Abstract: In order to improve the working performance of the hole-forming mechanism for rape seedling transplanting and to shape the planting holes with better parameters, the operation performance of the pure rolling hole forming mechanism and the optimization of relevant parameters were studied by combining the simulation and the soil slot test. The EDEM was used to simulate the soil test and generate the model of pore-forming mechanism. The vertical length and effective depth of the opening were taken as the response, and then the performance of pore-forming under different hole diameters, cone chamfer and depths of penetration were researched. Based on the response surface method, the parameters of the hole-forming mechanism were optimized, and the Box-Behnken test of Design-expert software was used to design and execute the agent model. The optimization parameters of Design-expert software produced the optimal solutions: the hole diameter was 35 mm, the chamfer angle was 64 °, and the depth of soil entry was 68 mm. The simulation and soil-bin test results showed that the average relative error of the length of the openings was only 4.0%, the average relative error of the effective depth was 5.68%, the predicted values of vertical length and effective depth of the optimal opening were 87.9 mm and 48.1 mm, respectively. Under the optimal parameter set, the effective depth was 47.2 mm and the length of the opening was 84.4 mm. This study optimized the operating parameters of the cavitation device and improved the cavitation effect, which provided reference for research on the interaction between the cavitation mechanism and soil.

Key words: hole-forming machine, planting hole, rape seedling transplanting, discrete element simulation, parameter optimization, performance simulation

摘要： 为提高油菜移栽成穴装置作业性能，成型更优参数的栽植穴，采用模拟仿真和土槽试验相结合的方法研究成穴作业性能，优化成穴装置作业参数。运用EDEM软件仿真生成土壤与成穴装置，以栽植穴开口纵长和有效深度为响应值，结合响应面法Box-Behnken试验设计，模拟研究不同作业参数下的成穴效果，完成参数寻优。得出作业参数最优组合：穴刺直径35 mm、锥尖倒角64°、入土深度68 mm。土槽试验和仿真试验对比结果表明，开口纵长和有效深度平均相对误差分别为4.0%和5.68%，最优参数下土槽试验中栽植穴的有效深度47.2 mm、开口纵长84.4 mm。该研究优化了成穴装置作业参数，提高成穴作业效果，为今后的成穴机构与土壤相互作用关系的研究提供技术支持。

关键词: 成穴装置, 栽植穴, 油菜移栽, 离散元, 参数优化, 性能仿真