Table of Content

15 May 2019, Volume 21 Issue 5

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Review on Supervision Current Situation of New Plant Breeding Techniques Regulatory in Major Countries

WANG Jing1, YANG Yanping2,3*

2019, 21(5):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0505

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In recent years, the rapid development of molecular biology and biotechnology has spawned a number of new type plant breeding techniques with important application prospect. The paper mainly introduced 5 new plant breeding techniques, including site specific mutagenesis, cisgenesis/instragenesis, breeding with transgenic inducer line, agro-infiltration techniques and GM rootstock grafting, and also discussed the focus issues on whether new products generated with these new plant breeding techniques could be classified as GMO and how could they be effectively regulated by the governments in detail. The paper also sorted out common practices conducted abroad in optimizing the relevant supervision systems, and put forward suggestions suitable in China realistic condition.

Utilization Characteristics, Technical Model and Development Suggestion on Crop Straw in China

SHI Zuliang1,2, WANG Fei1,2, WANG Jiuchen1,2, LI Xiang1*, SUN Renhua1, SONG Chengjun1

2019, 21(5):  8-16.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0314

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In order to promote the crop straw burning control and comprehensive utilization in China, this paper summarized the current situation of crop straw resources generate and utilization, existing technical models in various regions of China. The amount of straw resources in 2016 reached 9.84×108 t, and the able collected amount reached 8.24×108 t. Maize, rice and wheat straw accounted for 83.51% of the total proportion. The straw utilization amount was 6.73×108 t, and the comprehensive utilization ratio reached 81.68%, among them the utilization rates of fertilizer, fodder, stroma, energy and fuel, raw material were 47.20%, 17.99%, 11.79%, 2.23% and 2.47%, respectively. A comprehensive utilization pattern focused on agriculture usage has been formed. There were significant differences in straw utilization level among different regions. The comprehensive utilization rate in north region, northwest region, east region, central-south region, southwest region, and northeast region were 94.73%, 89.21%, 88.89%, 83.01%, 74.27%, and 63.43%, respectively. The straw utilization patterns could be divided into 2 groups, namely: straw returning to field and recycling utilization. The straw returning field model included 6 modes: Corn straw deep-ploughing returning to field, cotton straw deep-ploughing returning to field, wheat straw covered the field and corn straw return rotary ploughed to filed, less or no-tillage and straw covered the field, rice-wheat (oil) straw crushed and ploughed to filed, straw to filed according decomposed rapidly. The straw recycling utilization mainly include 4 patterns: the straw-feed-fertilizer crop-livestock combination model, straw-marsh-fertilizer energy-ecology model, straw-edible fungi-fertilizer substrate utilization model, and straw-carbon-fertilizer returning to the field and improve the soil model. In order to further promote the development of industry with straw comprehensive utilization, the paper put forward a countermeasure as to build integrated promotion work system, combined with fully utilized technology system, and perfect policy system.

Study on Popularization and Application of Maize Production Standardization——Taking Tanghe County of Henan Province as an Example

MENG Zhaodi, SHAO Fahuan*

2019, 21(5):  17-25.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0476

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Agricultural standardization is an important way to realize agricultural modernization. The improvement of grain production standardization in large grain production counties is beneficial to the quality improvement of grain products and the guarantee of national food security. Taking Tanghe County of Henan Province as a typical case, this paper analyzed the present situation of corn production standardization in large grain-producing counties represented by Tanghe County of Henan Province. The results showed that, compared with the standardized and non standardized production, the social benefit was remarkable, the cost and the output value were increased. The land cost was the key factor that restricted the economic benefit of standardization production and the enthusiasm of farmers. There were some problems in the production of corn production in big counties, such as the decline of economic profits, the lack of maize varieties, the low standardized production would of some farmers, the difficulty in transferring land and loans and less subsidies, and the limited agricultural input capacity of the government. The policy suggestions were put forward to strengthen the standardization of the whole industry chain, the ability of disaster warning, the ability of research and development of the seed industry, the extension of agricultural technology and information service, the support of the new agricultural management body and the transfer payment to the large agricultural county.

Function Identification of miR171a in Arabidopsis thaliana Using CRISPR

HUANG Gege1, ZHANG Jingwen2, ZHANG Tianbao2, KE Zhi1, ZHAI Nanxing1, LONG Yan2, YUAN Qianhua1*, PEI Xinwu2*

2019, 21(5):  26-32.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0027

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microRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA molecule of about 21 nt that can affect the physiological and biochemical functions of various plants. CRISPR/Cas9 is a well-developed system for edting target DNA sequences and has been successfully applied in many plants. miR171a is a kind of conserved miRNA family, which is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development and stress under stress. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technique was used to identify the functions of miR171a in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that the expression of miR171a decreased in gene edited Arabidopsis lines. The expression of target gene SCL22 was up regulated. The increase of proline content in Arabidopsis lines was smaller than that of wild type after drought stress. The chlorophyll content, plant height and growth potential of gene edited Arabidopsis lines decreased. Drought stress results showed that inhibition of miR171 weakened the drought resistance of Arabidopsis lines. These results showed that CRISPR technology was effective in identifying the functions of miRNA.

Study on Floral Cluster Pruning of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape

CHENG Dawei, QI Shuai, CHEN Jinyong*, GU Hong, ZHANG Weiyuan, ZHANG Yang, GUO Xizhi, LI Zhengyang

2019, 21(5):  33-40.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0350

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In order to investigate the optimum pattern for spikelet pruning, this paper took spikelet tip length 6 cm of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape as the control (CK), and studied the effects of different pruning patterns at different flowering stages on grape fruit growth, quality and work efficiency, including 14 d before anthesis with spikelet tip length at 3 cm (A), 4 cm (B) and 5 cm (C); 7 d before anthesis with spikelet tip length at 4 cm (D), 6 cm (E) and 8 cm (F); spikelet tip length at 4 cm (G), 6 cm (H) and 8 cm (I) during flowering. The test results indicated that there were certain differences in fruit growth and quality by spike pruning methods at different periods with different spikelet tip lengths. Among spike pruning treatments 7 d before anthesis and during flowering, berry-setting percentage increased with the spikelet tip length increasing. And the berry-setting percentage gradually decreased, while berry shape index increased. The titratable acid content and soluble solid content also increased gradually with the delay of pruning time. The value of “L” and “C” were the best in 7 d before anthesis, whereas the value of “CIRG” was the lowest. The seedless rate and hollow rate of different treatments showed 14 d before anthesis >7 d before anthesis > flowering. By comparing work efficiency, treatment with late spiket pruning would use the less time on pruning. Thus, labor saving and high efficiency could be achieved in production. Using the comprehensive evaluation of principal compohent analysis, the ranking of each treatment was as following: D>C>H>B>G>A>F>I>E>CK. It meant that 7 d before anthesis with spikelet tip length at 4 cm was the optimum method for ‘Shine Muscat’ grape, according to the evaluation based on the result of principal components analysis. This study was of guiding significance for ‘Shine Muscat’ grape production in China.

Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco Seedlings Under Drought Stress

LI Penghui1§, XIANG Jinyou2§, WANG Lin3, XU Jianqiang4, LI Changjun5, LEI Qiang6, YANG Yide2, ZHANG Xuewei7, LI Huaiqi8, ZHANG Qiming9, JING Yanqiu1*, XIONG Bin3*

2019, 21(5):  41-48.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0312

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In order to reveal the physiological effects of exogenous melatonin (MT) on tobacco drought resistance ability, taking Yuyan 10 as experimental material this paper conducted hydroponic experiment and explored the effects of different concentrations MT (50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L, 200 μmol/L, 500 μmol/L) on tobacco seedlings membranous peroxide, osmotic regulation substances content, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic characteristics under drought stress. The results showed that drought stress could cause serious damage to physiological function of tobacco seedlings, and the treatments with 50 μmol/L or 500 μmol/L MT had no better mitigating effect on drought stress. While, 100 μmol/L MT could increase the chlorophyⅡ content and photosynthetic rate; enhance activities of superoxide disproportionation enzyme (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT); remove active oxygen free radicals; decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) content; increase accumulation of soluble protein and proline osmotic regulatory substances; improve leaf moisture content and reduce water loss rate, thus effectively alleviated the damage caused by drought stress.

Response of Carthamus tinctorius L. to Salt Stress During Germination and Seedling Stage

TIAN Mei§, CAO Huiya§, ZHANG Mingshuo§, ZHANG Zixuan, YANG Dongyue, LI Haoran, MA Chunying*

2019, 21(5):  49-54.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0614

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In order to provide theoretical basis for further study on salt tolerance mechanism of safflower seedling, this paper observed the response of safflower to NaCl stress during germination and seedling stage, and determined the salt tolerance thresold of safflower seedlings. The seeds of safflower were soaked in distilled water and NaCl solution of different concentrations（0.06 mol/L, 0.12 mol/L, 0.18 mol/L, 0.24 mol/L, 0.30 mol/L）cultivated by sand method and irrigated with Hoagland nutrient solution with different concentrations of NaCl solution at seedling stage. The response of safflower seedlings to NaCl was observed by measuring the morphological indexes, the content of MDA, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves. The results showed that: ① In the group of distilled water and NaCl solution, the plant height and root length of seedlings decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration, and the inhibition of the underground part was stronger than that of the aerial part. ② In the group of distilled water and NaCl solution, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the activity of SOD increased first, and then decreased. The maximum value was achieved under the treatment of 0.06 mol/L NaCl. The activity of POD increased significantly. Under 0.18 mol/L NaCl treatment, the activity of POD enzyme was the highest. At the same irrigated concentration, POD enzyme activity in NaCl immersion was greater than that in distilled water immersion. ③ In the distilled water immersion group, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the content of MDA increased. In NaCl immersion group, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the content of MDA decreased first, and then increased. The content was lowest at 0.06 mol/L NaCl concentration. Under 0.18 mol/L NaCl treatment, the content of MDA was still lower than that of the authentic group. The content of MDA in the NaCl immersion group was lower than that in the distilled water group. Above results indicated the salt tolerance of safflower seeds was improved after soaking with NaCl, and the threshold of NaCl tolerance of safflower seedlings was determined to 0.18 mol/L.

Research Progress on Nucleic Acid Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance

AN Na1,2, ZHENG Zifan2, DONG Mei2, LIU Weixiao2, WAN Yusong2, JIN Wujun2, LI Liang2*, HAN Yang1*

2019, 21(5):  55-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0422

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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is a novel type of biochemical analysis system based on the principle of physical optics. In recent years, due to its advantages of label-free, high sensitivity and specificity, real-time and rapid detection, it has been widely applied in various fields, such as clinical diagnosis, qualitative and quantitative detection of genetically modified organism, virus identification, environmental control, drug screening and genetic analysis. DNA probes without labeling or even purification could be immobilized onto the surface of the sensor chip as a recognition factor, and then the biosensor would monitor some specific binding information. However, there were rare reports about this technology and biosensor for nucleic acids analysis. Therefore, in order to provide some references for biosensor research, this paper briefly introduced the formation of surface plasmon resonance phenomena and its mechanisms, principles, applied fields and development trends as sensitive detection methods for nucleic acids.

Maize Drought Statistic Discriminant Model Based on Color and Texture Features

2019, 21(5):  62-73.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0256

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Using color and texture features to discriminate drought degree of maize plants is a new way for monitoring and identifying maize drought damage. It is of great significance to establish a good statistical discriminant model to realize that new way. This study collected images of maize plants under 5 drought degrees of free, light, medium, severe and extreme drought stress during 3 growth and development periods: emergence-jointing, jointing-tasselling and tasselling-maturing; and extracted the color and texture feature data of maize plants from the images by MATLAB software. Then, Fisher discriminant function groups were acquired through Fisher step by step discriminant analysis of the feature data training set by SPSS software. The 9 single-view(frontal, top or lateral view) statistical discriminant models for drought maize plants in emergence-jointing, jointing-tasselling and tasselling-maturing 3 growth and development periods were established by combining Fisher discriminant function groups and Manhattan distance discriminant rule. The single-view statistical discriminant models for drought maize plants in each growth stage were jointly constructed as a 3D statistical discriminant model. There was no significant difference in average discrimination accuracy between training and testing of all the single-view discriminant models of 3 maize growth stages. The average discrimination accuracies at training and testing of frontal and lateral view statistic discriminant models were over 90%. The difference of discriminating the different drought degree of frontal and lateral view statistic discriminant models maize was small. The average discrimination accuracies of all top view statistical models at training and testing were less than 85%, and there were significant differences in discriminating different drought degrees of maize. The accuracies of 3-dimensional statistical discriminant models for drought maize plants of 3 growth stages at training and testing were all over 97%, and had little difference in discriminating different maize drought degree. Among the single-angle statistical discriminant models, the discriminant effects of lateral statistical discriminant models were proved to be the best, followed by frontal statistics discriminant models, and the discriminant effect of the top view discriminant model was relatively poorer. The discriminant effect of 3D statistical discriminant model for maize plants in every growth stage was better than that of single-angle statistical discriminant models.

Process Optimization of Biochar-based Fertilizer Compressing Molding Experiments

PENG Chunhui1, REN Yilin1*, LI Baojun1, ZHOU Guangsheng2, LIU Yonghong3

2019, 21(5):  74-84.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0296

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Energy consumption has an important influence on the process of forming of biochar-based fertilizer. From the view of reducing energy consumption and ensuring product quality, this study chose biochar and bentonite as slow-release materials, soluble starch as binder, and urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, muriate as raw materials for the slow-release fertilizer, and carried out forming experiments to investigate the effect of different speed, moisture content, aspect ratio and ratio of slow-release materials and fertilizer on specific energy consumption and compressive strength. On the basis of single factor test, considering lower energy consumption and high compressive strength, the optimal process parameters was obtained from respond surface model. Results showed that the influence of each factor on energy consumption was as follows: aspect ratio > moisture content > speed > ratio of slow-release materials and fertilizer. the strength order of the related factors to compressive strength was moisture content> ratio of slow-release materials and fertilizer > speed > aspect ratio. The optimal process parameters were: 50 mm/min for speed,3.5 for aspect ratio,14.16% for moisture content,4 for ratio of slow-release materials and fertilizer. Under this condition, specific energy consumption of the extrusion process is 20.541 kJ/kg, compressive strength of pellet is 35.013 N. These results were expected to provide references for upgrading pelleting process and designing of equipment.

Study on Dielectric Properties of Pellet Feed and Establishment of Moisture Content Model

LIU Fanghong, LIU Jing, LIU Meiying, NIU Zhiyou*

2019, 21(5):  85-94.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0272

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In order to explore the dielectric properties of pellet feed and achieve the rapid detection of moisture content in pellet feeds, livestock and poultry and aquatic pellet feed is taken as the research object. This paper studied the effects of frequency (1～200 kHz), temperature (10～30℃) and moisture content (8.8%～19.1%) on the relative dielectric constant and established the corresponding prediction model of moisture content using coaxial-line cylinder capacitor. The results showed that the dielectric constant of pellet feed increased with the increase of moisture content and temperature, decreased with the increase of the frequency. With the coefficient of determination and the standard deviation as evaluation index, the moisture content of pig and poultry pellet was the best at 10 kHz. And the coefficient of determination was 0.996 6 and 0.998 4, respectively. At 200 kHz, the moisture content model of the aquatic product feed was the best, the determination coefficient was 0.999 2. It was verified by experiment that the absolute error range of moisture content of pellet feed was predicted to be ±1.1%, indicating that it was feasible to predict the moisture content of pellet feed based on the dielectric properties, which was instructive to develop moisture dector for pellet feed.

Isolation and Identification of Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus spp. and Determination of Their Plant-growth Oromoting and Plant Pathogen-inhibiting Activities

WANG Nan1, LI Gangqiang1, LI Yunlong2, LI Yongbin2, ZHANG Haowei2, WANG Minyang2, WANG Liying2, LIU Dehu1, CHEN Sanfeng2*

2019, 21(5):  95-103.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0545

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Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus strains are considered as an excellent strain for microbial fertilizers because of its characteristics of nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, stress resistance and storage tolerance. However, the resources of identified strains are very limited. In this study, 60 nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus strains with nifH genes were isolated from 500 strains which were isolated from the rhizospheres of 266 different plants in 20 provinces of China. The sequence of nifH genes and 16S rRNA from 17 isolations were analyzed. All of 17 isolations was preliminarily determined by constructing phylogenetic trees. The analysis of plant growth-promoting activities showed that all the 17 isolations had nitrogenase activity up to 2 109.9±131.1 nmol/mg·h, 5 isolations had IAA secretion ability up to 49.908±3.6 μg/mL, and 11 isolations had antagonism to 4 common plant pathogens. Among the 17 isolations, 5 had nitrogenase activity, IAA secretion and antagonistic action, among which BJ-18 with the lowest IAA secreting capacity still had significant growth promoting effect on tomato seedlings. This study provided a basis for enriching the resources of nitrogen-fixing microbial agents in China and even in the world, and provided high-quality experimental materials for the study of nitrogen-fixing mechanism.

Antimicrobial Activities of Five Aromatic Plant Essential Oils Against Phytophthora nicotianae

CHEN Yongdui1, ZHU Haibin2, HU Zhanjun2, YANG Yi2, WU Kuo1, DONG Jiahong1*, ZHANG Zhongkai1*

2019, 21(5):  104-109.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0784

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In order to achieve green control on crop diseases and screen the high-efficiency antimicrobial components from aromatic plants, this paper evaluated the antimicrobial activities of 5 essential oils, including rosemary oil, lavender oil, geranium oil, citronella oil and basil oil against Phytophthora nicotianae by the method of mycelial growth. The results showed that when the concentration of essential oil reaching 225 μg/mL, all 5 essential oils had obvious inhibitory effects against Phytophthora nicotianae. Among them the inhibitory rate of citronella oil against Phytophthora nicotianae was up to 100%. Under fumigation mode, the EC50 values of 5 essential oils against Phytophthora nicotianae were 317.8 μg/mL, 255.2 μg/mL, 151.0 μg/mL, 53.0 μg/mL and 142.8 μg/mL, respectively. The 5 aromatic plant essential oils all had definite influence on the growthform of Phytophthora nicotianae. These results indicated that citronella oil had the potential as a leading compound developed as an environmental friendly fungicide for controlling Phytophthora nicotianae.

Research Progress on Forecasting Mechanism and Methodology for Crop Disease and Insect Pest

ZHANG Xuexue1, WANG Bin1, TIAN Yangyang1, YUAN Lin2, JIANG Yuying3, DONG Yingying4, HUANG Wenjiang4, ZHANG Jingcheng1*

2019, 21(5):  110-120.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0407

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The inappropriate use of pesticides is commonly existing in current prevention and control of crop diseases and insect in China, which has severely endangered the food security. This paper reviewed the latest research progresses in forecasting mechanism and methodology for crop disease and insect pest. About the forecasting mechanism, the paper analyzed many elements affecting the epidemic of crop diseases and insect pests, including climate background, meteorological factors, distribution of diseases and insects, host status, and planting pattern, etc. Besides, the paper also expounded in detail according to existing research results the indicative functions of sea temperature, El Nino, atmospheric circulation, etc. meteorological factors, and influence of meteorological factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind and illumination, etc. on occurrence time, infection speed, spread and distribution of diseases and insect pests. In terms of the forecasting models, three types of models such as the static model, temporal dynamic model, and spatial dispersal model were summarized and introduced. The methodologies for forecasting the occurrence of diseases and insects, severity, dispersal and epidemics were reviewed. Finally, the paper looked forward the future development trend of forecasting technology for crop diseases and insect pests, and discussed the key issues, regarding data, analytical method, scale, research and application pattern, etc..

Effect of D-limonene Nanoemulsion Against Foodborne Pathogens in Raw Beef

HONG Gengde1, JIANG Zhenjie2, CHEN Sixu1, ZHAN Liqiang2, CAI Zhicheng2, LIN Ziqi3, CAI Mingsheng4*, LI Meili4*

2019, 21(5):  121-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0311

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With the well antimicrobial activities and stable property, D-limonene nanoemulsion is widely reported. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of D-limonene nanoemulsion against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhi vice B and Shigella dysenteriae in broth at 37℃ for 24 h and against Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae in beef meat during storage at 4℃ for 1 d, 3 d and 5 d. D-limonene nanoemulsion was prepared by a ultrasonic emulsification method. It was found that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of D-limonene nanoemulsion against three pathogens was 2.5 mg/mL. Besides, the application of D-limonene nanoemulsion concentration in raw beef meat were 40 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, diluted 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL based on the MIC, and 40 mg/mL concentration showed the best antimicrobial effect significantly in beef at 4℃ for 24 h. The study suggested that the application of D-limonene nanoemulsion in food might be an effective solution in the safety of food.

Influences of Different Processing Methods on Medicinal Quality of Forsythia suspensa

CUI Xusheng1,2, JIN Pengbo1, LI Xin1,3, ZONG Jianxin1,3, QI Fei1, GAO Xiuqiang1, LIU Lingdi4*, HU Xiaoxiao4, XIE Chao5

2019, 21(5):  129-134.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0055

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In order to clarify the influences of different processing methods on the quality of Forsythia suspensa, this paper took suncure as control to study the effects of boiling-drying, steaming-drying, boiling-drying and integrated processing methods on the water content, total ash content, alcohol-soluble extractive, forsythin and forsythiaside A content. The results showed that there were no significant differences in water content and total ash content among the control group. The contents of alcohol-soluble extractive, forsythin and forsythiaside A in the integrated machine processing of Forsythia suspensa were significantly higher than that in other processing methods. Under the boiling-drying, steaming-drying and boiling-drying methods, the contents of alcohol-soluble extractive and forsythiaside A in Forsythia suspensa were significantly higher than that in the control group. Different processing methods had different influences on the quality of Forsythia suspensa. Within the scope of all indexes specified in Chinese pharmacopoeia, the quality of Forsythia suspensa processed by integrated machine was the best, followed by boiling-drying, steaming-drying and boiling-drying, and the effect of suncured was the worst.

Effect of Selenium Application on Appearance Quality, Grain Selenium, Cadmium and Arsenic Content in Rice

XU Qin1,2§, WANG Meng1,3§, XIE Yimei4, CHEN Tiantian1, ZHOU Ling4, TAN Yahua5, SHI Lei1,3, XING Danying 1,3*

2019, 21(5):  135-140.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0168

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Addressing selenium foliage fertilizer is considered as an effective measure to improve selenium content in rice grains. This paper analyzed the effects of selenium application on the appearance quality of rice and the content of selenium, cadmium and arsenic in grains by addressing different dosages of selenium foliage fertilizer on hybrid rice Longliangyouhuazhan at booting stage. The results indicated that: ①Selenium application could significantly increase the percentage of head rice but reduce chalkiness. When 23 g/hm2 selenium foliage fertilizer + 20 g/hm2 Na2SeO3 were applied, the percentage of head rice could get the maximum value of 65.67%, while the chalkiness reached the minimum value of 0.65%. ②The selenium contents of milled rice and brown rice could be increased by addressing selenium foliage fertilizer, and reached the maximum of 0.784 3 mg/kg and 0.816 7 mg/kg, respectively, when applying 23 g/hm2 selenium foliage fertilizer + 30 g/hm2 Na2SeO3, indicating that the selenium accumulation capacity of brown rice was higher than that of milled rice. ③ There were no significant effects of addressing selenium foliage fertilizer on content of cadmium and arsenic in milled rice and brown rice, suggesting that there was no synergistic effect between selenium and cadmium as well as arsenic during grain filling. Under the same dosage of selenium foliage fertilizer, the content of cadmium was higher in brown rice than that of milled rice, but without significance between them. However, the arsenic accumulation capacity of brown rice was significantly stronger than that of milled rice.

Influences of Agri-forestry Wastes Substrate on Growth and Development of Tomato Based on Grape Branches

WANG Hao, WEI Feng, CHEN Yongwei, BO Jianhua, JIN Wei, MA Wenli*

2019, 21(5):  141-151.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0278

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In order to solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource recycling of agricultural and forestry residues like vineyard pruning, this paper studied the physic-chemical characters, water and heat preservation property, fertilizer retaining ability of compound substrate and their effects on tomato growth and development, taking vineyard pruning, corn straw, cow-dung biogas residue, and river sand as raw materials; and analyzed the principle components of all indexes. The results showed that compound substrate C1 at the ratio of vineyard pruning:corn straw:cow-dung biogas residue:river sand=3∶3∶2∶2 had better performance on water, heat and fertilizer retaining. It could also significantly promote the growth and development of tomato. The principal components analysis indicated that C1 was the best formula for promoting tomato growth and maintaining substrate quality. This study had provided references for utilizing agricultural and forestry wastes to exploit new-type substrates for vegetable cultivation.

Effect of Alternate Partial Root-zone Irrigation on Growth and Distribution of Dry Matter in Young Grape Tree

CHEN Linan1,2, LIU Xiuchun1, RONG Chuansheng1, HAN Xiaori2, SUN Zhanxiang3*

2019, 21(5):  152-158.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0523

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In order to investigate the effects of partial root-zone irrigation on the growth and dry matter production of young grape trees, this paper took 2 years old young grape tree with pot cultivation as experimental material under rain shelter, and set up 3 irrigation patterns, including conventional irrigation (CI), fixed partial root-zone drip irrigation(FDI) and alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation(ADI), and studied the effects of different root-zone irrigation patterns on the growth, dry matter allocation and leaf photosynthetic physiology. The results showed that: the new shoots growth treated by ADI and FDI was reduced compared to that by CI. New shoots diameter treated by ADI was increased, while leaf area was not significantly reduced. The total pruning amounts of ADI and FDI treatments were significantly decreased by 15.8% and 12.2% than that of CI, respectively. Pn of leaf under ADI treatment was slightly higher than that under CI at fruit expansion stage and slightly lower at grape coloring period. Pn treated by FDI was significantly lower than that by ADI and CI. Tr and Gs treated by ADI and FDI were significantly lower than that by CI at both periods. The WUE treated by ADI was the highest. Leaf WUE treated by ADI increased by 64.9%, compared to that by CI at fruit coloring period. The dry matter amounts under 3 different irrigation patterns were ADI>CI>FDI. The total fibrous root and fruit dry matter weight treated by ADI were significantly higher than that by CI. Thus, the root to shoot ratio was significantly increased. In conclusion, alternating drip irrigation could reduce the redundant growth of tree, improve the photosynthetic ability of leaf and the instantaneous water use efficiency of leaf, increase dry matter distribution volume to fibrous root and fruit, under the condition of reducing 50% of irrigation amount.

Study on Relationship Between Acid Aroma with Polyphenol Content, Chemical Composition and Taste Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

WANG Lin, LIU Zhihong, XU Zicheng*

2019, 21(5):  159-169.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0255

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In order to explore the relationship between tobacco acidic aroma substances with polyphenol content, chemical composition and taste characteristics, this paper analyzed 326 samples collected from Sichuan and Chongqing Tobacco Companies by the methods of variance analysis, regression analysis, grey relational analysis and BP neural network. The results showed that the contents of acidic aroma components were different in different planting districts, different flavors and different plant parts. The acidity aroma was negatively associated with overall chlorogenic acid, scopoletin, and positively associated with rutin. Acidic aroma substances on the whole (except individual acid) had positive correlation with nicotine, chlorine, total nitrogen, protein, reducing sugar, potassium, total sugar, ether extract, but a negative correlation with pH. Octanoic acid, azelaic acid, valeric acid of acidic aroma and taste characteristics had strong correlation, and the taste characteristics was first increased and then decreased with the octanoic acid content increasing, first reduced and then increased and then decreased with the azelaic acid content increasing, decreased with acid content increasing. The total content of aroma acid reached 12 μg/g, the taste characteristics of tobacco were the best, while it reached over or less than 12 μg/g, the taste of tobacco leaf showed a downward trend. This study was of great significance for establishing aroma quality evaluation method for flue-cured tobacco.