Development and Experiment of an Electronic Forest Compass Instrument

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0763

Abstract

Abstract:

Tree height and tree position are important indicators in empirical forest decision-making and are commonly used to estimate standing parameters such as forest growth， tree age， wood volume， biomass and carbon stock， and the accuracy in the measurement has a significant impact on the evaluation of standing wood quality and estimation of forest growth. This study addressed some of the drawbacks within the present forest survey， such as high device price， not easily moved， long duration of one measuring procedure， and labor-intensive. Aming at those drawbacks， a novel electronic compass device was developed for forest survey based on three-dimensional electronic compass and laser ranging radar. The device consisted of embedded hardware and software and an Android application was developed to support user to operate this device. Overall， it realized the electronic and digital measurement of tree height and tree position by one device. After then， 59 standing trees were employed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the device. The results showed that： in terms of accuracy， the mean absolute error of azimuth was 4.5° and the accuracy of tree height was 96.95%； in terms of operational efficiency， this device was about twice as efficient as the total station. In conclusion， the developed device in this study had the features including portable， low manufacturing cost， and internal and external operations integration. Only in this way， it could accord with various technical provisions such as accuracy in the continuous forest inventory （CFI） in China， which would have broad application prospects in forestry resource inventory.

Key words: compass, tree height, azimuth, integration of indoor and outdoor work

摘要：

树高和树木位置是森林经营决策中重要的指标，常用于估计森林生长量、树龄、材积、生物量和碳储量等立木参数，其精度对立木质量的评价及森林生长的预测分析影响较大。为解决当前森林调查仪器价格昂贵、移动不便、测量周期长、人力耗损大等问题，基于三维电子罗盘和激光测距雷达研发了一种电子森林罗盘仪。该仪器设计了嵌入式软硬件，开发了与之配套的Android端应用，实现了树高和树木位置数据测量的电子化和数字化。为验证仪器的精准度与效率，选取59株立木进行试验。结果表明：在精准度上，方位角的绝对误差均值为4.5°，树高的相对精度为96.95%；在作业效率上，该仪器约为全站仪的2倍。该仪器携带方便、制造成本低、内外业一体化，能够满足国家森林资源连续清查中的测量精度要求，在森林资源调查中具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 罗盘, 树高, 方位角, 内外业一体化

CLC Number:

S771

Hening FU, Zhongke FENG, Linhao SUN, Jueying SU, Tiantian MA, Zhichao WANG. Development and Experiment of an Electronic Forest Compass Instrument[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(2): 120-126.

付贺宁, 冯仲科, 孙林豪, 苏珏颖, 马天天, 王智超. 电子森林罗盘仪的研发与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(2): 120-126.

Figures/Tables 10

References 15

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样点1 Sample 1	测量值 Measured value/（°）	参考值 Reference value/（°）	绝对误差 Absolute error/（°）	样点2 Sample 2	测量值 Measured value/（°）	参考值 Reference value/（°）	绝对误差 Absolute error/（°）
1	313.60	309.00	-4.60	1	169.00	173.00	4.00
2	231.80	236.00	4.20	2	30.10	27.00	-3.10
3	75.00	69.00	-6.00	3	62.50	55.00	-7.50
4	77.60	72.00	-5.60	4	281.90	286.00	4.10
5	263.60	257.00	-6.60	5	181.20	185.00	3.80
6	118.50	112.00	-6.50	6	349.60	353.00	3.40
7	255.50	248.00	-7.50	7	13.10	16.00	2.90
8	265.40	272.00	6.60	8	296.90	301.00	4.10
9	54.90	50.00	-4.90	9	41.10	36.00	-5.10
10	345.40	349.00	3.60	10	255.20	258.00	2.80
11	192.40	197.00	4.60	11	276.10	273.00	-3.10
12	71.50	80.00	8.50	12	305.30	307.00	1.70
13	246.50	253.00	6.50	13	213.30	218.00	4.70
14	94.60	97.00	2.40	14	142.60	144.00	1.40
15	192.60	195.00	2.40	15	12.60	9.00	-3.60
16	18.70	25.00	6.30	16	57.90	53.00	-4.90
17	263.80	268.00	4.20	17	289.60	286.00	-3.60
18	237.90	241.00	3.10	18	239.50	244.00	4.50

样点1 Sample 1	测量值 Measured value/（°）	参考值 Reference value/（°）	绝对误差 Absolute error/（°）	样点2 Sample 2	测量值 Measured value/（°）	参考值 Reference value/（°）	绝对误差 Absolute error/（°）
1	313.60	309.00	-4.60	1	169.00	173.00	4.00
2	231.80	236.00	4.20	2	30.10	27.00	-3.10
3	75.00	69.00	-6.00	3	62.50	55.00	-7.50
4	77.60	72.00	-5.60	4	281.90	286.00	4.10
5	263.60	257.00	-6.60	5	181.20	185.00	3.80
6	118.50	112.00	-6.50	6	349.60	353.00	3.40
7	255.50	248.00	-7.50	7	13.10	16.00	2.90
8	265.40	272.00	6.60	8	296.90	301.00	4.10
9	54.90	50.00	-4.90	9	41.10	36.00	-5.10
10	345.40	349.00	3.60	10	255.20	258.00	2.80
11	192.40	197.00	4.60	11	276.10	273.00	-3.10
12	71.50	80.00	8.50	12	305.30	307.00	1.70
13	246.50	253.00	6.50	13	213.30	218.00	4.70
14	94.60	97.00	2.40	14	142.60	144.00	1.40
15	192.60	195.00	2.40	15	12.60	9.00	-3.60
16	18.70	25.00	6.30	16	57.90	53.00	-4.90
17	263.80	268.00	4.20	17	289.60	286.00	-3.60
18	237.90	241.00	3.10	18	239.50	244.00	4.50

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