Effect of Thermal Environment on Tartaric Acid Degradation of ‘Italian Riesling’ Wine Grape in Hexi Corridor

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0314

Abstract

Abstract:

Tartaric acid is the main contributor to the acidity of wine. Due to the rapid temperature rise， high effective accumulated temperature and short frost free period in the grape wine producing area of Hexi corridor， the tartaric acid in grape fruit degrades too fast. In order to explore the main degrdation period of tartaric acid， we took ‘Italian Riesling’ as the research sample in Wuwei， Gansu province to analyze the influence of the changes of temperature， humidity， light， solar radiation and ground temperature on the change of tartaric acid content in grape berry fruits at the rapid long-maturity stage. The results showed that the tartaric acid content of ‘Italian Riesling’ grape decreased first and then increased slowly in the long-term ripening period of grape berries. In the color transformation stage， tartaric acid content decreased sharply from 14.67 to 6.59 mg·g^-1. Through correlation analysis， the daily cumulative hours of sunshine， daily average temperature， daily minimum temperature， daily average ground temperature of 5， 10， 15， 20 cm were the key factors affected tartaric acid in fruits. The diurnal variation of tartaric acid in ‘Italian Riesling’ fruit showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In the long-term ripening period of grape berries， the content of tartaric acid reached the peak at 13∶00 in a day and night， and reached the peak at 21∶00 in the fruit maturity period. During the diurnal growth and development of the fruits， the degradation time of tartaric acid was mainly from 13∶00 to 1∶00 in the morning of the next day. Through correlation analysis， the diurnal variation of tartaric acid was related to air temperature， daily average ground temperature of 5， 10， 15， 20， 40 cm and 40 cm soil humidity，which showed a very significant positive correlation. In conclusion， the degradation of tartaric acid in ‘Italian Riesling’ grape fruit mainly occurred in the fruit color transition period， and mainly occurred in the afternoon in a day and night. The direct effects on tartaric acid content were the daily cumulative number of sunshine， daily average temperature， daily minimum temperature and 5—40 cm ground temperature. Therefore， this study provided a theoretical basis for slowing down the degradation of tartaric acid.

Key words: Hexi corridor, thermal environment, ‘Italian Riesling’, tartaric acid, diurnal variation

摘要：

酒石酸是葡萄酒酸度的主要贡献者，因河西走廊酿酒葡萄产区升温快、有效积温高且无霜期短，使得葡萄果实中酒石酸降解过快，为探究酒石酸的主要降解时期，在甘肃武威以‘贵人香’为试验材料，分析酿酒葡萄种植基地的温度、湿度、光照、太阳辐射、地温等的变化对葡萄浆果速长期-成熟期果实中酒石酸含量变化的影响。结果表明，‘贵人香’葡萄在浆果速长期-转色期-成熟期的酒石酸含量先降低后缓慢上升，在转色期其含量急剧降低，从14.67降至6.59 mg·g^-1；相关性分析表明，日照日累计时数、日平均温度、日最低温度、日平均5 cm地温、日平均10 cm地温、日平均15 cm地温、日平均20 cm地温是影响葡萄果实中酒石酸含量的关键因子。‘贵人香’果实中酒石酸的昼夜变化均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，在果实速长期和转色期，1个昼夜中酒石酸含量在13∶00达峰值，在果实成熟期，其含量在21∶00达峰值，在果实昼夜生长发育时，酒石酸的降解时间主要在13∶00至次日凌晨1∶00，相关性分析表明，酒石酸昼夜变化与空气温度、日平均5 cm地温、日平均10 cm地温、日平均15 cm地温、日平均20 cm地温、日平均40 cm地温、40 cm土壤湿度呈极显著正相关。综上，‘贵人香’葡萄果实中酒石酸的降解主要发生在果实转色期，且1个昼夜内降解主要发生在下午，对酒石酸含量直接作用较大的是日照日累计数、日平均温度、日最低温度和5—40 cm地温。结果可为减缓酒石酸的降解提供一定的理论基础。

关键词: 河西走廊, 热环境, 贵人香, 酒石酸, 昼夜变化

CLC Number:

S663.1

Yanfang ZHANG, Yanfang ZHU, Yan HAO, Yu’an WANG. Effect of Thermal Environment on Tartaric Acid Degradation of ‘Italian Riesling’ Wine Grape in Hexi Corridor[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 86-99.

张彦芳, 朱燕芳, 郝燕, 王玉安. 热环境对河西走廊酿酒葡萄‘贵人香’酒石酸降解的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 86-99.

Figures/Tables 12

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气象因子 Meteorological factors	果实速长期Rapid-growing period			果实转色期Colour-changed period			果实成熟期Fruit maturity period
气象因子 Meteorological factors	平均值 Average value	最大值 Maximum value	最大值时间Maximum time（m/d hours）	平均值 Average value	最大值 Maximum value	最大值时间Maximum time（m/d hours）	平均值 Average value	最大值 Maximum value	最大值时间Maximum time（m/d hours）
日照小时累计 Accumulated sunshine hours/min	0.51	1	7/1 7∶00	0.48	1	8/1 8∶00	0.40	1	9/1 8∶00
日照日累计 Daily sunshine accumulation/h	30.39	60	7/1 8∶00	26.90	60	8/1 9∶00	24.29	60	9/1 9∶00
总辐射 Total radiation/（MJ·m^-2）	268.91	1 111	7/14 16∶00	220.74	1 088	8/22 14∶00	189.00	1 087	9/4 12∶00
总辐射极大值 Total radiation maximum/（MJ·m^-2）	356.27	1 280	7/8 13∶00	302.38	1 238	8/22 14∶00	244.69	1 087	9/4 12∶00
二氧化碳含量 Carbon dioxide content/%	1 616.17	3 290	7/25 10∶00	2 391.51	3 733	8/30 7∶00	2 333.11	3 861	9/5 7∶00
最高二氧化碳含量 Maximum carbon dioxide content/%	1 649.75	3 395	7/25 10∶00	2 449.68	3 769	8/30 8∶00	2 393.50	3 998	9/5 7∶00
最低二氧化碳含量 Minimum carbon dioxide content/%	1 584.84	3 071	7/25 10∶00	2 337.10	3 358	8/3 4∶00	2 278.45	3 702	9/5 7∶00

气象因子 Meteorological factors	果实速长期Rapid-growing period			果实转色期Colour-changed period			果实成熟期Fruit maturity period
气象因子 Meteorological factors	平均值 Average value	最大值 Maximum value	最大值时间Maximum time（m/d hours）	平均值 Average value	最大值 Maximum value	最大值时间Maximum time（m/d hours）	平均值 Average value	最大值 Maximum value	最大值时间Maximum time（m/d hours）
日照小时累计 Accumulated sunshine hours/min	0.51	1	7/1 7∶00	0.48	1	8/1 8∶00	0.40	1	9/1 8∶00
日照日累计 Daily sunshine accumulation/h	30.39	60	7/1 8∶00	26.90	60	8/1 9∶00	24.29	60	9/1 9∶00
总辐射 Total radiation/（MJ·m^-2）	268.91	1 111	7/14 16∶00	220.74	1 088	8/22 14∶00	189.00	1 087	9/4 12∶00
总辐射极大值 Total radiation maximum/（MJ·m^-2）	356.27	1 280	7/8 13∶00	302.38	1 238	8/22 14∶00	244.69	1 087	9/4 12∶00
二氧化碳含量 Carbon dioxide content/%	1 616.17	3 290	7/25 10∶00	2 391.51	3 733	8/30 7∶00	2 333.11	3 861	9/5 7∶00
最高二氧化碳含量 Maximum carbon dioxide content/%	1 649.75	3 395	7/25 10∶00	2 449.68	3 769	8/30 8∶00	2 393.50	3 998	9/5 7∶00
最低二氧化碳含量 Minimum carbon dioxide content/%	1 584.84	3 071	7/25 10∶00	2 337.10	3 358	8/3 4∶00	2 278.45	3 702	9/5 7∶00

日期 Date（m-d）	风速 Wind speed/ （m·s^-1）	日照小时累计 Accumulated sunshine hours/min	日照日累计 Daily sunshine accumulation/h	总辐射 Total radiation/（MJ·m^-2）	二氧化碳含量 Carbon dioxide content/%
7-1	16.21	0.46	28.67	235.67	1 102.92
7-5	16.25	0.53	31.88	309.23	1 133.40
7-10	13.20	0.53	31.53	289.74	1 173.18
7-15	13.60	0.51	30.07	285.40	1 267.64
7-20	15.36	0.54	31.88	291.33	1 650.48
7-25	15.66	0.48	28.85	222.62	2 234.31
7-30	12.21	0.49	28.97	228.16	2 148.84
7-31	17.13	0.51	29.50	275.67	2 114.79
8-1	11.67	0.50	29.54	270.88	2 166.96
8-5	11.85	0.47	28.16	205.94	2 381.68
8-10	14.01	0.45	27.32	210.16	2 286.36
8-15	10.95	0.48	28.32	232.77	2 308.48
8-20	16.88	0.45	26.57	230.33	2 459.46
8-25	13.87	0.41	24.81	211.88	2 400.96
8-30	11.62	0.42	25.79	211.05	2 504.90
8-31	9.33	0.46	27.83	267.33	2 642.25
9-1	9.63	0.46	25.83	290.25	2 372.33
9-4	12.07	0.40	23.26	147.69	2 487.01
9-14	10.57	0.38	24.85	134.47	2 625.72
9-17	12.99	0.38	23.67	185.68	2 458.79
9-20	15.29	0.40	23.51	168.72	2 091.96
9-23	16.19	0.40	24.75	218.53	2 156.79
9-26	15.14	0.40	24.06	194.22	2 366.25
9-30	8.88	0.43	25.22	215.40	2 274.94

日期 Date（m-d）	风速 Wind speed/ （m·s^-1）	日照小时累计 Accumulated sunshine hours/min	日照日累计 Daily sunshine accumulation/h	总辐射 Total radiation/（MJ·m^-2）	二氧化碳含量 Carbon dioxide content/%
7-1	16.21	0.46	28.67	235.67	1 102.92
7-5	16.25	0.53	31.88	309.23	1 133.40
7-10	13.20	0.53	31.53	289.74	1 173.18
7-15	13.60	0.51	30.07	285.40	1 267.64
7-20	15.36	0.54	31.88	291.33	1 650.48
7-25	15.66	0.48	28.85	222.62	2 234.31
7-30	12.21	0.49	28.97	228.16	2 148.84
7-31	17.13	0.51	29.50	275.67	2 114.79
8-1	11.67	0.50	29.54	270.88	2 166.96
8-5	11.85	0.47	28.16	205.94	2 381.68
8-10	14.01	0.45	27.32	210.16	2 286.36
8-15	10.95	0.48	28.32	232.77	2 308.48
8-20	16.88	0.45	26.57	230.33	2 459.46
8-25	13.87	0.41	24.81	211.88	2 400.96
8-30	11.62	0.42	25.79	211.05	2 504.90
8-31	9.33	0.46	27.83	267.33	2 642.25
9-1	9.63	0.46	25.83	290.25	2 372.33
9-4	12.07	0.40	23.26	147.69	2 487.01
9-14	10.57	0.38	24.85	134.47	2 625.72
9-17	12.99	0.38	23.67	185.68	2 458.79
9-20	15.29	0.40	23.51	168.72	2 091.96
9-23	16.19	0.40	24.75	218.53	2 156.79
9-26	15.14	0.40	24.06	194.22	2 366.25
9-30	8.88	0.43	25.22	215.40	2 274.94

气象因子 Meteorological factors	酒石酸含量 Tartaric acid content
日平均温度 Daily average temperature	0.726^*
日最高温度 Daily maximum temperature	0.560
日最低温度 Daily minimum temperature	0.836^*
日平均湿度 Daily average humidity	-0.821^*
昼夜温差 Temperature difference between day and night	-0.486
日最高湿度 Daily maximum humidity	-0.791^*
日最低湿度 Daily minimum humidity	-0.662
日平均总辐射 Daily average total radiation	-0.007
日平均二氧化碳含量 Daily average carbon dioxide content	-0.650
日照日累计时数 Accumulated sunshine hours per day	0.954^**
日平均5 cm地温 Daily average ground temperature of 5 cm	0.748^*
日平均10 cm地温 Daily average ground temperature of 10 cm	0.741^*
日平均15 cm地温 Daily average ground temperature of 15 cm	0.731^*
日平均20 cm地温 Daily average ground temperature of 20 cm	0.708^*
日平均40 cm地温 Daily average ground temperature of 40 cm	0.661
日平均5 cm土壤湿度 Daily average 5 cm soil moisture	-0.492
日平均10 cm土壤湿度 Daily average 10 cm soil moisture	-0.504
日平均15 cm土壤湿度 Daily average 15 cm soil moisture	-0.081
日平均20 cm土壤湿度 Daily average 20 cm soil moisture	0.393
日平均40 cm土壤湿度 Daily average 40 cm soil moisture	0.663