Table of Content

15 June 2019, Volume 21 Issue 6

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Enlightenment of Global Organic Farmland Change and Organic Agriculture Development to China

XIANG Yan, CHEN Yinjun*, HOU Yanlin

2019, 21(6):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0605

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1333KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the future development direction of organic agriculture and promote its moderate and healthy development in China, this paper systematically analyzed the status and trend of international organic agricultural land, the organic shares of the total agricultural land, and the organic farmland use types. The results showed that: The regional distribution of organic farmland in the world was relatively concentrated, and grassland was the dominant use type; the organic areas and organic shares were increasing in the world, the largest increase was organic pasture land; organic agriculture was still a kind of minority agriculture. In view of this, the paper suggested that organic agriculture should not be developed as major agriculture but as characteristic agriculture, and China should focus on organic pasture development in the future.

Development Status and Prospect of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment

HE Yuanling1, XING Zebing1,2*, HOU Huaming1, WU Xiaodong1

2019, 21(6):  8-19.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0481

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1504KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent agricultural machinery is a high-tech product that integrates computer technology, electronic control technology, artificial intelligence and others. It carries substantial weight in reducing the labor intensity of operators, improving the working environment of farmers, raising the efficiency of agricultural operators, reducing resource consumption and environmental damage. Therefore, this paper reviewed and summarized the research progress of intelligent agricultural machinery at home and abroad, and briefly shed light upon the problems of traditional agricultural machinery in farming production, and put emphasis on the significance of transformation from dysfunction machinery to intelligent equipment. Whats more, starting with the concept and characteristics of intelligent agricultural machinery, their development of domestic and overseas were introduced with some typical products. Meanwhile, this paper analyzed the next development focus and future trend of intelligent agricultural machinery to provide reference and guidance for the advancement of agricultural machinery industry.

RF2 Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor TabZIP3 Involved in Salt Stress Response in Wheat

GUO Guangyan§, YANG Yaling§, CAO Lu, LIU Wei, BI Caili*

2019, 21(6):  20-27.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0002

Asbtract ( )   PDF (4875KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TF) are major TF families in plants with diverse functions, but only limited reports are available about the RF2 subfamily bZIP proteins. In this study, total RNA from leaves of common wheat cv. Chinese Spring was isolated and reversely transcribed into cDNA to amplify the cDNA sequence of TabZIP3 by RT-PCR combining with RACE (rapid amplication of cDNA end) technique. The open reading frame (ORF) of TabZIP3 was 1 020 bp in length and encoded 339 amino acid residues. Conserved domain prediction indicated that TabZIP3 was a member of RF2 subfamily of bZIP proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TabZIP3 had the closest relationship with RF2b in rice. The GFP-TabZIP3 fusion protein was localized to the cell membrane in tobacco epidermal cells. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of TabZIP3 was induced by NaCl and PEG6000. Gus staining of the TabZIP3promoter: Gus transgenic Arabidopsis plants also showed the inducible expression of TabZIP3 by NaCl stress. To study the function of TabZIP3, TabZIP3-overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0. When the seeds of TabZIP3-overexpressed Arabidopsis plants and the wild type were germinated on MS medium containing 150 mmol/L NaCl for 18 d, the TabZIP3-overexpressors grew much better than those of the wild-type control, and much more proline and much lower MDA content were also detected in the Arabidopsis plants overexressing TabZIP3. The above results suggested that the wheat RF2 subfamily bZIP protein gene TabZIP3 was induced by NaCl and PEG treatment and its overexpression led to improved salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

Effects of DNA Methylation Inhibitor on Growth and Salt Tolerance of Rice Seedlings

SUN Fan1§, JI Dongwu2§, HUANG Fei1, WANG Yinxiao1, XIE Ziyan1, WANG Wensheng1*

2019, 21(6):  28-35.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0569

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2579KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

DNA methylation inhibitors can affect plant flowering, growth and stress responses by altering the genome DNA methylation level. In this study, salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice cultivars were treated with DNA methylation inhibitor at germination and seedling stages, respectively. And salt stress was applied to the treated seedlings. The results showed that the DNA methylation inhibitors treatment at germination stage resulted in a significant decrease in germination rate, and the seedlings, which showed short stature, clusters, death and other traits, and plant height, root length and dry weight were also significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, DNA methylation inhibitor could reduce the sodium ion concentration in the shoots under salt stress and increase the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Above results showed DNA methylation inhibitor affected rice growth and development and the salt tolerance in rice by changing the methylation level of genomic DNA to affect potassium and sodium ion concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities.

Epistatic QTLs Analysis of Protein and Oil Contents in Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr.) Seeds

BAI Yuzhe1, MA Yucong1, MENG Yize1, LIAN Ruijiao1, WANG Ying1, LI Xihuan1*, ZHANG Caiying2*

2019, 21(6):  36-42.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0767

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1004KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Soybean is an important crops in the world due to its high seed protein and oil contents, while the contents of seed protein and oil attributed to the quantitative traits which were controlled by multiple minor-genes. Though there were many related QTLs reported, most of them only focused on the single additive QTLs, and few of them payed attentions to the epistatic QTLs. In this paper, a soybean RIL population (ZL) was used to study the epistatic QTLs of seed protein and oil contents by analyzing ZL population using Illumina BARCSoySNP6K Beadchip and detecting the phenotypes under four different environments. The results showed that there were 48 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with protein content and 55 pairs of epistatic QTLs related to oil content in soybean seeds. Furthermore, there were 19 pairs of co-located epistatic QTLs controlling the protein and oil contents simultaneously. Among these co-located epistatic QTLs, 12 pairs of them shared the same QTL mapping regions, 2 pairs of them shared one same marker and five pairs of them had the QTLs regions not above 5 cM genetic distance, which could be regarded as the same QTL. Meanwhile, the results also showed that these epistatic QTLs located on nineteen chromosomes of soybean except for the chromosome 11. Thus, this study identified many epistatic QTLs for soybean seed protein and oil contents, which not only could be used for soybean quality genetic improvements in future, but also offered some evidences for reveal the negative relationships between seed protein and oil contents in soybean.

Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Wuyi Mingcong Tea Plant Germplasm Resources

WANG Feiquan1, FENG Hua1, LUO Shengcai2, CHEN Rongbing1, YANG Huizhu1, LI Shaohua1, ZHNAG Jianming3, ZHANG Bo1, YE Jianghua1

2019, 21(6):  43-54.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0665

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1219KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to study the genetic diversity of local tea plant germplasm resources in Wuyishan and conduct identification and evaluation on them, this paper analyzed the genetic diversity, principal components and carried out clustering analysis on 21 major agronomic traits of 41 Wuyi Mingcong tea plant germplasm resources from Wuyishan tea area. Results showed that there were abundant genetic variations among 21 agronomic traits of 41 Wuyi Mingcong, and the genetic diversity indexes ranged from 0.32~2.17. Among them the highest genetic diversity index was leaf width and the lowest was tree type. The variation coefficient ranged from 9.93%~47.62%. The largest variation coefficient was the depth of leaf serratur and the smallest was the number of vein pair. The clustering analysis was conducted based on agronomic traits, and the 41 Wuyi Mingcong tea germplasms were divided into 3 groups. Among these 3 groups, there were significant differences in the other genetic traits, except 10 traits, including leaf attitude, leaf length, number of vein pair, etc.. Using principal component analysis, the paper synthesized 8 principal components from 21 agronomic traits, representing 71.97% information from 21 agronomic traits. Calculated the composite score of each Wuyi Mingcong accorded to the first 8 principal component values and their proportion of corresponding characteristic root value, the top 4 Wuyi Mingcong varieties were Jinsuoshi, Bantianyao, Shuijingui and Jinluohan which could be put to use in exploitation and innovative utilization of Oolong tea products, and selective breeding of superior varieties of tea plants.

Different Roles of Tobacco Glandular and Non-glandular Trichomes in Response to Cadmium Stress

LIU Pengfei1, YAN Xiaoxiao1, YANG Xinling2, YANG Yongfeng2, ZHANG Hongying1, CUI Hong1, WANG Zhaojun1*

2019, 21(6):  55-60.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0745

Asbtract ( )   PDF (4894KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

As a specialized structure of plant epidermal cells, trichomes play an important role in plant-environment interaction. In present work, non-glandular tobacco variety T.I.1112 and glandular tobacco variety T.I.1068 were used to study the difference between glandular and non-glandular trichomes in response to cadmium (Cd) stress. By comparing the differential performance between T.I.1112 and T.I.1068 under Cd stress, it was found that T.I.1068 enhanced tolerance to Cd stress. The results of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed that the total Cd content in tobacco leaves gradually increased along with Cd treatment time, with the final Cd content in T.I.1112 and T.I.1068 showed no obvious difference, but the secreted Cd on leaf surface differed greatly, with much higher Cd content on leaf surface of glandular tobacco than non-glandular tobacco. These results indicated that glandular trichomes play more important role in improving tobacco tolerance to Cd by excluding toxic Cd outside the plant. Above results provided references for further work on tobacco breeding, cigarette safety improvement and soil remediation.

Improving the Production of Pullulanase in Bacillus licheniformis by Screening Promoters and Signal Peptides

WANG Qian1,2, CHU Xiaoyu2, ZHU Baocheng1*, WU Ningfeng2*

2019, 21(6):  61-69.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0195

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2528KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Pullulanase is a well-known starch debranching enzyme with high application value in industrial production such as starch saccharification. In this study, in order to improve the production of pullulanase in Bacillus licheniformis BL10, fifteen signal peptides and four promoters from B. licheniformis BL10 and Bacillus subtilis 168 were screened, and the recombinant strains were constructed. The results showed that the recombinant strain with P43 as the promoter and apr as the signal peptide displayed the highest expression level of pullulanase in supernatant and its enzyme activity reached 12 U/mL. The optimal reaction temperature and pH of pullulanase were 60℃ and 4.5, respectively. The results indicated that it was an effective method to enhance the expression of a target protein by screening promoters and signal peptides in recombinant strain.

Parameter Optimization of Screw Conveyor

ZHAO Fangchao, WANG Chunguang*, WULAN Tuya

2019, 21(6):  70-78.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0321

Asbtract ( )   PDF (5075KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to improve the conveying performance of the agricultural fiber material spiral conveying device, reduce the transmission power consumption and increase the productivity，the MATLAB software was used to compare the power consumption mathematical model for univariate optimization analysis，and the consistency of theoretical analysis was verified by experiments. The results showed that the optimal range of conveying performance of the screw conveyor was feeding amount 30~70 kg/min, pitch 300~355 mm, screw shaft speed 97~137 r/min.Taking the specific power consumption as the evaluation index of transportation performance，the parameter optimization experiment was carried out by Box-Benhnken response surface analysis method with 3 factors and 3 levels. The main order of the factors affecting the specific power consumption was obtained: feed amount, pitch, screw shaft speed. With the minimum power consumption as the optimization goal, the optimization result of Design-expert was used to analyze the test results, and the optimal parameter combination of various factors on the index was determined: the pitch was 335 mm, the screw shaft speed was 117 r/min, and the feeding amount was 30 kg/min, the optimized conveying performance was 8 percentage points higher than that before optimization. Above results meet the expected design goals, which could provide some reference and guidance for parameter optimization and structural improvement of the screw conveyor.

Precise Classification of Cultivated Land Based on Visible Remote Sensing Image of UAV

XU Peng1, XU Weicheng2, LUO Yangfan2, ZHAO Zuoxi2*

2019, 21(6):  79-86.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0103

Asbtract ( )   PDF (7621KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Visible remote sensing of UAV has advantages of low cost, simple operation, real-time acquisition of remote sensing images and high ground resolution. This paper proposed a method of precise classification of cultivated land based on UAV visible remote sensing image. Taking the visible remote sensing image of some cultivated land in Shiqiao Village, Tieyong Town, Huidong County, Guangdong Province as the research object, the area information, shape information and location information of cultivated land were monitored and extracted. Two kinds of vegetation based on visible wave band were used in the image by object-oriented method. Based on the analysis of index, texture and shape information, the better scheme of extracting cultivated land information by classification was studied. After repeated experiments, the segmentation scale 45 and the merging scale 90 were determined as the segmentation parameters. At the same time, the non-planted cropland and other land objects were separated using band information and texture information. The overall accuracy of the method was 89.23%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.72. The experimental results showed that although there were some cases of mistaken lifting and mistaken lifting of fine plots in the classification of cultivated land using UAV visible remote sensing data, the overall accuracy remained at a high level, which provided a reference for crop classification of cultivated land, and provided precise data basis for precision agriculture.

Effect of Gas Seal Storage on Sesame Quality

SUN Qiang, CAO Shina, ZHU Xiaopeng, HUANG Jinian*, SONG Guohui

2019, 21(6):  87-93.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0381

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2598KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Sesame has high nutritional and medicinal value, great application potential, but poor storage stability. In order to find a green and economical sesame storage mode, this paper analyzed the changes of water content, crude protein content, crude fat content, peroxide value, acid price, lipase activity, fat oxidase activity, fatty acids and other physical and chemical indexes of sesame seeds under different gas seal storage modes by means of CO2, N2, vacuum and sealing, and studied the effects of different gas seal storage modes on sesame quality. The results showed that: Gas seal storage could effectively delay the oxidative acid failure of sesame, especially the seal storage of CO2 or N2 could significantly reduce the increase of acid price and peroxide value in the storage process of sesame, reduce the oxidative acid loss of fat, and basically maintain the original quality.

Evaluation of Auricularia auricula-judae Nutrient Quality of Different Origins in Heilongjiang Province Based on Principal Component Analysis

GUO Jiagui, SHI Shulei, XIE Tao, ZHANG Haitao, ZHAO Xingjian, JING Ruiyong, WANG Liyan*

2019, 21(6):  94-100.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0409

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to investigate the nutrition quality of Auricularia auricular-judae from different origin regions in Heilongjiang province, taking 8 Auricularia auricular-judae from different regions as tested material, and ash, protein, fat, polysaccharide, crude fibre, total contents of amino acid as evaluation indexes for nutrient quality, this paper carried out eveluation and analysis on the nutrition quality of Auricularia auricular-judae on the base of principal component analysis by fuzzing mathematics and clustering methodology. The results of fuzzing mathematics analysis showed that protein and crude fibre could be used as indexes for evaluating Auricularia auricular-judae quality. The good and bad quality order of Auricularia auricular-judae from different regions was Changbaishan>Dongning>Yichun>Mudanjiang>Hegang>Anda>Shangzhi>Longjiang. Clustering analysis results showed that the nutrient quality of Changbaishan and Dongning were the best classified as the first class. Their comprehensive evaluation value were 0.941 and 0.756, respectively. Those from Yichun, Mudanjiang, Hegang, Anda, Shangzhi were classified as medium nutrition quality, with comprehensive evaluation value from 0.156~0.462. That from Longjiang was alone classified as class with the worst nutrition quality, its comprehensive evaluation value was 0.151. These results provided technical references for analyzing nutrition quality of Auricularia auricular-judae.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Content, Corn Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

TONG Lipeng, ZHAO Jingkao*, WU Deliang

2019, 21(6):  101-109.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0385

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2769KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to select optimal coated ureas as single nitrogen application to replace conventional nitrogen application practice (preplant + side-dressing)，so as to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen. Using corn variety Bayu 11 as experimental material, this paper investigated the effects of different nitrogen sources (fertilizer types) and timing of N application on the soil inorganic nitrogen, corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The experiment was carried out as field experiment with six treatments, including control (CK), single application of preplant conventional urea (CU1), preplant conventional urea + side-dressing at stem-elongation of corn (CU2), single application of sulfur coated urea (SCU), single application of polymer-coated urea (PCU), and single application of 50% polymer-coated urea + 50% conventional urea (HPC). Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil of 1 m depth was measured according to the growth stages of corn. Corn yield was measured after harvest and the nitrogen use efficiency was calculated as well. The results showed that CU1 released nitrogen at higher rates at the initial stage. Though both SCU and PCU delayed the release rate of nitrogen, nitrogen release rate of SCU was clearly higher than that of PCU at the initial stage. Corn yield followed the order: PCU>HPC>CU2>CU1>SCU>CK, the yield increased by 46.3%, 38.8%, 29.5%, 25.8% and 16.9% than CK, respectively. While the nitrogen use efficiency followed the order: PCU>HPC>SCU>CU2>CU1, which increased by 49%, 43%, 39%, 36%, 25% than CK, respectively. It was concluded that both PCU and HPC significantly increased corn yield and nitrogen use efficiency. PCU and HPC could be replaced the traditional way of nitrogen application in production. The results provided theoretical basis and reference of production application for one-time nitrogen application in black soil.

Influences of Different Topping Methods on Cotton Growth and Yield Traits Under Different Plant Densities in Southern Xinjiang

WANG Tangang1§, MA Li1§, LI Kefu1, WANG Jichuan2*, Li Huiqin1, JI Guangpeng1, HAO Quanyou1, CUI Jianqiang1, HU Bao1

2019, 21(6):  110-116.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0305

Asbtract ( )   PDF (975KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to resolve the problems of of time-consuming, inefficient and high cost of artificial top-sealing in cotton production process, the interplay effect of planting density and capping on cotton yield and fiber quality was explored, and the feasibility of replacing the artificial seal with chemical seal was analyzed. As one of the techniques of mechanized and simplified cultivation of cotton, chemical topping has certain influence on the growth and yield formation of different populations of cotton. In this paper, 419 was used as the material for the split plot experiment. The density was the main area including 9×104 plants/hm2, 18×104 plants/hm2 and 27×104 plants/hm2; the topping mode was the sub-area including no-topping, artificial topping and chemical topping. The effects of different topping methods under different planting densities were studied, and the feasibility of chemical topping instead of artificial capping was also discussed. The results showed that: Under the same topping method, the translocation rate of reproductive organ dry weight and LAI increased with the increase of density, but the leaf area, dry matter accumulation and harvest index decreased, and the plant height changed little. Under the same density, topping method had little effect on leaf area per plant, LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant. Compared with the no-topping treatment, the plant height of topping treatment was reduced by 4.90～6.46 cm, and the dry matter translocation rate of reproductive organs, harvest index, lint content and yield were increased by 6.33～9.47 percentage points, 0.03～0.05 percentage points, 0.03～1.01 percentage points and 529.56～301.42 kg/hm2, respectively; Compared with artificial topping, though the leaf area, LAI, plant height and dry weight per plant of chemical topping treatment were increased by 0.01 m2, 0.11, 1.56 cm and 1.80 g/plant, respectively, the dry matter transport rate, harvest index, lint percentage and yield were decreased by 3.14 percentage points, 0.03, 0.42 percentage points and 228.14 kg/hm2, respectively; but there was no significant difference among the characters. The interaction between density and topping method is less affected. The above showed that topping was the key measure to optimize cotton growth and ensure yield, and chemical topping had the similar effect of artificial topping.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Low-volume Rape Straw Fiber Concrete

ZENG Zhe, LIU Baohua*, ZHANG Wenjun, FANG Liang

2019, 21(6):  117-123.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0057

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3432KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the effect of straw fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete, this paper researched the mechanical properties of concrete with different lengths of rape straw and fiber volume content of rapeseed under the condition that the water-cement ratio was 0.50 and the strength grade was C35. The influence of rape straw fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete was analyzed by measuring the compressive, splitting, tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete, and the results were verified by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that with the increase of the length and the volume content of the rape straw fiber, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength first increased and then decreased. When the fiber length was 30～40 mm and the volume content was 0.1%, the compressive strength was 47.43 MPa, which was 16.45% higher than that of the control group. When the fiber length was 20～30 mm and the volume content was 0.2%, the splitting tensile and flexural strength of the concrete was 9.1 MPa and 3.71 MPa that were higher than those of the control group. Concrete internal structure with 0.2% and 0.4% fiber volume content was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was confirmed that there was no large-area porosity at the fiber-concrete interface of 0.2% concrete, and the cement slurry on the fiber. The body was evenly distributed, and a good adsorption and adhesion force and mechanical meshing force were formed with the concrete. The internal fibers of the concrete were filled with harmful pores, no fiber agglomeration, which reduced the stress concentration and enhances the mechanical properties of the concrete.

Correlation Analysis of Routine Chemical Components, Polyphenol and Sensory Quality of Cigar Germplasm Resources

XU Meiling1, HE Xiaohui2, SONG Yuchuan2, FAN Youyin2, LI Yongping1

2019, 21(6):  124-134.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0366

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1037KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to facilitate the evaluation of quality traits of cigar germplasm resources, this paper conducted simple correlation and typical correlation analysis on the chemical components, polyphenol and sensory quality of 50 cigar germplasm resources by DPS (data processing system). The results showed that there were significant typical correlations between the chemical components and polyphenol, sensory quality of cigar germplasm resources. The relation between the chemical component and sensory quality was the closest, that with polyphenol was closer, and that between polyphenol and sensory quality was close. The results also revealed that the reducing sugar, total nitrogen content, potassium, nicotine had close correlation with the polyphenol (cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chrysatropic acid, chlorogenic acid); and chemical components (reducing sugar, total sugar,etc.) also had close correlation with sensory quality (concentration, aftertaste, irritation, aroma quality, gray, offensive odor) ; while the polyphenol (neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, chrysatropic acid) had closer correlation with sensory quality (aroma quality, aroma quantity, irritation). These results showed that there were certain correlations between chemical components, polyphenol and sensory quality of cigar germplasm resources.

Research on Soil Erosion Characteristics Based on 137Cs Tracer Method After Economic Forest Construction

ZHU Xi1, LIN Jie2*, ZHANG Yang1

2019, 21(6):  135-142.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0608

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1142KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Soil erosion has always been a hot topic. In order to explore the correlation between soil erosion and various soil physical and chemical properties, this paper used 137Cs nuclear tracer technology to sample and analyze 4 kinds of forests, including coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF), hawthorn forest (HF), apple forest (AF) and chestnut forest(CF), transformed from coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Ganyu District, and conducted quantitative evaluation on the soil erosion characteristics in this area. The results showed that: ① The soil 137Cs content of CBF was 546.92 Bq/m2, and building of economic forest had reduced the soil 137Cs content. The thickness of annual soil loss in CBF was 0.79 mm. The average annual soil loss thickness of AF, HF and CF were 2.92 times, 2.33 times and 1.10 times of that of CBF. ② There was extreme significant positive correlation between soil 137Cs in research area and soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon (P<0.01), and also significant positive correlation with soil carbon and nitrogen ratio (P<0.05). While, there was no significant correlation with the other soil physical and chemical properties. Soil 137Cs showed an extremely significant positive correlation with the organic carbon content of aggregates with grain size <0.25 mm, 0.25~0.5 mm and 0.5~1 mm (P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with the organic carbon content of aggregates with grain size >1 mm (P<0.05). The building of economic forest had enabled the changes in land utilization type, affected soil erosion, and at the same time also affected soil nutrient index and aggregate organic carbon in different land utilization types.

Dynamic Effect of Interaction between Biochar and Soil Texture on Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Amount

YIN Quanyu1, LI Yang1, ZHANG Yulan1, WANG Shengcai2, FANG Ming2,LI Hongguang2, WANG Xinfa3, LIU Guoshun1*

2019, 21(6):  143-151.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0735

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the technological way of improving tobacco soil by biomass carbon, this paper studied the effect of interaction between biochar of different pyrolysed temperatures (360℃ and 500℃) and soil textures (loam soil and sandy soil) on dynamic change of nitrate nitrogen content and apparent N loss of soil-tobaco plant system in 0~30 cm soil layer. The results showed that: ① Applying biochar could increase NO-3-N contents in soil. The soil NO-3-N contents in application of biochar treated by low-temperature (360℃) and high-temperature (500℃) increased by 20.58% and 8.97% than that of the control group. Soil NO-3-N retention capacity applied with low-temperature pyrolysed biochar is better than that with high-temperature pyrolysed biochar. ② The effect of low-temperature carbon on soil NO-3-N was mainly occurred in 0～10 cm soil layer. While, that of high-temperature carbon was in 10～20 cm soil layer. Their effects were 38.39% and 7.37% higher than that of the control, respectively, and all reached the significant level. ③ The NO-3-N contents in loam soil and sandy soil were 16.09% and 29.18% higher than that of the control, respectively, indicating the fertilizer retention effect of applying low-temperature biochar in sandy soil was better than that in loam soil. The NO-3-N contents in loam soil and sandy soil with application of high-temperature biochar were 11.03% or 4.97% higher, respectively than that of the control. It indicated the fertilizer retention effect of applying high-temperature biochar in loam soil was better than that in sandy soil. ④ Application of biochar could reduce the apparent N loss of soil-tobacco plant system. The effect of low-temperature biochar was better than that of high-temperature biochar. The apparent N loss of each treatment (chemical fertilizer + low-temperature biochar in loam soil, chemical fertilizer + high-temperature biochar in loam soil, chemical fertilizer + low-temperature biochar in sandy soil, chemical fertilizer + high-temperature biochar in sandy soil) was decreased by 40.27%, 34.10%, 68.72% and 54.05%, respectively than that of the control. Therefore, applying biochar could strengthen soil NO-3-N retention capacity and reduce apparent N loss in soil-tobacco plant system. The effect of low-temperature biochar was more significant than that of high-temperature biochar. This study provided theoretical guidance for rational application of biochar in tobacco-planting soil.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Sorghum Salt Tolerance Based on Multilevel Phenotypic Analysis

REN Fuli1,2, PAN Yinghong3, ZHANG Xiaoxiao2, PU Weijun2, MU Yongying3, LI Yubin2, ZHANG Hua1*, ZHU Li2*

2019, 21(6):  152-162.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0069

Asbtract ( )   PDF (5232KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Salt tolerance in sorghum is significantly differed among various germplasms, development periods and growth conditions, therefore, establishing a comprehensive, objective and accurate method for the evaluation of salt tolerance is of great interest to screen and identify salt resistant sorghum germplasms. To this end, 64 sorghum accessions from a broad genetics background were evaluated for salt tolerance under growth chamber condition. Subsequently, 36 sorghum accessions with different degree of salt resistance were selected for field test of salt tolerance performance at seedling stage. Eventually, 13 accessions were subjected to salt tolerance evaluation back in the growth chamber at seedling stage, again. Both in the field and growth chamber, the seedling height, stem diameter and other morphological indexes along with physiological and biochemical indexes such as superoxide dismutase, proline and malondialdehyde were analyzed by subordinate function method, principal component method and cluster method. So far, two salt-tolerant varieties and two salt-sensitive varieties were stood out for subsequent studies. This study established a comprehensive salt tolerance evaluation method based on multilevel phenotypic analysis, namely, enriched morphological indexes and physiological and biochemical assay indexes were used to systematically and accurately evaluate salt tolerance in sorghum at different development stages (germination and seedling stages) and different growth conditions (field and growth chamber) with various data analysis approaches. The establishment of this method not only provided a valuable reference for the evaluation of salt tolerance in sorghum germplasm resources, but also was beneficial and instructive to the breeding research on salt tolerant sorghum cultivars.

Research Progress on Rice Cultivated by Film Mulching

HU Guohui, ZHU Defeng, XU Yicheng, CHEN Huizhe, XIANG Jing, ZHANG Yikai, ZHANG Yuping*

2019, 21(6):  163-170.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0390

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1158KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Film mulching rice cultivation pattern can effectively relieve seasonal drought and chilling damage during rice production. Film mulching cultivation pattern could reduce the consumption of irrigation water and improve grain yield on the basis of increasing soil temperature. However, the application of film mulching increased production cost and environmental pollution was occurred by non-degradable mulch. Therefore, the biodegradable film and matching mulch machines were applied and studied, the development of film mulching cultivation was promoted. It can effectively control weeds, reduce the loss of fertilizer, increase its use efficiency, reduce the application quantity of pesticides and chemical fertilizer, and provide a new idea for the green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice. This paper systematically expounded the advantages and disadvantages of the existing film-mulching rice cultivation in rice production, and prospects the future development of rice film mulching cultivation.