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-cellobioside	活性碳循环 Labile-C cycling
β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1，4-glucosidase	βG	4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-glucoside	活性碳循环 Labile-C cycling
木糖苷酶 β-1，4-xylosidase	βX	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃木糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-xyloside	活性碳循环 Labile-C cycling
N-乙酰葡糖苷酶 β-1，4-N-acetylglucosaminidase	NAG	4-甲基-N-乙酰基β-D-葡糖苷 4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide	氮循环 N cycling
亮氨酸氨基肽酶 Leucine amiopeptidase	LAP	L-亮氨酸-7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素 L-Leucien-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	氮循环 N cycling
酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	AP	4-甲基伞形酮磷酸酯 4-MUB-phosphate	磷循环 P cycling

酶Enzyme	缩写Abbreviation	底物Substrate	功能Function
纤维水解酶 β-D-1，4-cellobiohydrolase	CBH	4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-纤维二糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-cellobioside	活性碳循环 Labile-C cycling
β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1，4-glucosidase	βG	4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-葡萄糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-glucoside	活性碳循环 Labile-C cycling
木糖苷酶 β-1，4-xylosidase	βX	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃木糖苷 4-MUB-β-D-xyloside	活性碳循环 Labile-C cycling
N-乙酰葡糖苷酶 β-1，4-N-acetylglucosaminidase	NAG	4-甲基-N-乙酰基β-D-葡糖苷 4-MUB-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide	氮循环 N cycling
亮氨酸氨基肽酶 Leucine amiopeptidase	LAP	L-亮氨酸-7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素 L-Leucien-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	氮循环 N cycling
酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	AP	4-甲基伞形酮磷酸酯 4-MUB-phosphate	磷循环 P cycling

营养类群 Trophic group	cp值 cp value	属名 Generic name
PP：植物寄生线虫 Plant parasites	2	具脊垫刃属、细纹垫刃属、新萨达属、散香属、新平滑垫刃属、野外垫刃属、剑尾垫刃属、垫刃属、平滑垫刃属、头垫刃属、突腔唇属、针属 Coslenchus， Lelenchus， Neothada， Boleodorus， Neopsilenchus， Aglenchus， Malenchus， Tylenchus， Psilenchus， Cephalenchus， Ecphyadophora， Paratylenchus
	3	默林属、那格尔属、长吻属、五沟属、矮化属、螺旋线虫属、拟盘旋属、盘旋属、肾状属、短体线虫属、拟短体属、中国胞囊属、小环线虫属、中轮属、沟环属、拟鞘属、大节片属、鞘属、卢夫属 Merlinius， Nagelus， Dolichorhynchus， Quinisulcius， Tylenchorhynchus， Helicotylenchus， Pararotylenchus， Rotylenchus， Rotylenchulus， Pratylenchus， Pratylenchoides， Heterodera， Criconemella， Criconemoides， Ogma， Hemicriconemoides， Macroposthonia， Hemicycliophora， Loofia
	4	毛刺属Trichodorus
FF：食真菌线虫 Fungivores	2	丝尾垫刃属、茎属、真滑刃属、拟滑刃属、艾普鲁斯属、滑刃线虫属 Filenchus， Ditylenchus， Aphelenchus， Paraphelenchus， Aprutides， Aphelenchoides
	3	膜皮属Diphtherophora
	4	垫咽属Tylencholaimus
BF：食细菌线虫 Bacterivores	1	小杆科、盆咽属、绕线属 Rhabditidae， Panagrolaimus， Plectonchus
	2	头叶属、真头叶属、异头叶属、丽突属、拟丽突属、Acrobelophis、鹿角唇属、板唇属、真单宫属、绕线属、威尔斯属 Cephalobus， Eucephalobus， Heterocephalobus， Acrobeles， Acrobeloides， Acrobelophis， Cervidellus， Chiloplacus， Eumonhystera， Plectus， Wilsonema
	3	畸头属、异色矛属、齿腔属 Teratocephalus， Achromadora， Odontolaimus
	4	无咽属Alaimus
OP：捕食/杂食线虫 Omnivores-predators	3	单色矛属Monochromadora
	4	桑尼属、螯属、短体长针属、索努斯属、真矛线属、上矛属、Dorydorella、小矛属、拱唇属 Thornia， Pungentus， Longidorella， Thonus， Eudorylaimus， Epidorylaimus， Dorydorella， Microdorylaimus， Labronema
	5	穿咽属、中矛线属、咽针属、通俗属、类缢咽属、图鲁玛那瓦属、无孔小咽属、孔咽属、长针属、剑属、缢咽属、牙咽属、峡咽属、盘咽属 Nygolaimus， Mesodorylaim， Laimydorus， Ecumenicus， Paraxonchium， Torumanawa， Aporcelaimellus， Aporcelaimus， Longidorus， Xiphinema， Axonchium， Dorylaimellus， Discolaimium， Discolaimus

营养类群 Trophic group	cp值 cp value	属名 Generic name
PP：植物寄生线虫 Plant parasites	2	具脊垫刃属、细纹垫刃属、新萨达属、散香属、新平滑垫刃属、野外垫刃属、剑尾垫刃属、垫刃属、平滑垫刃属、头垫刃属、突腔唇属、针属 Coslenchus， Lelenchus， Neothada， Boleodorus， Neopsilenchus， Aglenchus， Malenchus， Tylenchus， Psilenchus， Cephalenchus， Ecphyadophora， Paratylenchus
	3	默林属、那格尔属、长吻属、五沟属、矮化属、螺旋线虫属、拟盘旋属、盘旋属、肾状属、短体线虫属、拟短体属、中国胞囊属、小环线虫属、中轮属、沟环属、拟鞘属、大节片属、鞘属、卢夫属 Merlinius， Nagelus， Dolichorhynchus， Quinisulcius， Tylenchorhynchus， Helicotylenchus， Pararotylenchus， Rotylenchus， Rotylenchulus， Pratylenchus， Pratylenchoides， Heterodera， Criconemella， Criconemoides， Ogma， Hemicriconemoides， Macroposthonia， Hemicycliophora， Loofia
	4	毛刺属Trichodorus
FF：食真菌线虫 Fungivores	2	丝尾垫刃属、茎属、真滑刃属、拟滑刃属、艾普鲁斯属、滑刃线虫属 Filenchus， Ditylenchus， Aphelenchus， Paraphelenchus， Aprutides， Aphelenchoides
	3	膜皮属Diphtherophora
	4	垫咽属Tylencholaimus
BF：食细菌线虫 Bacterivores	1	小杆科、盆咽属、绕线属 Rhabditidae， Panagrolaimus， Plectonchus
	2	头叶属、真头叶属、异头叶属、丽突属、拟丽突属、Acrobelophis、鹿角唇属、板唇属、真单宫属、绕线属、威尔斯属 Cephalobus， Eucephalobus， Heterocephalobus， Acrobeles， Acrobeloides， Acrobelophis， Cervidellus， Chiloplacus， Eumonhystera， Plectus， Wilsonema
	3	畸头属、异色矛属、齿腔属 Teratocephalus， Achromadora， Odontolaimus
	4	无咽属Alaimus
OP：捕食/杂食线虫 Omnivores-predators	3	单色矛属Monochromadora
	4	桑尼属、螯属、短体长针属、索努斯属、真矛线属、上矛属、Dorydorella、小矛属、拱唇属 Thornia， Pungentus， Longidorella， Thonus， Eudorylaimus， Epidorylaimus， Dorydorella， Microdorylaimus， Labronema
	5	穿咽属、中矛线属、咽针属、通俗属、类缢咽属、图鲁玛那瓦属、无孔小咽属、孔咽属、长针属、剑属、缢咽属、牙咽属、峡咽属、盘咽属 Nygolaimus， Mesodorylaim， Laimydorus， Ecumenicus， Paraxonchium， Torumanawa， Aporcelaimellus， Aporcelaimus， Longidorus， Xiphinema， Axonchium， Dorylaimellus， Discolaimium， Discolaimus

线虫代谢足迹 Nematode metabolic footprint	放牧样地 Grazing		围封样地 Enclosure		处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer	处理×土层 Treatment×soil layer
线虫代谢足迹 Nematode metabolic footprint	0—20 cm	20—50 cm	0—20 cm	20—50 cm	处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer	处理×土层 Treatment×soil layer
植物寄生线虫代谢足迹 PP metabolic footprint	12.0±1.4 bc	8.6±0.4 c	29.5±2.6 a	16.0±1.2 b	**	**	**
食真菌线虫代谢足迹 FF metabolic footprint	6.8±0.7 b	2.5±0.2 c	14.4±1.9 a	4.4±0.5 bc	**	**	*
食细菌线虫代谢足迹 BF metabolic footprint	9.7±0.7 bc	4.6±0.5 c	27.4±3.8 a	10.8±1.1 b	**	**	**
捕食/杂食线虫代谢足迹 OP metabolic footprint	3.8±0.4 b	3.3±0.6 b	21.5±3.6 a	7.9±1.6 b	**	**	**
富集代谢足迹 Enrichment footprint	16.4±1.1 b	6.9±0.5 c	41.6±5.3 a	15.6±1.1 b	**	**	**
结构代谢足迹 Structure footprint	3.9±0.4 c	3.7±0.6 c	21.8±3.6 a	12.7±4.2 b	**	ns	ns
功能代谢足迹 Functional metabolic footprint	10.2±0.6 bc	5.3±0.5 c	31.7±3.8 a	14.1±2.4 b	**	**	**