Table of Content

15 August 2019, Volume 21 Issue 8

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Study on Production and Consumption Characteristics and Industrial Development Trends of Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean in China

HAN Xinru, SONG Lili*

2019, 21(8):  1-10.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.717

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Under the background of the agricultural supply-side structural reform, the mung bean and Adzuki bean industry has ushered in new opportunities and developed rapidly. Research results indicated as follows: The production of mung bean and Adzuki bean in China showed a trend of recovery growth, and the regional layout changes slightly; the quantity of export fluctuates smoothly, while the quantity of import was relatively stable. It was expected that the demand and the added value of mung bean and Adzuki bean in China would continue to increase in future. However, the market risk would continue to increase as well, while the scientific support would not be able to meet the needs of industrial development in the short term. To achieve healthy and sustainable development of mung bean and Adzuki bean industry, it was recommended to establish a large-scale, standardized production base for mung bean and Adzuki bean. Then, the financial support policy and investment in scientific research for mung bean and Adzuki bean industry should be noticed. Finally, the information network construction for mung bean and Adzuki bean should be improved.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the YABBY Family Genes of Wheat (Trticum aestivum L.)

GE Chuan1, YANG Rong2, LI Liujun2, ZHANG Jiancheng2, ZHENG Xingwei2*

2019, 21(8):  11-18.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0047

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YABBY family is plant-specific transcription factors and plays important roles in the regulation of lateral organ polarity and growth. In silico identification, bioinformatics and expression analysis of YABBY family genes in wheat (Trticum aestivum L.) can provide theoretical basis for exploring the roles of YABBY transcription factors in wheat. The YABBY genes in wheat were genome-widely identified in the wheat genome database according to sequences of YABBY genes from Arabidopsis and rice by BLAST software. Bioinformatics analysis of YABBY were carried out by MEME, GSDS, MEGA and PlantCARE softwares. The expression profiles were drawn based on the data from public RNA-Seq results. Total of 18 YABBY genes were identified from wheat genome, which were divided into 5 classes. Motif analysis showed that the TaYABBY proteins had C2C2 and YABBY conserved motifs. Multiple cis-elements were found in 1 000 upstream sequences of TaYABBY genes which responsed to stress and hormone response. The expression profile showed that TaYABBY genes had tissue specificity.

Identification and Analysis of CCCH Gene Family in Maize

GUO Dong, SONG Yafei, ZHANG Jiakuo, YUAN Huimin, DU Mei, LIU Yinghui*, YUAN Huifu*

2019, 21(8):  19-27.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0541

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The CCCH zinc finger protein has closely related to plant biotic and abiotic stress, growth and disease resistance. Taking corn as material, 63 CCCH genes were identified and named as ZmCCCHs by online tools and public databases. The bioinformatics analysis of CCCH genes in maize and rice, Arabidopsis thaliana and Dendrobium candidum were carried out. The results showed that the CCCHs of maize were unevenly distributed on all chromosome. The length of the protein amino acid sequences were among 110~962 aa. The ZmCCCH genes had relatively conserved structure including CCCH domain, WD40 domain, C2H2 domain and C3HC4 domain, and the CCCH proteins contained two α-helices and four β-sheet domains. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that maize CCCH protein had high homology with rice CCCH protein sequence. This study provided reference for further study of the function and expression regulation of this gene family.

Winter Freezing Damage Index and Its Effect on Wine Grapes in Eastern Part of Helan Mountain of Ningxia

WANG Lianxi1, QIN Wensi1, HAN Yingjuan2*, CHENG Wei1, LI Qi1

2019, 21(8):  28-35.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0490

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Ningxia is one of the best ecological regions for the production of Chinese wine grapes. However, due to the topography and special geographical location of Ningxia, wine grapes are threatened by cold waves and even freezing during the winter, so how to live through winter safely for wine grapes has become a big problem. In this paper, the integrate freezing damage index (IFDX) of Ningxia wine grapes was established based on the daily temperature data at Yongning weather station from 1980 to 2016, including the extreme minimum temperatures in winter, the low temperature duration (lowest temperature≤19℃), the average winter minimum temperature and the average winter temperature by using the principal component analysis. the IFDX feature was analyzed through Mann-Kendall mutation test and Morlet wavelet. The results showed that the IFDX could reflect the freezing damage of wine grapes better in Ningxia Helan Mountain, and the IFDX was smaller, the damage was more serious. The wine grapes reached the critical point to damage when IFDX<0. In the past 36 a, the IFDX of wine grapes was on the rise, and there was a mutation around 1995. The interdecadal variation of IFDX sequence was obvious with a periodic signal about 25~30 a, from the large-scale background of wavelet coefficients, the positive center had not been closed yet. It could be inferred from the positive range of the wavelet coefficients that the composite index would still in the positive area for a period of time in the future. The results could provide direction for monitoring and warning Ningxia wine grapes freezing damage.

Isolation of High Efficient Cellulose Decomposing Bacteria and Biological Effects on Straw Degradation

WANG Wei1, ZHENG Dahao1, YANG Chaobo2, LI Yong1, WANG Wei1, LI Xiying1,3*

2019, 21(8):  36-46.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0670

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Straw returning can improve soil fertility, protect ecological environment and promote sustainable agricultural development. Soil microorganisms, especially those associated with cellulose degradation play an important role during the process of straw returning. The plate dilution method on carboxymethyl cellulose solid medium and enrichment method on Hutcherson filter paper strip liquid medium were used for cellulose-decomposing bacteria separation from soils long-term piled up with agricultural straw. The high efficiency cellulose decomposing bacteria were screened by Congo red staining and CMC enzyme activity assay. The culture characteristics, morphological characteristics and molecular biological methods were used to identify the bacteria strains. The weight loss rate of corn stalks, the content and degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were determined to study the effect of cellulose-decomposing bacteria on degradation of corn stalks. And the effect of corn stalks powder treated by the strains on the growth of Perilla frutescens and Brassica napus was determined by pot experiments. The results showed that high-efficiency cellulose decomposition bacteria strains HLF4 and YDL3 were selected from the 16 isolated cellulose decomposition bacteria. The strain of YDL3 and HLF4 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces badius. The degradation powder of corn straw treated with single HLF4 and YDL3 strains and mixed strains were all better than the control. The weight loss rate, hemicellulose degradation rate, cellulose degradation rate and lignin degradation rate treated with mixed HLF4 and YDL3 strains were the highest, and were higher than the control by 52.00%, 46.65%, 42.11% and 31.19%, respectively. The enzymatic activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (hydrogen peroxidase), as well as chlorophyll content and growth indexes of P. frutescens and B. napus treated by returning straw degraded with the cellulose decomposition bacteria were significantly higher than those of the control, the mixed treatment were the best one. Above all, HLF4 and YDL3 bacteria strains screened in present research had strong ability to decompose cellulose, and their mixed composition had the highest ability, which could be used as high-efficient cellulose decomposing bacteria in field planting.

Research Progress of GBS Technology in Plant

QIAO Yan1,2, SUN Jiaqing1,2, WEI Ruqian2, LIU Yue1,2,3*

2019, 21(8):  47-55.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0625

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With the development of high throughput sequencing technology, GBS (genotyping by sequencing) technique, an economic technique to discover SNP and genotype myriad of crop germpasms in an effective way, has been developed, which avoids the deficiency of traditional genotypic identification methods. It has been widely used in many fields including construction of genetic map, genome-wide association study,genetic diversity and germplasm dentification and variety identification. In this paper, the research progress of GBS technology in plants was reviewed from the principle, process, characteristics and application. And the research emphasis on GBS technology was putting forward in the future, which was expected to provide reference for the future research of GBS technology on plants.

Advance on Crop Resistant Starch

LI Yanfang, WANG Gaohong, DU Yanwei, WANG Zhenhua, CHENG Kai, WANG Yuwen, ZHAO Genyou, ZHAO Jinfeng*, YU Aili

2019, 21(8):  56-62.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0024

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Resistant starch (RS) is a healthy dietary fiber and has direct effects in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels, serum cholesterol levels and glycemic index. Therefore, RS plays an important role in preventing and improving non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. In addition, RS shows its potential value in the development of high-quality foodstuffs, such as bread and dumplings. This paper summarized the functions and types of RS and especially the RS-related genes and molecular mechanism, which was expected to provide valuable information for the further study and molecular breeding of RS in crop.

Analysis of Terrain Factor Characteristics of Purple soil Region Based on GIS

ZHAO Weijun1, DONG Qiqun1, ZHANG Guangying1, QIN Wei2*, LI Hongxi1, WANG Yafei1, YANG Ruoxiao1

2019, 21(8):  63-70.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0220

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In order to explore the specific distribution characteristics of terrain factors in purple soil region, based on ASTER GDEM(30 m resolution ratio), this paper extracted and analyzed the distribution characteristics of terrain factors, including slope gradient, slope length, slope and length factor (LS factor) and gully density, etc. terrain factors by spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS. The results showed that the proportion of steep slope (>15°) was 58% in the whole region, that in Qinba mountain region was the largest, reaching 80%; that in the regions with slope length within the scope of 0~40 cm took 60%, mainly concentrated in Sichuan and Chongqing mountain hilly regions. The proportion with LS factor value >15 was 55%, mainly distributed in Qinba mountain region and Wuling mountain and hilly regions, with the same slope distribution. The gully density of purple soil region was 0.69 km/km2, that in Sichuan and Chongqing mountain and hilly regions were the least, only 0.57 km/km2, being inferior to 17.39% of the average scale gully density value. The results provided scientific basis for soil erosion assessment, soil erosion prediction, and ecological repair and reconstruction in the purple soil regions.

Displacement Analysis of Potato Relative to Separation Sieve and Separation Sieve Performance Test

XIE Shengshi, WANG Chunguang*, DENG Weigang

2019, 21(8):  71-81.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0492

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In order to solve the problems of the ambiguous separating mechanism of swing separation sieve and the improper match of operation parameters, by field experiment this paper obtained variation rule of separation sieve parameters such as the displacements of potato relative to sieve on the soilless sieve surface and soil sieve surface, sieve inclination and average machine forward velocity etc.,and the relationship between the indexes and the factors. The results showed that the fluctuation amplitude of potato relative to sieve increased first and then decreased with the crank speed raise, reduced with the increase of sieve inclination, and increased with the increment of machine forward speed. The fluctuation amplitude of potato at the soil sieve surface was higher than that at the soilless sieve surface. The obvious rate and abrasion rate both increased first and then decreased with the increment of crank rotational speed. With the enlarged sieve inclination, the obvious rate and abrasion rate were both declined and then increased. The effect of the machine forward speed on the obvious rate was not significant. The abrasion rate showed a tendency of first decreased and then increased with the increased machine forward speed.

Bundle Alfalfa Experimental Study on Hot Air Circulation Drying Process

LI Hailong1, CHE Gang 1*, WAN Lin1, LI Yuanyuan1, WANG Yang2, LI Yufei1

2019, 21(8):  82-89.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0566

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Because the large harvest of second crop of alfalfa in the north and the meeting with the rainy season, the quality of storage process become worse due to the lack of drying time. The heat-air circulate drying technology can overcome the technical bottleneck of high cost, low efficiency and degraded quality of the bundle drying process. Combined with the heat-air circulate drying characteristics and the picking and bundling technology, this paper studied the reasonable drying technology parameters of the alfalfa bundles. The 5HY-Ⅱ heat-air test bench was used with the temperature and humidity sensor to detect the temperature and humidity of each point in the bundle to explore the temperature and moisture transfer rules in the bundles. Taking the appearance quality and unit energy consumption of the alfalfa as the evaluation index, the orthogonal test design method was used to determine the drying technology parameters of the high moisture alfalfa bundles. The test results indicated that the obtained experimental characteristics of the square bundle drying experiment are divided into preheating stage, constant speed drying stage and stable stage. According to the sensory evaluation of color and odor, the evaluation of the bundle length and the drying temperature and the sensory evaluation index were significant and negatively correlated. According to the unit energy consumption as the evaluation index, the length and density of the bundles had significant effects on the unit energy consumption index and were negatively correlated. Using the Neuro shell combined with the real economic benefit to predict the neural network, the optimal combination of parameters for the heat-air circulate drying technology was obtained, namely: the bundle length was 285.7 mm, the drying process parameter density was 238.38 kg/m3, the drying temperature was 60.48°C, the air velocity was 1.73 m/s, and the energy consumption was 0.203 kJ/kg H2O. The study of the predicted drying technology could be used as a guide for artificially assisted dry storage of alfalfa bundles.

Numerical Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Concentration in Piglets House in Winter

ZHOU Dan1,2, GAO Yun1,3*, LEI Minggang3,4, LI Xuan1,3

2019, 21(8):  90-98.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0085

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At present, most of the swine farms adopt reduce ventilation in winter to keep warm. In order to evalute the indoor air quality under this feeding model, this paper took weaned piglet house with natural ventilation as research object, and adopted CFD technology to run numerical simutation on air velocity, temperature, CO2 concentration in natural ventilated piglet house and on the basis of environment factor spot measurement. The simulation results showed that within piglets activity area, where the breathing level height was 0.4 m and wind speed was under 0.1 m/s. There was a large airflow stagnation area in the second half of the house, mainly due to the insufficient air ventilation, the fresh air was unable to penetrate the entire pig house. The temperature distribution range was 15~21℃, the average temperature round air inlet end was around 16℃; the average temperature inside the house was 20℃, average CO2 concentration was 0.16%~0.25%, with an average concentration of 0.19%. At 6 environmental measurement points, the relative error of airflow field ranged from 0.2%~30%. The temperature field error was 2%~13%. The relative error range of CO2 concentration was 4.3%~24.2%. The relative error range between measured value and simulation value was within the acceptable limits. The temperature and CO2 concentration in the shed were not within the environmental hygiene standards. The natural ventilation model could not meet the demands of weaned piglets for winter environment. The above results laid a foundation for effectively improving the feeding and management level, and realizing the maximization of economic benefits.

Effects of Biochar on Three Pesticide Residues in Flue-cured Tobacco

DAI Kuai1, LI Jiangzhou1*, PU Tianyan1, JI Sigui1, ZHANG Limeng1, ZHANG Lu2, DUAN Shuhui3, MENG Jun4, ZHANG Cuiping1, FAN Miaomiao5

2019, 21(8):  99-106.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0593

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In order to investigate the effects of biochar on residue of pesticides frequently used in flue-cured tobacco, the effects of exogenous biochar on pesticide residues of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in tobacco leaves and its planting soil were studied by field experiments. The results showed that the contents of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in tobacco leaves with biochar application were decreased by 25.63%, 57.10% and 39.84%, respectively, after treated for 10 d, compared to the corresponding control. The metalaxyl level at 10 d after pesticides application was below the maximum residue limit standard, and α-cypermethrin and rimsulfuron levels in tobacco leaves with biochar application were reduced bellow the maximum residue limit standard at 40 d after treatment. At 10 d after pesticides treated, the contents of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in soil treated with biochar increased by 176.23%, 115.05% and 23.28%, respectively, compared with the corresponding control. In conclusion, biochar could significantly reduce the residues of α-cypermethrin, metalaxyl and rimsulfuron in tobacco leaves，and could shorten the safe interval of the 3 pesticides application in flue-cured tobacco. Moreover, biochar application significantly increased the residues of the 3 pesticides in soils. The results provided a theoretical basis for the application of biochar to control pesticide residues in crops.

Residue Dynamics of Myclobutanil in Panax notoginseng and Soil

BAO Yuanyuan1, ZHANG Xinyong2, YANG Ming1, ZHANG Yuejiang1, MAO Zhongshun3, YANG Li3, FENG Guangquan3*

2019, 21(8):  107-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0787

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Myclobutanil is regarded as a fungicide against Panax notoginseng round spot and black spot disease with good application prospect. The method for the determination and residue dynamics of myclobutanil in P. notoginseng has not been reported. In order to establish the method for the determination and residue dynamics of myclobutanil in P. notoginseng, the residue dynamic of myclobutanile in root, stem, leaf of P. notoginseng and its soil were studied by HPLC-MS, moreover the dietary safety and risk assessment were conducted based on the field trial data. The samples were separated by acetone, purified by SPE solid phase extraction, separated on a BEH-C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm), eluted with 70∶30 acetonitrile aqueous solution as the mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was performed using positive ion scanning and multi-reaction monitoring. The content of saponins in P. notoginseng root was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fortified recovery rate at level of 0.1～5.0 mg/kg ranged from 80.9%～91.9%, with relative standard deviation of 5.05%～9.3%, and the limit of quantification for myclobutanil in P. notoginseng is 0.1 μg/kg. The results showed that the decline of myclobutanil in P. notoginseng and soil followed the first-kinetic equation. The half-life of myclobutanil in P. notoginseng root, stem, leaf and soil was 6.77 d, 6.70 d, 6.63 d, and 6.03 d, respectively, when the spaying dosage was 135 g/hm2. The risk quotient was 9.5×10-5, which was much less than 1, suggested the risk was very low with a safe level. With the development of P. notoginseng, the contents of notoginsenoside Rg1 and notoginsenoside Rb1 were increasing. It was suggested that the maximum residual value of myclobutanil in P. notoginseng could be set at level of 0.2 mg/kg and the safety interval were 35 d. The results showed that myclobutanil was safe for use in controlling diseases in P. notoginseng.

Effects of Biochar and Fulvic Acid Application on Soil Properties in Tidal Flat Reclamation Region

SUN Yunpeng1,2, YANG Jinsong1*, YAO Rongjiang1, CHEN Xiaobing3

2019, 21(8):  115-121.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0357

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In order to investigate the function of, biochar and fulvic acid on improving coastal salty-alkalinity land, this paper adopted field corn planting experimental method in June 2015; and set up 6 treatments: CK, BC1, BC2, FA, BC1+FA, BC2+FA，applying biochar 7.5 t/hm2（BC1）, 30 t/hm2（BC2）, fulvic acid 1.5 t/hm2（FA） and their combinations; and studied the effects of additional materials on characteristic indexes of important soil sanility-alkalinity situation. The results indicated that BC2 treatment could reduce soil bulk density, but soil bulk density was not reduced under treatment of low biochar application quantity (BC1), and soil in research area showed a gradual degradation state of natural hardening. With the increase of biochar applying quantity, soil water holding capacity showed a degeneration tendency. Applycation of biochar and fulvic acid significantly improved the organic matter contents in soil, which was the highest level under BC2+FA condition, reaching 6.31 g/kg. Among all treatment, the phenomenon of periodic desalting and accumulation of salt in the surface soil showed an identical rule, but the salt accumulation under BC1+FA and BC2+FA treatments was obviousely lower than that of the other treatments. The results indicated that applycation of biochar and fulvic acid could increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, restrain salt accumulation and was in favour of remoulding coastal beach saline-alkali land for rapid arable land utilization. The treatment of 30 t/hm2 biochar combined with 1.5 t/hm2 fulvic acid had the best result.

Influences of Soil Preferential Flow on Carbon Transport in Liquidambar formosana and Quercus acutissima Mixed Forest

LIAN Jingwei, HU Haibo*, WANG Can, FAN Zhen

2019, 21(8):  122-131.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0411

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In order to investigate the hydrological characteristics of soil preferential flow with different rainfall intensities and its effect on carbon transport, the mixed forest of Liquidambar formosana and Quercus acutissima on Zijin Mountain of Nanjing was studied. Three simulated rainfall intensities of 10 mm，25 mm，and 50 mm were illustrated by field dying tracer method. The effects of preferential flow on soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon and water-soluble inorganic carbon were studied by calculating the contribution rate of preferential flow path. The results showed that: ① Dye coverage generally and length index of preferential flow increased with the increasing of simulated rainfall intensity. When the simulated rainfall intensity was 10 mm, 25 mm and 50 mm, the maximum dye coverage was 15.33%, 37.01% and 69.14%, respectively, and the maximum depth of soil priority flow was 27.59 cm, 35.83 cm and 42.00 cm. ② There was a significant positive correlation between the area ratio of soil priority flow and simulated rainfall intensity, a significant positive correlation with the contribution of preferential flow to water-soluble organic carbon, and a significant positive correlation between the development of preferential flow and the migration of water-soluble organic carbon in soil. There was a significant negative correlation with the evaluation index of priority process degree. ③ With the increase of rainfall intensity, the development of preferential flow could be enhanced, and the contribution rate of preferential flow to the transport of water-soluble organic carbon was 15.06%~64.04%.

Effects of Application of Miscanthus lutarioriparius-derived Biochar Based-Soil Conditioner on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

LIAO Xionghui1,2, ZHOU Xiaowei1, CAI Dan1, WANG Huiqun1,2, YI Zili1,2, XUE Shuai1,2*

2019, 21(8):  132-139.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0040

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Leaf photosynthetic charateristics are material basis and determinants of crop yield formation. In order to explore the effects of applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner on rice yield-increasing, this paper conducted pot cultivation experiment; took indica two-line hybrid rice “Shenliangyou 5814” as test material; and studied the effects of applying Miscanthus lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioners of 3 different treatments SC1, SC2, SC3 on rice heading date, leaf photosynthetic property and rice yield. Results showed that ① after applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner, the rice heading date was 4~12 d in advance, showing significant accelerating effect. Among the 3 soil conditioners, SC3 had the best accelerating effect. ② Compared with CK, after applying soil conditioner, rice Pn was significantly enhanced by 22.8％~62.4％. Soil conditioner SC2 had the most significant synergia effect. Besides, after applying soil conditioner SC1, Gs, Ci and Tr of rice leaf blades were markedly improved than those of CK by 57.0%, 8.2% and 18.2%, respectively. ③ The accumulation of photosynthetic related trace elements in rice leaves were significantly increased, the contents of Mg, Fe were increased by 22.79%～24.80%, 82.2%～89.8%, respectively. And there were no significant differences between these 3 soil conditioners (P>0.05). As for P content increasing effect, soil conditioner SC1 was obviousely higher than SC2 and SC3. ④ Compared with CK, rice yield increasing rate of these 3 soil conditioners could reach 24.2%～35.0%. Soil conditioner SC2 had the best yield increasing effect. In conclusion, applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner could advance rice heading date, improve rice photosynthetic efficiency, therefore promote the increase of rice yield.

Influences of Calcium Fertilizer on Jufeng Grape Yield and Quality

CHEN Xiuwen, CHEN Jibao, CAI Debao, ZHANG Mengya, ZHANG Jun*

2019, 21(8):  140-146.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0054

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Jufeng grape is one of the fresh grape varieties in Nanyang. Because of the problems of management technology and nutrition supply etc., there is a big difference in the quality of grape fruit with the similar products abroad, such as soft fruit, serious physiological diseases and insufficient storage resistance, and so on. This paper studied the effects of different concentration calcium fertilizer on Jufeng grape yield and quality after spraying calcium fertilizer at leaf and cluster in grape fruit expansion and mature period. The results showed that: Except the titrate acid content, the grape yield and quality increased significantly after applying calcium fertilizer. Under the treatment of dilution 3 000 times, the effects was significant, the fruit calcium content, anthocyanin content, Vc content, soluble solids content, single cluster weigh, cluster number and yield were higher 29.1%, 20.9%, 40.2%, 1.2%, 5.0%, 23.6%, 25.6% than that of control treatment, respectively. The cracking rate was lower 25.9% than that of control treatment. The results indicated that reasonably fertilizing calcium fertilizer could increase grape yield and improve grape fruit quality.

Differences of Bacteria and Fungi Community Structure in Tobacco-planting Soil of Different Continuous Cropping Years

GAO Lin1, WANG Xinwei1, SHEN Guoming1, TIAN Feng2, CHEN Qianfeng2, ZHANG Mingfa2, ZHANG Chengsheng1*

2019, 21(8):  147-152.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0660

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In order to determine the effect of different continuous cropping years on microbial community structure in tobacco-planting soil, the paper selected typical tobacco-planting regions, collected soil samples with different continuous cropping years, and analyzed differences between bacteria and fungi community structure in tobacco-planting soil with different continuous cropping years by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that the OTUs numbers of bacterial species in tobacco-planting soil for one year continuous cropping was the most, and that of fungal species for 4 years continuous cropping was the maximum. The bacteria ratio of Proteobacteria were the highest in soil with years continuous cropping. The proportion of Actinobacteria and Crenarchaeota in continuouse cropping soil showed a certain increasing trend, and at the same time, differences between soil bacteria community became large. The ratio of soil fungi were mainly Ascomycota. The proportion of Zygomycota in tobacco-planting soil fungi showed an increasing trend with the process of continuous cropping years. The fungal community composition in tobacco-planting soil for 2 and 4 years continuous cropping had certain similarity. In conclusion, continuous tobacco cropping decreased the diversity of soil bacteria and increased the diversity of fungi. Great changes had taken place in the structure of bacteria and fungi communities in tobacco-planting soil for 4 years continuous cropping.

Effects of Exogenous GA3 and IAA on Growth Regulation and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

LIU Chao1, WU Yunjie1, ZHANG Anqian1, HE Wenjun1, ZHANG Siqi1, CHEN Fang1, HE Jia1, ZHOU Fang1, YANG Tiezhao1, YE Hongchao2*

2019, 21(8):  153-160.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0237

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In order to study the effects of exogenous GA3 and IAA on tobacco growth regulation and chemical composition, the mechanism of exogenous hormones and the optimal hormone concentration were explored based on hormone and gene levelsexplore. Taking the flue-cured tobacco variety NC71 as the experimental material, this paper set different concentration treatments of exogenous hormones to detect the changes of plant height, dry matter accumulation, hormone content, related gene expression and tobacco leaf quality. The results showed that exogenous GA3 could significantly increase the plant height and pitch of flue-cured tobacco, while the relative increase of exogenous IAA was less, and the dry matter quality of tobacco plants increased with the increase of GA3 concentration. Spraying different concentrations of exogenous GA3 and IAA increased the content of GA3 and IAA in shoot tip and reduced the content of ABA and the effect of 150 mg/L was the most obvious, the exogenous GA3 of 100 mg/L and the exogenous IAA of 10 mg/L were the second exogenous. GA3 significantly reduced the expression of GAI1 gene in tobacco, and IAA also reduced the relative expression of GAI gene, but the effect was relatively weak. The content of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium in tobacco leaves sprayed with exogenous hormones increased, while the contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and chlorine decreased, and potassium in the condition of 100 mg/L exogenous GA3 combined with IAA. The ratio of chlorine to sugar and alkali was the highest, and the quality was better, so 100 mg/L exogenous GA3 and 10 mg/L exogenous IAA were sprayed 15 d after transplanting according to the principle of lessness. These results provided a basis for the application of exogenous growth regulators to flue-cured tobacco in the central part of Henan province tobacco area.

Extraction Process of Polysaccharide in Agaricus bisporus Optimized by Response Surface Method and Its Antioxidant Activity in vitro

LIANG Zhaochao, GUO Xianwei, SONG Yanjuan, MA Tianfu, WANG Feng, WANG Liyan, JING Ruiyong*

2019, 21(8):  161-168.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0458

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In order to optimize to the extraction process of polysaccharide from Agaricus bisporus, and detect its antioxidant activity in vitro, the effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio on extraction of polysaccharide were investigated by response surface method. Moreover the abilities of eliminating DPPH free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, total antioxidant activity were measured to investigate the antioxidant activity of A. bisporus polysaccharide in vitro. The results showed that the optimized extraction technological parameters of A. bisporus polysaccharide were 94℃ of extraction temperature, 3 hours of extraction time and 34 mL/g of liquid-to-soild. A. bisporus polysaccharide content extracted under the optimal condition was 5.18%, which was consistent with the predicted value. IC50 of Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide to DPPH free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals were 4.94 mg/mL and 2.77 mg/mL, respectively. Total antioxidant activity increased with the increase of polysaccharide concentration. It was showed that A. bisporus polysaccharide extracted by the optimized method had antioxidative ability in vitro. The results provided reference for comprehensive development and utilization of A. bisporus polysaccharide.