Table of Content

15 July 2019, Volume 21 Issue 7

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Impact Analysis of Agricultural Technological Progress Mode on Grain Production Capacity——Based on the Provincial Panel Data of Three Major Grain Crops in 1999-2016

SUN Yuzhu1, SUN Yongzhen2, WU Jingxue1, YAN Yan1*

2019, 21(7):  1-9.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0597

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Agricultural technological progress is the main reason for the growth of Chinas grain production capacity. In order to determine the types of technological progress of wheat, corn and rice at different stages, and analyze the dominant technological progress mode affecting grain production，based on the provincial panel data of wheat, corn and rice from 1999 to 2016, and the theory of technological progress, this study used the E-S model and C-D function to calculate the contribution rate of the three major grain technological progress, and made periodic discrimination of the technological progress mode to decompose the contribution rate of biochemical technology and mechanical technology to the grain technological progress. The results showed that the average annual technological progress rate of Chinas wheat, corn and early rice (on behalf of rice) from 1999 to 2016 were 0.67%, 0.19% and 0.06%, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the keys to solve the problem of grain at the present stage were to rely on improving breeding ability, fertilization, irrigation and other ways to improve land productivity, and to rely on continuous raising the level of mechanization to improve labor productivity, increase comprehensive grain productivity, standardize production cultivation process, give full play to the biochemistry class into technical efficiency, and improve food technological achievements conversion, etc..

Research Status and Prospect of Automatic Pesticide Mixing Device

QI Haixia1,2, LIAO Hai1,2, LAN Yubin1,2*

2019, 21(7):  10-18.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0779

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At present, the control of crop pests and diseases in China mainly relies on pesticide application. Most of the pesticide formulations need to be diluted with water and formulated into a certain concentration before application. In recent years, Chinas agricultural aviation has developed rapidly, and the demand for intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment for agricultural aviation has become very urgent. This paper summarized the types of automatic pesticide mixing devices and the characteristics of automatic pesticide mixing devices; through the analysis of the research and development of pesticide automatic mixing devices, this paper also clarified the problems of domestic pesticide automatic mixing devices, and expected the development of pesticide mixing devices in the future, which laid the foundation for subsequent research directions.

Observation and Analysis of Dominant Genetic Pattern of BNS Male Sterility in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

CAO Yinping, YANG Jing, WEI Xiao, YANG Jinhua, RU Zhengang, LI Youyong*

2019, 21(7):  19-30.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0515

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BNS (Bai-Nong Sterility) is a new type of thermo-sensitive male-sterile wheat line. It has complete sterility and high self-conversion. So it is of great application value for wheat cross-breeding. In order to reveal BNS genetic pattern, a total of 455 normal fertile wheat varieties were crossed with this sterile line. The results showed that the self-seedset rate of F1 hybrids was continuously distribution，but non-normal, from 0 to 91% with average value of 24.52%. The high sterile combinations with self-seedset rate as same as BNS accounted for 15.42% of the total combination number, and the high recovery combinations with the self-seedset rate as same as father parent was only 0.88%. The others were part-sterility with the sterility from low to high. When typical sterile combinations were crossed reciprocally, it was shown that the seedset rate was increased, but it was still low fertile type, and far from fertile level, which indicated that BNS was genic male sterility (GMS), not cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility(CMS). Under the model of GMS, the results that there were a large number of male sterile combinations in F1 meant that the sterility of BNS was dominant, and the results that there were also complete recovered combinations in F1 indicated that there was restorer gene(s) in father parent, which was non-allelic of sterile gene. Therefore, the genetic pattern of BNS sterility should be dominant sterility and non-allelic dominant recovery. By the segregation in F2 of typical sterile combination, two pairs of sterile major genes were estimated. And by the segregation in F2 of typical restoration combination, two pairs of restorer major genes were also estimated. According to the numbers of sterile and restoring genes, the genotypes of BNS, male sterility maintaining parent, male sterile restoring parent were inferred respectively. Then these genotypes were tested with the methods of self-cross and test-cross. Using the test-cross method, the gene segregation in F1 of fertile combinations were tested by BNS, and sterile combinations were tested by "Zhengmai 366" that was a maintaining sterility father parent. A total of 16 F2 and 20 Ft were observed in 4 years. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the observed segregation ratio and the expected theoretical segregation ratio of the self-seedset rate in F2 and Ft, suggesting that the genetic model of “dominant male sterility and non-allelic dominant restoration of male sterility” for BNS was verified to be established.

Map-based Cloning of the Light Response Gene Nfm1 in Rice

DING Yifeng1,2, YANG Jixuan1, CHEN Guoxin1, WANG Yanwei1, ZHANG Zhiguo1*

2019, 21(7):  31-36.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0019

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The heading stage of rice is an important agronomic trait, which determines the regional and seasonal adaptability of the variety, thus it was considered one of the main target traits by rice breeders. Although some of the major genes controlling rice heading stage have been cloned in the early researches, the identification of the regulatory factors controlling rice heading stage is still very limited. By screening the rice mutant library, a non-flowering mutant (nfm1) was obtained under long-day conditions (LD), and the mutant nfm1 was able to flower normally under short-day conditions. Using map-based cloning, the Nfm1 gene was located between two molecular markers, InDel1 and InDel2, in the 50 kb interval, which contained four genes. LOC_Os09g13740 was identified as a candidate gene for Nfm1 after sequence analysis. In the mutant nfm1, the serine at position 242 of the sixth exon of the LOC_Os09g13740 gene was mutated to isoleucine. The mutant nfm1 and the reported rice mutant lvp1-1 were alleles. The Nfm1 encoded a histone methyltransferase SDG724 containing the SET domain. It was noteworthy that under short-day conditions, the mutant nfm1 significantly increased the number of grains per panicle, indicating that the weak expression of the LOC_Os09g13740 gene might have potential production potential in the adapted ecoregion. Above results provided references for breeding rice varieties adapted to different ecological regions.

Effects of Cs+ on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Vicia faba L. Seedlings

CHEN Shuangshuang, DAI Ling, HONG Zixi, DENG Li, WU Guo*

2019, 21(7):  37-46.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0367

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In order to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzymes of Vicia faba L. responded to Cs+ stress, this study sprayed the potted planting V. faba with 0~200 mg/L concentrations of Cs+ solution simulating soil contamination by 137Cs subsidence with rain; and measured the changes in photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of V. faba seedlings. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of leaves increased firstly then decreased with the increasing of Cs+ concentration. The photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased after low concentration (25 mg/L) Cs+ treatment, whereas decreased slightly with high concentration (200 mg/L) treatment. Furthermore, the transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly increased, but the conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport (ΦPS Ⅱ), photochemical quenching (qP) and photosynthetic electronic transport rate (ETR) did not change significantly. However, non-photochemical quenching (qNP) increased significantly under the treatments of 50 mg/L and 200 mg/L. Thus, the non-photochemical dissipation of V. faba was enhanced. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) decreased significantly under different treatments. The responses of POD and APX to Cs+ stress were stronger than that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Correlation analysis indicated that Pn, POD and APX activity of V. faba were negatively correlated with the concentration of Cs+ in vivo. The results indicated that V. faba seedlings had strong tolerance to Cs+ stress and a better Cs+ enrichment capacity, mainly storing up in root and with strengthened security. Thus, V. faba seedlings had greater potential in application for repairing soil Cs+ contamination.

Diversity Analysis of Fungus Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Grape

SHI Fangfang, LI Xiangquan*

2019, 21(7):  47-58.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0484

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In order to investigate the diversity of fungus community in grape rhizosphere soil of different grape planting regions of the 12th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, this paper took grape rhizosphere soil samples of 6 different regions, including Wuyi nongchang (WY), Sanping nongchang (SP), Toutunhe nongchang (TTH), 221 tuanchang (221), 222 tuanchang (222), and Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NKS), as test material to detecte soil physical and chemical properties and microbial species and analyze soil fungus 18S RNA V2 region of grape rhizosphere soil by high-throughout sequencing technology. The results indicated that the nutrient contents of NKS soil were all in the extreme abundant grade. The result of 18S RNA sequencing showed that there were differences in the fungal community composition of different regions. The flora structure of fungi was similar between SP and WY, 221 and 222, NKS and TTH. Among them, Ascomycetes fungus accounted for about 80%, 60% and 30% of the total species, respectively. While Basidiomycota fungus in NKS were significantly higher than the other 5 regions, accounting for 47% of the total flora. Alpha analysis revealed that the fungi diversity was the highest in 222, followed by 221 and SP was the lowest. Beta diversity analysis suggested that the fungi population constituent in 222 and 221 in grape rhizosphere soil were the most similar. There was a positive correlation between soil environment factors of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil fungal community, which indicated that the fungal community constituent and genetic diversity level could be changed through regulating soil nutrient fertility. These results were of guiding significance for improving soil fertility from fungi level and evaluating grape soil quality. At the same time, the results provided references for future fertilization strategy in grape production area of the 12th Division in Xinjiang.

Research Advance on Computer Vision in Behavioral Analysis of Pigs

LI Dan, CHEN Yifei*, LI Xingjian, PU Dong

2019, 21(7):  59-69.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0533

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With continuously extending of pig breeding scale and quantity in China, husbandry informatization will be an important supervise model for pig breeding industry at present and in the future. As an effective support technology for information processing, computer vision technology has provided a behavior recognition method with automatic, non-contact, low-cost, high profit and yet non-injury and non-stress for animals. It is capable for assessing pig health condition, timely preventing and diagnosing diseases. This paper introduced pig behavior recognition vision system; reviewed the application of vision technology in pig target extraction and individual recognition, behavior recognition analysis, and algorithm; and analyzed the existing problems in accuracy, effectiveness and applicability of existing visual system and behavior recognition method. Before ending, the paper put forward several strategy for improving visual system, and key research direction for applying computer vision technology in pig individual and behavior recognition.

Simulation and Experiment on Hole-forming Performance of Hole-forming Mechanism for Rape Seedling Transplanting Based on EDEM

XIANG Wei1,2, WU Mingliang1*, LYU Jiangnan2, MA Lan2, QUAN Wei1, LIU Jiajie2, XIAO Le3

2019, 21(7):  70-81.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0794

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In order to improve the working performance of the hole-forming mechanism for rape seedling transplanting and to shape the planting holes with better parameters, the operation performance of the pure rolling hole forming mechanism and the optimization of relevant parameters were studied by combining the simulation and the soil slot test. The EDEM was used to simulate the soil test and generate the model of pore-forming mechanism. The vertical length and effective depth of the opening were taken as the response, and then the performance of pore-forming under different hole diameters, cone chamfer and depths of penetration were researched. Based on the response surface method, the parameters of the hole-forming mechanism were optimized, and the Box-Behnken test of Design-expert software was used to design and execute the agent model. The optimization parameters of Design-expert software produced the optimal solutions: the hole diameter was 35 mm, the chamfer angle was 64 °, and the depth of soil entry was 68 mm. The simulation and soil-bin test results showed that the average relative error of the length of the openings was only 4.0%, the average relative error of the effective depth was 5.68%, the predicted values of vertical length and effective depth of the optimal opening were 87.9 mm and 48.1 mm, respectively. Under the optimal parameter set, the effective depth was 47.2 mm and the length of the opening was 84.4 mm. This study optimized the operating parameters of the cavitation device and improved the cavitation effect, which provided reference for research on the interaction between the cavitation mechanism and soil.

Research and Application of Prediction Model of Subcompartment Volume for Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Based on Back Propagation Neural Network

CHEN Yuling1, WU Baoguo1*, CUI Yan 2, WEI Yanjun3

2019, 21(7):  82-93.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0410

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Stand volume is an important indicator to measure stand productivity of subcompartment. Using subcompartment data of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr plantation, this paper established two stand volume prediction models based on BP neural network and multiple regression, with stand age, site index and stand density as input variables and stand volume as the output variable. At the same time, the prediction results of the two models were compared. The results showed that: ① the optimal parameters combination of the BP neural network was the three layer network structure included the input layer of three neurons. the hidden layer of ten neurons and one neuron, the output layer of one neuron. The batch gradient descent method with momentum method was used in R language or Levevberg-Marquardt method in MATLAB software; ② in the multivariate regression model, the combination of “Logistic + power function”, V=SI0.977 2N0.510 3 0.500 1/\[1+44.226 1exp(-0.146 6t)\] in the modified function based on the growth theory equation was the best, and the coefficient of model fitting determination was R2=0.721 8; ③ in the prediction accuracy the BP model had optimal performance, followed by the multiple regression model, and finally volume table. Based on the above research, in order to improve the practicability of BP model, through JAVA and R language programming, BP neural network prediction model of subcompartment volume was constructed and stored in the stand volume yield prediction model of knowledge base, which could achieve the development of the classic mathematical model from the form of intelligent software, make the forestry staff use the intelligent system to easily fit and call the better fitting effect of the model to improve the BP model in the actual production of the operability, and provide decision support for forest management operations.

Application Progress of Biological Insecticides in Bee Production

CHENG Bingxiao, ZHANG Dawei, YANG Liu, WEI Yue*, MA Jingjun*

2019, 21(7):  94-101.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0032

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Using chemical pesticides in apiculture production can effectively resist diseases and pests, but may at the same time bring certain degree of pollution to bee products. Therefore, it is imperative to develop environment friendly biological pesticides. In recent years, low toxicity and low residue biopesticides have been widely used in apiculture production. This paper introduced in detail the common biopesticides, their classification and action mechanism; and summarized the application of biological pesticides in bee pest and disease control at home and abroad. Finally, the paper evaluated the feasibility of applying biopesticides in apiculture production, aiming at providing safer and efficient methods for beekeepers to control bee diseases and pests, so as to realize the reasonable application of biopesticides in apiculture production.

Construction of Early-warning Index System of Eogystia hippophaecolus in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Plantation

MEN Lina1,2, WANG Lijun1, ZHANG Yuhong3, CAO Yue1, HAN Youzhi1,2*, ZHANG Zhiwei1,2*

2019, 21(7):  102-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0479

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Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.) is a pioneer tree species for windbreak and sand fixation, soil and water conservation and soil improvement, and is an important biological resource for regional economic development and biodiversity conservation. However, Hippophae rhamnoides plantation is susceptible to Eogystia hippophaecolus, a stem and root-boring pest. In order to explore and establish a quantitative early warning system for E. hippophaecolus disasters, and guide the prevention and control of inner feeding insects, this paper provided quantitative monitoring and early warning results for prevention and control of E. hippophaecolus. The index system of hazard warning for E. hippophaecolus was established combining indicator early-warning method with object property parsing method, and the police source, warning signs and police intelligence during the catastrophe process of E. hippophaecolus were evaluated as well. Taking the seabuckthorn plantation in Jinzhong city of Shanxi province as the sample area, the occurrence of the disasters of E. hippophaecolus was predicted. The results showed that the warning source, warning sign and police intelligence value were 22.9, 23.2 and 20.7, respectively, and the integrated warning value was 66.8, which meet the requirements of the police rating. The accuracy and practicability of the system were verified by applying the system to the prediction of the E. hippophaecolus disaster in artificial seabuckthorn forest in Jinzhong region of Shanxi province. It provided effective support for the construction of a forest pest hazard monitoring and early warning system, and provided a reference for the construction of disaster warning index systems for other wood borers. The pest damage degree was estimated, and the accurate positioning and early warning signals were issued as well, which provided information for further quantification of prevention and control measures to reduce the economic losses caused by the pest.

Screening and Functional Identification of Cephalosporin Degrading Bacteria Achromobacter sp. YF-1

ZHANG Yongfang1, WANG Mingming2, ZHANG Dongxu1*, LI Baoyuan1, BAI Hai1, ZHANG Hongchi1, ZHANG Hongli1, SONG Qian1, ZHANG Di1, LI Shuyou3

2019, 21(7):  112-119.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0257

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In order to conduct rational and pollution-free utilization of waste cephalosporin drug residues, this paper took the soil loaded for a long time by cephalosporin drug residues as specimen source; obtained leaching liquid from the soil; and screened out the strains with ability of cephalosporin antibiotic degradation by the 3rd generation of cephalosporin drug cefixime. Morphological observation was carried on this strain by gram staining and double staining electron microscope ultrathin section technique, and gene sequence analysis was conducted on 16S rDNA. The growth characteristics and optimum degradation conditions of the strain were studied by single factor control variable method. The results showed that: This strain was a bacillus without spore; it was confirmed as genus Achromobacter and named as Achromobacter sp.YF-1 through 16S rDNA sequence alignment; under the conditions of temperature 37℃, pH 6~7, revolving speed 120 r/min for 7 d cultivation, the degradation rate of cephalosprins could reach 92.71%; the degradation ability to cephalosprins of this strain was stable, and could be used to treat cephalosporin antibiotics residual.

Effect of Emitter Clogging on Water-soluble Fertilizer in Drip Irrigation System

XIA Binyun, CHEN Hong*, LI Shanjun, ZHANG Yanlin, SHAO Xian, SUN Guoliao, XIONG Junqiang

2019, 21(7):  120-127.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0398

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In order to study the influence of drip flow and other factors on the clogging of drip irrigation system, and to guide the management of drip irrigation system against clogging, using the relative flow rate as the evaluation index of clogging degree, this paper analyzed the effects of concentration, dripper flow rate, dripper pressure, different filters, and different types of dripper on the emitter clogging through single factor test, and carried out orthogonal test to find out the best irrigation method against clogging. The results showed that, with the increasing of the dilution of fertilizer, the dripper and the filter were more likely to clog. The greater the flow of drip irrigation dripper, the greater the relative flow and the dripper was less likely to be clogged. The relative flow rate increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the dripper pressure, great pressure could cause dripper clogging. So in the process of agricultural irrigation, appropriate dripper pressure should be selected. The laminated filter had better filtration performance than the mesh filter. The pressure compensated dripper had better anti-clogging performance than the eight-hole adjustable flow dripper. The verification test was: the dilution ratio of water-soluble fertilizer 1∶200, the dripper pressure 0.1 MPa, and the dripper was a pressure-compensated dripper with a flow rate of 4 L/h.

Application of Microbial Fertilizer Instead of Fertilizer in Apple Planting

ZHANG Jie1,2, MA Yajun1, HE Zhibin1, GAO Fangfang1, ZHANG Shaohua1, WANG Chaoran1, ZHAO Danchen1

2019, 21(7):  128-135.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0483

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To investigate the effect of applying microbial fertilizer (liquid microbial agent + solid organic fertilizer) to replace partial chemical fertilizer in apple planting, this paper took Fuji apple as experimental material, and studied the effect of 7 kinds of fertilization pattern, on soil physicochemical properties, tree growth index, yield, quality and economic benefit of fruit trees, including 100% chemical fertilizer(CK), microbial fertilizer + 100% chemical fertilizer(T1), microbial fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer(T2), microbial fertilizer + 60% chemical fertilizer (T3), microbial fertilizer + 40% chemical fertilizer(T4), microbial fertilizer + 20% chemical fertilizer(T5), microbial fertilizer only (T6). Results showed that compared with the CK, adding microbial fertilizer could significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase shoot length, leaf area and chlorophyll content, promote the growth of apple trees and increase apple yield. With the application of microbial fertilizer, only 60% chemical fertilizer (T3) could satisfy the need of apple growth, improve soil quality, and maximize the net profit of orchard. It was obvious that applying microbial fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer in apple planting was feasible. This study provided theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in apple production.

Effects of Fertilization on Growth and Grass Yield of Alfalfa in Horqin Sandy Land

ZHAO Lixing1, GAO Yang1, LI Tianqi1, WANG Lin1, WANG Xianguo2, GAO Kai1,3*

2019, 21(7):  136-144.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0596

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In order to investigate the effects of fertilizing amount on alfalfa growth and yield in Horqin sandy land, the paper detected the relevant indexes, including fresh grass yield, shoot length, stem diameter, number of branches and plant height of alfalfa in Horqin sandy land under different fertilization levels, and also calculated the growth rate, ratio of stem to leaf, ratio of root to shoot, and ratio of dry weight to fresh weight. The results showed that: ① The branch length of the first stolon, stem thickness and ratio of root to shoot of the second stolon firstly increased along with the increase of fertilizing amount, then decreased. The branch number of the second stolon increased with the increase of fertilizing amount. While, that of the third stolon decreased with the increase of fertilizer application. ② Correlation analysis showed that the order of contribution to alfalfa hay yield was stem diameter > branch number > branch length. ③ The changing growth rate of alfalfa first stolon was relatively stable, and the second and third stolon alfalfa all showed the law of rapid growth in the early stage, then slowed down in the later period. ④ The total yield of alfalfa hay increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizing amount, following the law of diminishing return. The total yield of alfalfa hay reached 17 218.9 kg/hm2 when the total fertilizing amount was 656.25 kg/hm2. Therefore, it is recommended that the fertilizing amount was 375 kg/hm2(N 60 kg/hm2, P2O5 56.25 kg/hm2, K2O 56.25 kg/hm2) in period of seedling establishment, 131.25kg/hm2(N 21 kg/hm2, P2O5 19.687 5 kg/hm2, K2O 19.687 5 kg/hm2) after the first cutting, 150 kg/hm2(N 24 kg/hm2, P2O5 22.5 kg/hm2, K2O 22.5 kg/hm2) after the second cutting. And the total fertilizing amount was 656.25 kg/hm2(N 105 kg/hm2, P2O5 98.437 5 kg/hm2, K2O 98.437 5 kg/hm2). The results have provided basis for rational alfalfa fertilizer management in Horqin sandy land.

Influence of Planting Density on the Phenomenon of “High Temperature Induced Maturity” in Tobacco

ZHAO Songchao1, ZHAO Zhe1, LI Yifan1, RAO Dongming2, QIN Yanmin2, FENG Xiaohu2, ZHANG Youwu2, ZHAO Mingqin1*

2019, 21(7):  145-154.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0452

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In order to determine the influence of bacco plant density on the phenomenon of “high temperature induced maturity”, this paper designed five different planting densities: 13 500 plants/hm2, 15 000 plants/hm2, 16 500 plants/hm2, 17 250 plants/hm2, and 18 000 plants/hm2; and studied the field microclimate, the incidence rate of “high temperature induced maturity”, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the chemical component and the economic characteristics with different planting densities. The results showed that the incidence rate of “high temperature induced maturity” under the treatment of 15 000 plants/hm2 was the lowest; there was no significant correlation between field microclimate and incidence rate of “high temperature induced maturity” under this treatment, which suggested the planting density did not affect the incidence of “high temperature induced maturity” with planting density of 15 000 plants/hm2. The activities of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in tobacco leaf were more active under the treatment of 15 000 plants/hm2 than those under other treatments. Under the planting density of 15 000 plants/hm2, the chemical composition of tobacco leaf was suitable and its economic characteristics were the best. Therefore, compared with other treatments, the planting density of 15 000 plants/hm2 was conducive to improve the peroxidases activity response to stress, reduce the incidence of “high temperature induced maturity”, and improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Study on Purification of Eutrophic Water by Different Combinations of Three Aquatic Plants

LIU Min1, WU Tieming1*, LIU Han1, YU Mengjie1, XIAO Shasha1, HAN Qipeng2

2019, 21(7):  155-160.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0161

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In order to study the purification effect of aquatic plants on eutrophic water body, three aquatic plants, including Cyperus involucratus (A), Myriophylium spicatum (B), and Sparganium stoloniferum (C), were selected. Plant combinations of single, 2 or 3 species were used by simulating eutrophication water body in laboratory. The eutrophication indexes of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured. The results showed that the removal rates of ABC combination on TN, TP and COD in eutrophic water were 98.64%, 98.36% and 95.49%, respectively. With the increase of treatment time, the removal rates of TN, TP and COD in eutrophic water increased. With the increase of treatment time, the removal rates of TN,TP and COD in eutrophic water increased. At 36 d, the removal rates of TN, TP and COD in eutrophic water were significantly higher in ABC combination than those in AB,AC and BC combinations, and the later were significantly higher than those in A, B and C combinations. There were significant differences between AB, BC and AC groups in TN unit removal ability and COD unit removal ability. The results showed that under the same planting density, the removal of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in eutrophic water by three different aquatic plant combinations was higher than that of two different aquatic plant combinations. The purification effect of two different aquatic plant combinations was better than that of single aquatic plant. The results provided theoretical reference and application guidance for eutrophication purification of aquatic plants.

Large-scale DNA Extraction and Optimization of Detection System for Wheat Seeds

2019, 21(7):  161-169.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0094

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Based on the industry standard of wheat authenticity SSR (NY/T 2859-2015), this study developed a rapid and large-scale DNA extraction method for wheat seeds, and optimized the content of components in the reaction system toprovide technical support for rapid enforcement of wheat authenticity law. By comparing the DNA quality, concentration and PCR amplification effect that extracted by five methods such as SDS, CTAB, high-salt low-pH, rapid extraction and kit, it was found that the improved method of the high-salt low-pH could meet the demand of 42 SSR primers for repeated identification in wheat authenticity identification. It was the better method for 96-well deep-hole plate and automated liquid transfer station. The results of further optimization showed that the concentration of this method at room temperature was 25% higher than that at at 65℃, but the quality and concentration of DNA extracted at both temperatures could meet the requirements of variety identification. The highest concentration of DNA was obtained with 0.5-fold volume of precooled isopropanol, and with 0.6-fold volume of isopropanol at room temperature. The optimal primer concentration and template concentration of 42 pairs of primers in the standard were optimized. The results showed that when the reaction system was 20 μL, the final primer concentration was 0.437 5 μmol/L, and the final template concentration was 10 ng/μL, the amplification efficiency was relatively high, and the amplification products were stable, which could meet the needs of multiple electrophoresis.