Abstract: The effects of organic mulching on soil nutrient change, microbial richness and diversity of Panax notoginseng were studied in order to provide theoretical basis and support cultivation techniques for P. notoginseng mulching planting. A completely random block plot experiment was performed to cover the soil surface of P. notoginseng seeds with organic mulch. It was conducted with five treatments including Artemisia annua mulching(HHH),  Tagetes erecta L. mulching(WSJ), Fagopyrum dibotrys mulching(JQM), pine needle  mulching(SZ), and no mulching (CK). Soil samples were collected after 10 months of growth. Soil nutrient content and microbial diversity were determined by chemical analysis and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that: ① the organic matters of treatment HHH and SZ were significantly higher than that of CK, the total nitrogen and hydrolytic nitrogen content of treatment HHH was significantly higher than that of CK, and the available phosphorus and potassium contents of treatment SZ were significantly higher than that of CK after 10 months. ② There was a strong positive correlation between total nitrogen content and hydrolytic nitrogen. ③ 27 phylum and 64 classes and 131 orders and 263 families and 444 genus were obtained by sequencing the 16S rDNA of bacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the main dominant phylum. Acidibacter, Gennmtimonas, and Flavobacterium were the main dominant genus. The bacterial richness and diversity of treatment WSJ, JQM, and SZ were higher than those of CK, while those of treatment HHH were lower than those of CK. ④ There were differences in community structure and diversity of soil fungi. 12 phylums, 40 classes, 115 orders, 246 families, 510 genera were obtained by sequencing the ITS region of fungi. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota were the main dominant phylum. Conocybe, Fusarium, Mortierella and Trichoderma were the main dominant genus. The richness and diversity of fungal community in mulching treatment were lower than that in non-mulching treatment. A. annua and pine needle mulching provided nutrients of soil，and organic mulching improved the ability of P. notoginseng to fight against pathogenic bacteria, and mulching pine needle had some effect on reducing the occurrence of P. notoginseng root rot and solving the obstacle of P. notoginseng continuous cropping.

Key words: P. notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, organic mulch, soil nutrient, microbial diversity

摘要： 为研究有机覆盖物对三七土壤养分以及微生物丰富度和多样性的影响，采用完全随机区组小区试验，将有机覆盖物覆盖于播种三七种子的土壤表面，设置黄花蒿覆盖（HHH）、万寿菊覆盖（WSJ）、金荞麦覆盖（JQM）、松针覆盖（SZ）和无覆盖（CK）共5个处理。覆盖生长10个月后采集土壤样品，利用化学分析和高通量测序检测土壤养分含量及进行微生物物种丰富度和多样性分析。结果显示：①覆盖10个月后，处理HHH和SZ检测的土壤有机质含量显著高于CK，HHH的全氮和水解性氮含量显著高于CK，SZ处理的有效磷和速效钾含量显著高于CK。②全氮含量与水解性氮存在显著正相关（P<0.05）。③对细菌的高通量测序共获得27门64纲131目263科444属。变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）是主要共有优势菌门，Acidibacter、芽单胞菌属（Gemmatimonas）、黄杆菌属（Flavobacterium）为主要优势菌属。处理WSJ、JQM、SZ的细菌丰富度和多样性高于CK，HHH细菌丰富度和多样性低于CK。④对真菌的高通量测序共获得12门40纲115目246科510属。子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）与接合菌门（Zygomycota）为共有优势菌门，锥盖伞属（Conocybe）、镰刀菌属（Fusarium）、被孢霉属（Mortierella）为主要优势菌属。覆盖处理的真菌丰富度和多样性均低于无覆盖处理。说明黄花蒿和松针覆盖为三七的生长提供了养分，有机覆盖物均能提高三七的抗病原菌能力，SZ覆盖对减轻三七根腐病的发生和解决三七种植过程中的连作障碍有一定作用，结果为三七覆盖种植提供理论依据和配套栽培技术支持。

关键词: 三七, 有机覆盖, 土壤养分, 微生物多样性