Abstract:

To investigate the feasibility of fermented peanut shell and cow dung instead of peat substrate for tomato seedling and determine the optimal ratio of peanut shell， cow dung and perlite for tomato seedlings. The changes of physicochemical properties of substrate， and the nutrient content and morphology of seedlings were studied under peanut shell∶cow dung∶perlite （volume ratio） of 0∶6∶3 （T1）， 2∶4∶3 （T2）， 4∶2∶3 （T3） and 6∶0∶3 （T4）， compared with peat∶perlite 6∶3. The key physicochemical properties of substrates affecting seedlings were identified，and the seedling rearing effect was evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the contents of total P， total K， olsen P， Mg and catalase activity under T1~T4 were significantly increased， while the contents of total N， alkali N and Ca were significantly decreased compared with CK. In different fermented peanut shells and cow dung substrates， the activities of urease and phosphatase increased but EC， bulk density and available K declined with increasing peanut shell. All plant morphological parameters were the highest under T3， which were significantly different with CK. The content of K in plants treated with fermented peanut shells and cow dung substrates was significantly higher than CK， but the contents of N， Ca and Mg were significantly lower than CK. The content of P in plants was the highest in T4 and the lowest in T2， respectively. The comprehensive traits of tomato plants were significantly positively correlated with pH， total K， olsen P， Mg， catalase and urease in the substrate， but negatively correlated with EC， organic matter， total N， alkali N and available K. The tomato seedlings grown under T3 presented the optimal comprehensive traits by comprehensive evaluation. Therefore， the fermented peanut shell and cow dung could replace peat using to tomato seedlings substrate， and the suitable peanut shell∶cow dung∶ perlite was 4∶2∶3， which provided theoretical basis and guidance for the substrate utilization of agricultural waste.

Key words: Solanum lycopersicum, peanut shell, cow dung, seedlings substrate

摘要：

为明确发酵花生壳和牛粪替代草炭基质用于番茄育苗的可行性，筛选出其最佳配比，以发酵花生壳和牛粪为主要原料，按花生壳∶牛粪∶珍珠岩（体积比）为0∶6∶3（T1）、2∶4∶3（T2）、4∶2∶3（T3）和6∶0∶3（T4）复配形成基质，以草炭∶珍珠岩为6∶3的基质作为对照（CK），测定不同基质的理化特性、植株形态指标和营养元素含量，分析影响番茄植株性状的关键基质理化特性，并对育苗效果进行综合评价。结果表明，与CK相比，T1~T4基质中总磷、总钾、有效磷、镁和过氧化氢酶活性均显著增加，而总氮、碱解氮和钙含量均显著下降。在不同的发酵花生壳和牛粪复配基质中，随花生壳比例增大，脲酶和磷酸酶活性增大，而电导率、容重和速效钾含量下降。植株各形态指标均在T3处理下具有最高值，且显著高于CK。各处理基质中植株钾含量均显著高于CK，但氮、钙和镁含量均显著低于CK。植株中磷含量在T4处理下最高，而在T2处理下最低。番茄植株综合性状与基质中pH、总钾、有效磷、镁、过氧化氢酶和脲酶呈显著正相关，而与电导率、有机质、总氮、碱解氮和速效钾呈负相关。通过综合评价可知，T3处理下番茄植株综合性状表现最优。因此，在番茄育苗中发酵花生壳和牛粪复配基质可替代草炭基质，且以花生壳∶牛粪∶珍珠岩为4∶2∶3效果最好。以上结果为农业废弃物基质化利用提供了理论依据和指导。

关键词: 番茄, 花生壳, 牛粪, 育苗基质