Regional Trial Evaluation of High Quality Garlic Cultivars of China

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0422

Abstract

Abstract:

To comprehensively evaluate the adaptability of garlic varieties with high quality in China， 7 spring sowing varieties and 10 autumn sowing varieties were planted in 3 spring sowing area and three autumn sowing area. The yields and contents of allicin， soluble protein， soluble sugar， germanium and selenium of seven spring cultivars and ten autumn cultivars were determined. The ecological adaptabilities of 17 garlic varieties were evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis. The results showed as followed： in the spring sowing regional trial of garlic， Gan 05 showed better performance in Datong of Shanxi Province and Taibai of Shaanxi Province， Xin 09 and Qing 02 showed better adaptability in Xining of Qinghai； in the autumn sowing regional trial of garlic， G024 showed better adaptability in Jinxiang of Shandong Province， Pizhou of Jiangsu Province and Yangling of Shaanxi Province， Gui 04 showed good adaptability in Jinxiang of Shandong Province， Chuan 01， Chuan 02 and Gui 02 showed good adaptability in Pizhou of Jiangsu Province， which provided theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of garlic.

Key words: garlic, introduction, cultivation adaptability, principal component analysis

摘要：

为综合评价中国优质大蒜品种的适应性，选择7个优质春播品种和10个优质秋播品种，分别在3个春播区和3个秋播区进行区域试验，测定品种的产量及大蒜素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、硒和锗元素的含量，采用主成分分析综合评估各个品种的生态适应性。结果表明，春播区域试验中，甘05在山西大同和陕西太白试验点均表现出较好的适应性，新09和青02在青海西宁试验点表现出较好的适应性；大蒜秋播区域试验中，G024在山东金乡、江苏邳州和陕西杨凌3个试验点均表现出较好的适应性，贵04在山东金乡试验点表现较好，川01、川02和贵02在江苏邳州试验点表现较好。研究结果为大蒜引种栽培提供了理论依据。

关键词: 大蒜, 引种, 栽培适应性, 主成分分析

CLC Number:

S633.4

Xiaxia LI, Siyu ZHANG, Zhihui CHENG. Regional Trial Evaluation of High Quality Garlic Cultivars of China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 58-68.

李夏夏, 张思语, 程智慧. 中国优质大蒜品种区域试验评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 58-68.

Figures/Tables 8

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播种季节 Sowing season	品种编号 Cultivars number	品种名称 Cultivars name	来源 Origin
春播 Spring sowing	甘05 Gan 05	甘州四六瓣 Ganzhousiliuban	甘肃甘州 Ganzhou， Gansu
	新09 Xin 09	新疆吉木萨尔白皮 Xinjiangjimusaerbaipi	新疆吉木萨尔 Jimusaer， Xinjiang
	黑01 Hei 01	阿城紫皮 Achengzipi	黑龙江阿城 Acheng， Heilongjiang
	黑02 Hei 02	宁安紫皮 Ninganzipi	黑龙江宁安 Ningan， Heilongjiang
	晋01 Jin 01	榆次长凝蒜 Yucichangningsuan	山西榆次 Yuci， Shanxi
	青02 Qing 02	乐都老蒜 Ledulaosuan	青海乐都 Ledu，Qinghai
	辽01 Liao 01	海城紫皮 Haichengzipi	辽宁海城 Haicheng， Liaoning
秋播 Autumn sowing	G024	改良蒜 Gailiangsuan	陕西杨凌 Yangling， Shaanxi
	G025	兴平白皮 Xingpingbaipi	陕西杨凌 Yangling， Shaanxi
	川01 Chuan 01	二季早 Erjizao	四川彭州 Pengzhou， Sichuan
	川02 Chuan 02	正月早 Zhengyuezao	四川彭州 Pengzhou， Sichuan
	川03 Chuan 03	温二早 Wenerzao	四川德阳 Deyang， Sichuan
	贵01 Gui 01	毕节红蒜 Bijiehongsuan	贵州毕节 Bijie， Guizhou
	贵02 Gui 02	务川红蒜 Wuchuanhongsuan	贵州务川 Wuchuan， Guizhou
	贵03 Gui 03	麻江红蒜 Majianghongsuan	贵州麻江 Majiang， Guizhou
	贵04 Gui 04	威宁大蒜 Weiningdasuan	贵州威宁 Weining， Guizhou
	皖01 Wan 01	亳州早熟蒜 Bozhouzaoshusuan	安徽亳州 Bozhou， Anhui

播种季节 Sowing season	品种编号 Cultivars number	品种名称 Cultivars name	来源 Origin
春播 Spring sowing	甘05 Gan 05	甘州四六瓣 Ganzhousiliuban	甘肃甘州 Ganzhou， Gansu
	新09 Xin 09	新疆吉木萨尔白皮 Xinjiangjimusaerbaipi	新疆吉木萨尔 Jimusaer， Xinjiang
	黑01 Hei 01	阿城紫皮 Achengzipi	黑龙江阿城 Acheng， Heilongjiang
	黑02 Hei 02	宁安紫皮 Ninganzipi	黑龙江宁安 Ningan， Heilongjiang
	晋01 Jin 01	榆次长凝蒜 Yucichangningsuan	山西榆次 Yuci， Shanxi
	青02 Qing 02	乐都老蒜 Ledulaosuan	青海乐都 Ledu，Qinghai
	辽01 Liao 01	海城紫皮 Haichengzipi	辽宁海城 Haicheng， Liaoning
秋播 Autumn sowing	G024	改良蒜 Gailiangsuan	陕西杨凌 Yangling， Shaanxi
	G025	兴平白皮 Xingpingbaipi	陕西杨凌 Yangling， Shaanxi
	川01 Chuan 01	二季早 Erjizao	四川彭州 Pengzhou， Sichuan
	川02 Chuan 02	正月早 Zhengyuezao	四川彭州 Pengzhou， Sichuan
	川03 Chuan 03	温二早 Wenerzao	四川德阳 Deyang， Sichuan
	贵01 Gui 01	毕节红蒜 Bijiehongsuan	贵州毕节 Bijie， Guizhou
	贵02 Gui 02	务川红蒜 Wuchuanhongsuan	贵州务川 Wuchuan， Guizhou
	贵03 Gui 03	麻江红蒜 Majianghongsuan	贵州麻江 Majiang， Guizhou
	贵04 Gui 04	威宁大蒜 Weiningdasuan	贵州威宁 Weining， Guizhou
	皖01 Wan 01	亳州早熟蒜 Bozhouzaoshusuan	安徽亳州 Bozhou， Anhui

试验点 Trial site	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（kg·m^-2）	大蒜素 Allicin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	锗 Germanium/（μg·kg^-1）	硒 Selenium/ （μg·kg^-1）
山西大同 Datong， Shanxi	甘05 Gan 05	1.59±0.07 a	8.50±0.36 a	19.41±1.35 ab	64.66±4.29 c	1.23±0.06 ab	92.07±4.23 a
	新09 Xin 09	0.63±0.03 d	8.39±0.10 a	26.04±1.23 a	77.61±4.59 abc	1.32±0.05 a	61.62±3.12 bc
	黑02 Hei 02	1.08±0.05 bc	8.83±0.61 a	16.72±2.11 ab	83.24±3.03 ab	0.78±0.08 b	70.54±5.03 b
	黑01 Hei 01	0.93±0.04 bcd	4.99±0.18 bc	18.30±1.06 ab	89.61±2.55 a	0.72±0.09 b	62.60±1.26 bc
	辽01 Liao 01	0.93±0.03 bcd	6.97±0.44 abc	21.18±2.34 ab	72.45±3.87 abc	1.28±0.10 ab	46.07±1.36 c
	青02 Qing 02	0.77±0.02 d	7.00±0.98 ab	19.39±2.33 ab	78.86±4.00 abc	1.06±0.06 ab	68.46±2.26 b
	晋01 Jin 01	1.29±0.05 bc	4.57±0.26 c	14.94±1.02 b	67.30±3.65 bc	0.92±0.02 ab	61.30±3.54 bc
	均值 Mean	1.03	7.03	19.43	76.25	1.04	66.09
	变幅 Range	0.63~1.59	4.57~8.83	14.94~26.04	64.66~89.61	0.72~1.32	46.07~92.07
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	31.54	24.27	18.26	11.55	23.35	21.00
青海西宁 Xining， Qinghai	甘05 Gan 05	1.32±0.02 bc	6.56±0.21 bc	21.85±2.21 a	70.98±2.10 b	0.73±0.11 b	71.89±5.39 ab
	新09 Xin 09	1.39±0.08 a	6.29±0.23 bc	15.25±1.69 b	80.54±2.24 a	1.08±0.05 ab	67.90±1.09 ab
	黑02 Hei 02	1.11±0.13 bc	8.60±0.77 a	22.65±2.36 a	74.35±2.18 ab	1.09±0.07 ab	70.11±2.10 ab
	黑01 Hei 01	1.16±0.05 bc	5.53±0.24 c	20.53±1.97 ab	73.69±1.68 ab	0.96±0.04 ab	72.09±0.99 a
	辽01 Liao 01	1.01±0.03 c	6.87±0.63 abc	15.83±0.96 b	77.94±3.46 ab	0.99±0.12 ab	69.34±2.16 ab
	青02 Qing 02	1.63±0.08 a	7.72±0.10 ab	16.59±1.13 b	71.37±2.48 b	1.09±0.06 ab	68.04±3.49 ab
	晋01 Jin 01	1.30±0.02 abc	7.53±0.32 abc	16.38±1.45 b	73.07±1.69 ab	1.23±0.07 a	58.96±0.98 b
	均值 Mean	1.27	7.02	18.44	74.56	1.02	68.33
	变幅 Range	1.01~1.63	5.53~8.60	15.25~22.65	70.98~80.54	0.73~1.23	58.96~72.09
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	16.19	14.54	16.92	4.68	15.09	6.52
陕西太白 Taibai， Shaanxi	甘05 Gan 05	1.07±0.05 a	10.41±0.36 a	22.91±1.98 a	75.98±2.71 bc	0.84±0.05 b	86.56±3.69 b
	新09 Xin 09	0.37±0.03 c	6.18±0.10 c	14.85±0.77 b	90.69±2.87 a	1.30±0.12 ab	84.17±2.14 b
	黑02 Hei 02	1.00±0.04 ab	7.21±0.52 bc	21.51±2.16 a	81.85±2.62 ab	1.14±0.07 ab	61.53±1.06 c
	黑01 Hei 01	0.78±0.05 b	8.24±0.53 abc	22.62±2.01 a	65.02±2.61 c	0.72±0.05 b	63.51±3.15 c
	辽01 Liao 01	1.04±0.06 ab	6.47±0.70 c	18.84±1.95 a	80.49±3.61 ab	1.51±0.07 a	63.97±2.38 c
	青02 Qing 02	0.99±0.06 ab	9.23±0.66 ab	22.51±2.26 a	69.27±3.39 bc	1.37±0.04 ab	64.41±5.49 c
	晋01 Jin 01	0.89±0.06 ab	7.88±0.38 bc	20.84±2.25 a	80.71±2.54 ab	1.46±0.07 a	107.81±4.20 a
	均值 Mean	0.88	7.95	18.80	77.72	1.19	75.99
	变幅 Range	0.37~1.07	6.18~10.41	14.85~22.91	65.02~90.69	0.72~1.51	61.53~107.81
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	27.79	18.97	15.36	10.99	25.88	23.01

试验点 Trial site	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（kg·m^-2）	大蒜素 Allicin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	锗 Germanium/（μg·kg^-1）	硒 Selenium/ （μg·kg^-1）
山西大同 Datong， Shanxi	甘05 Gan 05	1.59±0.07 a	8.50±0.36 a	19.41±1.35 ab	64.66±4.29 c	1.23±0.06 ab	92.07±4.23 a
	新09 Xin 09	0.63±0.03 d	8.39±0.10 a	26.04±1.23 a	77.61±4.59 abc	1.32±0.05 a	61.62±3.12 bc
	黑02 Hei 02	1.08±0.05 bc	8.83±0.61 a	16.72±2.11 ab	83.24±3.03 ab	0.78±0.08 b	70.54±5.03 b
	黑01 Hei 01	0.93±0.04 bcd	4.99±0.18 bc	18.30±1.06 ab	89.61±2.55 a	0.72±0.09 b	62.60±1.26 bc
	辽01 Liao 01	0.93±0.03 bcd	6.97±0.44 abc	21.18±2.34 ab	72.45±3.87 abc	1.28±0.10 ab	46.07±1.36 c
	青02 Qing 02	0.77±0.02 d	7.00±0.98 ab	19.39±2.33 ab	78.86±4.00 abc	1.06±0.06 ab	68.46±2.26 b
	晋01 Jin 01	1.29±0.05 bc	4.57±0.26 c	14.94±1.02 b	67.30±3.65 bc	0.92±0.02 ab	61.30±3.54 bc
	均值 Mean	1.03	7.03	19.43	76.25	1.04	66.09
	变幅 Range	0.63~1.59	4.57~8.83	14.94~26.04	64.66~89.61	0.72~1.32	46.07~92.07
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	31.54	24.27	18.26	11.55	23.35	21.00
青海西宁 Xining， Qinghai	甘05 Gan 05	1.32±0.02 bc	6.56±0.21 bc	21.85±2.21 a	70.98±2.10 b	0.73±0.11 b	71.89±5.39 ab
	新09 Xin 09	1.39±0.08 a	6.29±0.23 bc	15.25±1.69 b	80.54±2.24 a	1.08±0.05 ab	67.90±1.09 ab
	黑02 Hei 02	1.11±0.13 bc	8.60±0.77 a	22.65±2.36 a	74.35±2.18 ab	1.09±0.07 ab	70.11±2.10 ab
	黑01 Hei 01	1.16±0.05 bc	5.53±0.24 c	20.53±1.97 ab	73.69±1.68 ab	0.96±0.04 ab	72.09±0.99 a
	辽01 Liao 01	1.01±0.03 c	6.87±0.63 abc	15.83±0.96 b	77.94±3.46 ab	0.99±0.12 ab	69.34±2.16 ab
	青02 Qing 02	1.63±0.08 a	7.72±0.10 ab	16.59±1.13 b	71.37±2.48 b	1.09±0.06 ab	68.04±3.49 ab
	晋01 Jin 01	1.30±0.02 abc	7.53±0.32 abc	16.38±1.45 b	73.07±1.69 ab	1.23±0.07 a	58.96±0.98 b
	均值 Mean	1.27	7.02	18.44	74.56	1.02	68.33
	变幅 Range	1.01~1.63	5.53~8.60	15.25~22.65	70.98~80.54	0.73~1.23	58.96~72.09
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	16.19	14.54	16.92	4.68	15.09	6.52
陕西太白 Taibai， Shaanxi	甘05 Gan 05	1.07±0.05 a	10.41±0.36 a	22.91±1.98 a	75.98±2.71 bc	0.84±0.05 b	86.56±3.69 b
	新09 Xin 09	0.37±0.03 c	6.18±0.10 c	14.85±0.77 b	90.69±2.87 a	1.30±0.12 ab	84.17±2.14 b
	黑02 Hei 02	1.00±0.04 ab	7.21±0.52 bc	21.51±2.16 a	81.85±2.62 ab	1.14±0.07 ab	61.53±1.06 c
	黑01 Hei 01	0.78±0.05 b	8.24±0.53 abc	22.62±2.01 a	65.02±2.61 c	0.72±0.05 b	63.51±3.15 c
	辽01 Liao 01	1.04±0.06 ab	6.47±0.70 c	18.84±1.95 a	80.49±3.61 ab	1.51±0.07 a	63.97±2.38 c
	青02 Qing 02	0.99±0.06 ab	9.23±0.66 ab	22.51±2.26 a	69.27±3.39 bc	1.37±0.04 ab	64.41±5.49 c
	晋01 Jin 01	0.89±0.06 ab	7.88±0.38 bc	20.84±2.25 a	80.71±2.54 ab	1.46±0.07 a	107.81±4.20 a
	均值 Mean	0.88	7.95	18.80	77.72	1.19	75.99
	变幅 Range	0.37~1.07	6.18~10.41	14.85~22.91	65.02~90.69	0.72~1.51	61.53~107.81
	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	27.79	18.97	15.36	10.99	25.88	23.01

试验点 Trial site	品种 Cultivar	产量 Yield/（kg·m^-2）	大蒜素 Allicin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	锗 Germanium/（μg·kg^-1）	硒 Selenium/ （μg·kg^-1）
山东金乡 Jinxiang， Shandong	G024	2.21±0.07 a	6.56±0.17 a	19.93±1.23 bc	88.28±1.51 ab	0.96±0.06 ab	61.86±2.00 bc
	G025	1.75±0.12 cd	5.97±0.87 ab	22.32±1.03 abc	86.55±2.08 b	0.83±0.07 bc	61.23±2.18 bc
	川01 Chuan 01	1.70±0.13 cd	4.87±0.10 bc	23.45±2.05 abc	89.21±1.57 ab	0.95±0.03 ab	52.57±0.38 c
	川02 Chuan 02	2.14±0.10 ab	4.98±0.48 bc	25.56±0.98 ab	87.44±1.46 ab	1.15±0.11 a	76.68±4.63 a
	川03 Chuan 03	1.78±0.11 cd	6.65±0.41 a	26.36±1.20 a	88.62±2.45 ab	0.90±0.04 ab	55.74±0.83 c
	贵01 Gui 01	1.44±0.05 d	5.82±0.79 ab	18.24±1.56 c	93.31±1.45 ab	0.85±0.07 bc	58.13±1.57 bc
	贵02 Gui 02	2.09±0.14 abc	4.68±0.57 c	26.55±1.08 a	87.18±1.63 ab	0.72±0.04 c	58.20±0.83 bc
	贵03 Gui 03	2.16±0.09 ab	6.55±0.27 a	25.41±2.13 ab	91.56±3.17 ab	0.84±0.07 bc	61.40±1.12 bc
	贵04 Gui 04	2.28±0.11 a	5.15±0.33 ab	23.44±2.14 abc	94.44±2.61 ab	0.66±0.02 c	67.00±2.28 b
	皖01 Wan 01	1.96±0.09 abc	6.02±0.19 ab	24.26±0.96 abc	97.91±2.95 a	1.02±0.10 ab	67.25±1.17 ab
	均值 Mean	1.95	5.72	23.55	90.45	0.89	62.01
	变幅 Range	1.44~2.28	4.68~6.65	18.24~26.55	86.55~97.91	0.66~1.15	52.57~76.68
	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%	13.98	13.16	11.65	4.13	16.04	11.10
江苏邳州 Pizhou， Jiangsu	G024	2.00±0.13 a	7.51±0.63 ab	18.39±1.32 a	97.30±0.81 a	1.08±0.19 b	67.04±1.31 bc
	G025	1.32±0.11 ab	7.92±0.57 ab	21.18±2.10 a	86.54±2.78 ab	1.03±0.10 b	83.03±2.37 a
	川01 Chuan 01	1.70±0.08 a	6.41±0.34 b	19.24±1.89 a	86.18±6.92 ab	0.89±0.06 bc	77.31±3.74 ab
	川02 Chuan 02	1.57±0.09 ab	8.42±0.96 a	18.68±1.23 a	91.36±6.81 ab	1.06±0.12 b	73.45±1.67 abc
	川03 Chuan 03	1.45±0.03 ab	8.75±0.61 a	20.22±2.11 a	91.72±3.47 ab	0.98±0.06 b	75.44±0.77 abc
	贵01 Gui 01	0.91±0.10 b	8.01±0.14 ab	18.92±1.79 a	90.33±1.83 ab	1.53±0.03 a	63.24±1.49 c
	贵02 Gui 02	1.53±0.10 ab	7.22±0.37 ab	23.18±2.20 a	86.07±1.74 b	0.72±0.04 bc	64.40±1.37 c
	贵03 Gui 03	1.28±0.09 ab	6.99±0.25 b	17.93±1.58 a	91.87±6.74 ab	1.06±0.70 b	67.68±1.58 bc
	贵04 Gui 04	1.21±0.09 ab	7.21±0.78 ab	21.55±0.52 a	94.59±2.20 ab	1.01±0.15 b	70.57±3.27 abc
	皖01 Wan 01	1.32±0.11 ab	8.05±0.17 ab	22.96±0.89 a	85.98±1.11 b	0.98±0.04 b	70.95±2.36 abc
	均值 Mean	1.43	7.65	20.23	90.19	1.03	71.31
	变幅 Range	0.91~2.00	6.41~8.75	17.93~23.18	85.98~97.30	0.72~1.53	63.24~83.03
	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%	20.83	9.29	9.41	4.38	19.75	8.62
陕西杨凌Yangling， Shaanxi	G024	2.25±0.09 a	8.28±0.21 bc	9.88±0.58 c	94.34±2.84 a	0.69±0.07 c	78.74±1.12 c
	G025	1.46±0.09 bcd	11.40±0.27 ab	17.61±0.26 b	74.22±1.10 b	1.46±0.12 a	105.90±3.25 a
	川01 Chuan 01	1.29±0.04 bcd	13.62±0.63 ab	21.46±1.67 ab	78.04±3.41 ab	0.95±0.08 abc	99.35±2.33 b
	川02 Chuan 02	1.47±0.10 bcd	14.19±0.56 a	23.74±2.69 ab	83.57±2.90 ab	1.32±0.06 ab	86.03±3.11 bc
	川03 Chuan 03	1.00±0.10 cd	13.32±2.36 ab	26.80±2.33 a	81.75±3.11 ab	0.64±0.06 c	83.38±0.76 bc
	贵01 Gui 01	0.95±0.12 d	9.70±1.83 bc	17.51±1.68 b	87.24±3.47 ab	1.18±0.13 ab	85.62±4.40 bc
	贵02 Gui 02	1.24±0.12 bcd	7.24±0.32 c	17.68±1.01 b	86.62±2.19 ab	0.78±0.12 bc	76.20±1.08 c
	贵03 Gui 03	1.51±0.11 bc	12.08±1.78 ab	25.38±0.96 a	87.32±5.57 ab	0.89±0.09 abc	91.34±5.75 bc
	贵04 Gui 04	1.59±0.05 b	10.37±1.31 bc	18.94±1.57 b	79.26±5.46 ab	0.95±0.04 abc	88.57±3.10 bc
	皖01 Wan 01	0.97±0.11 cd	11.74±1.44 ab	23.47±2.59 ab	79.70±2.21 ab	0.69±0.02 c	97.18±5.90 bc
	均值 Mean	1.37	11.19	20.25	83.21	0.96	89.23
	变幅 Range	0.95~2.25	7.24~14.19	9.88~26.80	74.22~94.34	0.64~1.46	76.20~105.90
	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%	28.25	20.53	24.62	7.01	29.48	10.47