Abstract: In recent years, Sino-US agricultural trade has shown a significant growth trend. The trade intensity in agricultural products between two countries has been continuously increasing, and the trade dependence of two countries has also become stronger. By comparing the advantage of export agricultural products in Sino-US agricultural trade, this paper used methods of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index, trade competitive (TC) index to analyze the competitive advantage of agricultural exports. The results showed that: The United States′ export advantage agricultural products were mainly the land-intensive agricultural products and the resource-intensive agricultural products, such as soybean, pork and corn. The most typical agricultural product  of USA was the soybean, whose RCA index stayed above 5.0 and TC index stayed above 0.9 for a long time. Chinas export advantage agricultural products were mainly the labor-intensive agricultural products with aquatic products, fruit and vegetable products as the main categories. In 2017, the RCA index of aquatic products, fruit and vegetable products in China were 3.67 and 2.48, respectively, and the TC index were 0.94 and 0.75, respectively. Based on the above analysis, it was suggested to establish and improve Chinas agricultural products trade promotion system and support system, make full use of Chinas trade comparative advantage, improve the quality of agricultural labor force, and extensively seek trade partners to reduce import dependence.

Key words: Sino-US agricultural trade, RCA index, TC index, competitive advantage

摘要： 近年来中美农产品贸易呈现出显著增长的趋势，双方农产品贸易流通强度不断增加，贸易依赖性也越来越强。通过比较中美双方优势出口农产品的贸易状况，使用显性比较优势（revealed comparative advantage，RCA）指数、贸易竞争优势（trade competitive，TC）指数等分析了我国农产品出口的竞争优势。结果表明：美国的出口优势农产品主要是以大豆、猪肉和玉米等为主的土地密集型农产品和资源密集型农产品，美国最典型农产品大豆的RCA指数长期保持在5.0以上，TC指数长期保持在0.9以上；中国的出口优势农产品主要是以水产品类和蔬菜水果类为主的劳动密集型农产品，2017年中国水产品和蔬菜水果类产品的RCA指数分别为3.67和2.48，TC指数分别为0.94和0.75。基于以上分析，建议建立并完善我国的农产品贸易推广体系和扶持体系，充分发挥我国的贸易比较优势，提高农业劳动力素质，广泛寻求贸易合作伙伴以降低进口依存度。

关键词: 中美农产品贸易, RCA指数, TC指数, 竞争优势