Abstract: Triglycerides is the main storage form of oil in plant seed. Both fatty acids and triglycerides possessed important functions in the process of plant growth and development. This paper analyzed the research progress in oil regulation and synthesis metabolism process of plant seed; and summarized the strategies for the improvement of plant seed oil: ① to regulate carbon distribution by inhibiting the expression of genes encoding key enzymes, allocating carbon source into the protein synthesis pathway; and enhancing the expression of key genes encoding key enzymes, leading carbon source into the synthesis pathway of fatty acid; ② to intervene lipid synthesis by promoting biosynthesis fatty acids, and improving the expression level of key genes encoding enzymes in TAG assembly process; ③ to improve seed oil quality by altering plant fatty acid composition, and regulating the gene expression of fatty acid desaturase; and introducing exogenous synthesis pathway of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; ④ to regulate the expression of transcription factors for lipid synthesis metabolism to increase seed oil content. Besides, the paper also discussed the mechanism of TAG precursors synthesis and the co-regulation of multiple genes in the synthesis of plant seed oil.

Key words: seed oil, synthesis metabolism, key enzyme, transcription factor, co-regulation

摘要： 植物种子油脂储存的主要形式是三酰甘油。在植物生长发育中，脂肪酸和三酰甘油具有重要功能。分析了植物种子油脂合成代谢过程调控研究进展，总结了改良植物种子油脂策略：①调节碳源分配，抑制碳源流入蛋白质合成路径的关键酶编码基因的表达、增强碳源流入脂肪酸合成路径的关键酶编码基因的表达；②干预油脂合成，促进脂肪酸生物合成，提高三酰甘油组装过程的关键酶编码基因的表达水平；③提高种子油脂的品质：改变植物脂肪酸组成，调节脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的表达，引入外源超长链多不饱和脂肪酸合成途径；④调控油脂合成代谢途径的转录因子表达，提高种子油脂含量。还讨论了植物油脂合成的三酰甘油前体转运机制及合成途径多基因共同调节合成途径等。

关键词: 种子油, 合成代谢, 关键酶, 转录因子, 共调节