Table of Content

15 July 2022, Volume 24 Issue 7

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AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FORUM

Research on the Development Path of Agricultural Scientific Informatization Under Data-intensive Environments

Ruixue ZHAO, Tan SUN, Xiaorong YANG, Jian WANG

2022, 24(7):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1046

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With deepening of the revolution of data-intensive research paradigm， how to use information technology to promote the integration of rich agricultural data types and application scenarios， and realize the sustainable development of the agricultural science and technology innovation system has become the primary issue for the development of scientific informatization in agricultural research institutions. In order to promote agricultural scientific research innovation， a framework model for the development of scientific informatization was built under the transformation of data-intensive scientific research paradigm， which included 4 dimensions： basic environment， scientific research big data center， intelligent equipment and new scientific research platform. Based on this framework model， the key construction measures and development directions of scientific informatization for researchers’ data ability improvement and innovation needs was proposed， which would help to improve the ability of scientific informatization for “integrate into the environment and embed in the process” in process of innovation and management， and transform scientific informatization from supporting assistance to leading development in the future.

Study on Financing Strategy of Conditional Construction of Central Agricultural Scientific Research Institutions

Song FANG, Yaoxi XIA

2022, 24(7):  8-14.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0278

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The conditional construction of Central Agricultural Scientific Research Institutions （CASRI） provides a solid material guarantee for the promotion of China’s agricultural scientific and technological innovation ability and high-level exertion of national strategic of scientific and technological development. This paper analyzed the capital investment in the conditional construction of CASRI， and constructed the conditional construction financing system based on the idea of “integrated planning， expansion and optimization”， and put forward the management strategies of giving priority to the use of central financial funds， actively striving for local government funds， exploring the use of social capital and conditional using owned funds， as well as the differentiated manageming countermeasures of construction funds from different channels， which would provide a practical reference for the financing activities of conditional construction of relevant units and a foundation for the deepening of related research， and provide support for high-quality development of agriculture.

Situation and Countermeasures of Well⁃facilitated Farmland in China

Chunlei SUN, Hong YANG, Dong HAN, Congming HAO, Hu LI

2022, 24(7):  15-22.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0487

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The construction of well-facilitated farmland in China in the past 10 years was reviewed， and according to the characteristics of the organization and implementation of well-facilitated farmland construction in different periods， the work of well-facilitated farmland construction in the past 10 years was divided into 3 stages. And this paper summarized the well-facilitated farmland construction of 31 provincial-level region （xinjiang including xinjiang production and constrution crops） at each stage， including the main characteristics of the well-facilitated farmland construction， the completion of the work of well-facilitated farmland construction， and the specific achievement of well-facilitated farmland construction. Finally， in view of the major problems and the challenges faced by well-facilitated farmland construction in the coming period， the paper put forward suggestions such as paying attention to top level system design， innovating investment and financing mechanism， strengthened key process management， etc..

BIOTECHNOLOGY & LIFE SCIENCE

Progress of Maize Biology Research in China

Shuai WANG, Wei SONG, Ronghuan WANG, Jiuran ZHAO

2022, 24(7):  23-31.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0544

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Maize is an important grain crop with larger planting area and higher total yield in China， and it plays a key role in the important strategy of ensuring food security in China. In recent years， maize biology research in China demonstrated significant progresses and published a series of important research results. In this paper， the major progresses of maize biology research in China in the past 3 years were summarized in the following directions： maize genomics， genetic regulations of maize male sterility， genetic regulations of plant architecture， genetic regulations of maize kernel development， haploid breeding technology， genetic regulations of maize biotic and abiotic stresses， research based on germplasm resources， molecular genetic research technology and platform， which would provide ideas and references for the future research of maize molecular breeding.

Research Progress on Cotton Gene Discovery and Molecular Breeding

Zhengwen SUN, Qishen GU, Yan ZHANG, Xingfen WANG, Zhiying MA

2022, 24(7):  32-38.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0583

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Cotton is not only important natural fiber crop in the world， it is also one of the important cash crops and raw materials for textile industry in China. Biotechnology breeding is an mean for variety improvement and germplasm innovation， with wide application prospect. The completion of cotton genome assemblies is helpful to mine genes of cotton important traits， combine molecular breeding with conventional breeding technology， promote the advancement of cotton breeding and develop superior varieties with broad market prospects. This paper summarized the research progress of cotton germplasm identification， molecular marker development and gene discovery to provide references for related technological innovation and molecular design breeding， and promote the development of cotton biotechnology breeding for future efforts.

Applications and Prospects of Metabonomics in Animal Breeding

Wentong LI, Shanying YAN, Tianwen WU

2022, 24(7):  39-45.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0656

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Metabolomics is a newly developed subject， which constitutes systems biology together with genomics and proteomics. In recent years， metabolomics has developed rapidly and has applications in many fields such as disease diagnosis， pharmaceutical research， food and nutrition science， toxicology， environmental science， botany and animal breeding. This paper systematically introduced the latest research progress of small molecular metabolites in animal breeding in genetic parameter estimation， breed （line） identification， identification of important economic traits， multi-omics association analysis， animal disease models， and analyzed the difficulties in metabolomics research. With the continuous improvement and optimization of research methods， more and more metabolites were understanded， meanwhile the research on metabonomics technology in agricultural animal breeding was gradually increasing and metabolomics research would surely become a powerful means of animal breeding.

Screening and Evaluation of Drought Resistance Indicators at Flowering and Boll Stage of Upland Cotton

Chengchuan YAN, Qingtao ZENG, Qin CHEN, Jincheng FU, Tingwei WANG, Quanjia CHEN, Yanying QU

2022, 24(7):  46-57.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1086

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In order to analyze the drought resistance of cotton resources， 253 upland cotton resources were used as experimental materials for drought stress treatment at flowering and bolling stages. 15 indexes related to photosynthesis， agronomic traits and yield traits were determined. Through principal component analysis， correlation analysis， drought resistance membership function analysis and cluster analysis， the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance and drought resistance index screening of 253 upland cotton resources were conducted. With drought resistance measurement value （D value） as the parameter， the above resources could be divided into 5 categories including strong drought resistance， drought resistance， drought resistance， relatively sensitive and sensitive drought. Among them， 14 materials with strong drought resistance included JK625， Kuche 7946 and Kenya 2， drought-sensitive materials included HT-176， Chuan R128， Emian 18， etc.. Effective boll number， stomatal conductance， transpiration rate， chlorophyll relative value， effective branch number， lint weight and plant height were more sensitive to dronght than other indexes， which could be used as key indexes for drought resistance identification at flowering and boll stage. In addition， the relative chlorophyll value， plant height， stomatal conductance and transpiration rate could be used as the vertical indexes for drought resistance at flowering and boll stage.

Regional Trial Evaluation of High Quality Garlic Cultivars of China

Xiaxia LI, Siyu ZHANG, Zhihui CHENG

2022, 24(7):  58-68.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0422

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To comprehensively evaluate the adaptability of garlic varieties with high quality in China， 7 spring sowing varieties and 10 autumn sowing varieties were planted in 3 spring sowing area and three autumn sowing area. The yields and contents of allicin， soluble protein， soluble sugar， germanium and selenium of seven spring cultivars and ten autumn cultivars were determined. The ecological adaptabilities of 17 garlic varieties were evaluated comprehensively by principal component analysis. The results showed as followed： in the spring sowing regional trial of garlic， Gan 05 showed better performance in Datong of Shanxi Province and Taibai of Shaanxi Province， Xin 09 and Qing 02 showed better adaptability in Xining of Qinghai； in the autumn sowing regional trial of garlic， G024 showed better adaptability in Jinxiang of Shandong Province， Pizhou of Jiangsu Province and Yangling of Shaanxi Province， Gui 04 showed good adaptability in Jinxiang of Shandong Province， Chuan 01， Chuan 02 and Gui 02 showed good adaptability in Pizhou of Jiangsu Province， which provided theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of garlic.

Effects of Mixed Salt Stress on Morphological and Physiological Indexes of Ulmus pumila Seedlings

Yanling HAO, Wei YAN

2022, 24(7):  69-76.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0172

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To reveal the effect of mixed salt stress on the morphology and physiological indexes of Ulmus pumila seedlings， taking Ulmus pumila seedlings as experimental materials， this paper used potted method， and designed 6 mixed salt （isometric NaCl and NaHCO₃ solutions） concentration treatment［0 （CK）， 10 （T1）， 30 （T2）， 50 （T3） 70 （T4）， 100 （T5） mmol·L^-1］ to stress the Ulmus pumila seedlings at different time. The growth and physiological indexes of Ulmus pumila seedlings under mixed salt stress were analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Ulmus pumila seedlings was sensitive to salt stress. When the salt concentration was low （10 mmol·L^-1）， it showed obvious inhibitory effect. After stressed for 35 d， the total biomass，height， and ground diameter growth of the Ulmus pumila seedlings significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentration. When the mixed salt concentration was more than 50 mmol·L^-1， the decreasing range among treatments tended to be stable. Under different salt concentration stress， the ratio of root to shoot was higher than that of the control group. With the increase of salt stress， the content of malondialdehyde and relative conductivity gradually increased at different treatment time. While the soluble sugar， peroxidase and super oxidation dismutase showed trends of increasing first and then decreasing. Under different treatment time，the chlorophyll content significantly decreased with the increase of the salt stress concentration. When the mixed salt concentration was 100 mmol·L^-1， the chlorophyll content at different treatment time was the minimum. Mixed salt stress could inhibit the growth of Ulmus pumila seedlings to a certain extent. However， Ulmus pumila seedlings could actively adapt to adversity through osmotic adjustment and improve the activity of protective enzymes， thus showing strong salt resistance. The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical reference for the cultivation of Ulmus pumila in saline-alkali areas.

Screening of Carbon Sources for Growth and Spore Formation of Bacillus altitudinis YC-9

Congcong MA, Zehua LUO, Bin CAI, Haobao LIU, Yunshan WANG, Rui MA, Jingang GU

2022, 24(7):  77-85.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0096

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Bacillus altitudinis is one of the most predominent bacteria during tobacco fermentation. This study aimed to impove the growth and spore-producing capability of Bacillus altitudinis YC-9 by optimizing the carbon sources. Firstly， the metabolic characteristics of strain YC-9 to 71 kinds of carbon sources were determined by Biolog Gen Ⅲ plate， then the effects of different carbon sources on the cell amount， growth cycle and spore yield were studied by using an automatic growth curves analyzer， and the optimal conditions for spore production were determined in shaking flasks. The results showed that strain YC-9 efficiently utilized 17 carbon sources， and 4 of them were favorable for both cell growth and spore production； L-malic acid and α-D-glucose were the better carbon sources for spore production in shake flasks， while glucose and inosine was the highest carbon source for the spore rate. The total amount of spores was 3.90 × 10⁷ cfu·mL^-1， and the spore rate was as 60.47%， which was about 2 times higher than that of glucose alone. The cell growth， spore yield， and spore-producing rate of Bacillus altitudinis YC-9 were significantly improved by using optimized carbon sources.

INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE & AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Research on Multi-angle Identification of Grape Leaf Disease Based on 3D Reconstruction

Kui FANG, Cheng LI, Xiao HE, Yineng CHEN

2022, 24(7):  86-96.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0507

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In order to solve the problem of quality and yield decline caused by disease invasion in grape growth， this paper presented a multi-angle image recognition model based on three-dimensional. The model enhanced the data and expanded the dataset for feature aided training by 3D modeling technology. Finally， it combined with convolutional neural network to realize the identification of grape leaf diseases. The accuracy of 3D-MobileNet， 3D-Darknet53， 3D-Resnet34 and 3D-Resnet101 models increased 7.2%， 9.6%， 10.2% and 19.1% than the original model， respectively. The results showed that the method based on 3D multi-angle grape leaf disease identification could effectively identify grape disease types， and provided reference for automatic recognition of grape diseases.

Calibration of Discrete Element Parameters of Corn Coated Seeds Based on Stacking Test

Feixiang LI, Peng WANG, Yunfei WANG, Yuefeng GE, Kaiyi TANG, Dezhi LI

2022, 24(7):  97-107.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0402

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In order to obtain the accurate contact parameters required for the discrete element simulation of corn coated seeds based on the bonded particle model （BPM）， this study calibrated the simulation parameters of the corn coated seed based on the accumulation test. After sorting and screening corn coated seeds of Zhengdan 958， the point cloud data of seeds with better contours were obtained through a laser scanner， and the corn seed simulation model was obtained through processing the point cloud data by CATIA software. Then the Plackett-Burman test was designed， and the variance of the test results was analyzed through the approximate model of the Isight software and the DOE joint module to screen out the parameters that had significant effects on the heap angle： the static friction coefficient of corn seeds， the normal stiffness， Tangential stiffness. Based on the RSM optimization module of the Isight software， the second-order regression model of the accumulation angle and the significance parameter was established and optimized according to the Box-Behnken test results. Taking the actual accumulation angle of corn coated seeds as the goal， the best combination of parameters was obtained with the static friction coefficient between corn seeds 0.269， the normal stiffness 2.54×10⁸ N·m^-3， and the tangential stiffness 5.93×10⁷ N·m^-3. The accumulation angle obtained from the simulation with the calibration parameters was compared with the real test value. The error value was 0.98%， indicating that the simulation results were not significantly different from the real test values. Above results showed that the application of response surface analysis to calibrate the dispersion feasibility of meta-simulation parameters， which provided references for structure designatian and parameter optimization of air-poewred seed planting device.

Effect of Different Emitter Types on Anti-clogging Performance of Biogas Slurry Concentrations

Jie ZHENG, Hong CHEN, Lingjian MENG, Shanjun LI, Luchang MA

2022, 24(7):  108-116.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0408

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In order to study the effect of different emitter type on the clogging process of biogas slurry drip irrigation， and choose the most suitable emitter for biogas slurry drip irrigation fertilization， this paper selected 2 kinds of plate emitter， 2 kinds of cylinder emitter and 1 kind of plate-compensation emitter， and designed 2 kinds of biogas slurry ratio for periodic intermittent irrigation experiment， and compared the average relative flow rate and irrigation uniformity of different emitters. The experimental results showed as followed： the bigger the ratio of biogas slurry to water and fertilizer was， the easier the emitter clogging was； when the flow rate of emitter was the same， the anti-clogging performance of chip emitter was better than that of cylinder emitter and chip compensation emitter； when the emitter type was the same， the larger the rated flow rate was， the better the anti clogging performance was； the clogging process was more uniform and starts from the end of capillary； the type of blockage was physical and biological compound blockage. According to the test results， the optimal irrigation mode for biogas slurry fertilization was suggested as followed： the ratio of water and fertilizer was 1∶3， the irrigation pressure was 80 kPa， and the emitter was 3 L·h^-1； single stage 120 mesh filter was limited， so multi-stage filter could be added.

ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH

Identification of Pathogens of Three Kinds of Fusarium Causing Seed Rot of Chestnut

Nana ZHANG, Xiaolei WEN, Shuangmin LI, Lina FENG, Jiahuan HUO, Shuhui LAN, Jianing LI, Sirou GUO, Jianhua WANG, Huixia QI

2022, 24(7):  117-122.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0489

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To identify the pathogen of the chestnut endosepsis， 3 pathogens including BL-5， BL-7 and BL-9 were isolated and purified by tissue isolation method， and were identified by Koch’?s postulate， morphological characteristics and molecular biological techniques. The results showed that， in the initial stage， the hypha of BL-5 on PDA medium was white with light red pigment in the center of the colony， and the colony gradually turned dark red with yellow hypha observed in the center of the colony in the later stage. The colony of BL-7 on PDA medium was white and villous， and the conidia were oval or pear shaped with transparent color and septate. In addition， the hypha of BL-9 was cotton flocculent on PDA medium， the colony was pink in the initial stage. With the growth of the BL-9 colony， the color of the colony gradually changed to light yellow or brown， and the conidia was slender at both ends and thick in the middle， sickle like， curved or erect shape with chlamydospores. Furthermore， the ITS sequences of BL-5， BL-7 and BL-9 had 99% homology with Fusarium graminearum KJ847741， Fusarium proliferatum MW686898 and Fusarium equiseti KU984711， respectively. So， combining with morphological characteristics and molecular biology technology， BL-5， BL-7 and BL-9 were belonged to Fusarium graminearum， Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium equiseti， respectively， which provided basis for the development of the effective pathogen control technology system.

Metabolomics in Neonatal Lambs of Hu-sheep with Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Lingwei SUN, Mengxian HE, Jianjun DAI, Caifeng WU, Defu ZHANG, Yuexia LIN

2022, 24(7):  123-131.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1060

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As a precious breed in China， Hu-sheep is a good duel-purpose breed both for mutton and wool， which have precociousness and hyper-prolificacy. Because of multiple pregnancy， it is easy to lead to malnutrition during pregnancy， resulting in intrauterine growth restriction （IUGR） of newborn lambs. In order to analyze the plasma metabolic profiles of neonatal lambs with IUGR and compare them with controls to define the metabolic patterns associated with IUGR， 14 neonatal lambs of Hu-sheep were screened according to birth weight， and then allotted to two groups， normal birth weight （NBW） and IUGR groups （n=7）. ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance （¹H-NMR） based metabolomics approach of the plasma samples collected from the two groups was obtained. The results was used to screen differential metabolites and analyze related metabolic pathways. The plasma samples of the NBW and IUGR groups were detected by ¹H-NMR， and 32 metabolites were obtained. 16 metabolites were differentially expressed between the 2 groups. Compared with NBW group， the concentrations of 10 metabolites were significantly lower in IUGR group （P<0.05）， and the concentrations of 6 metabolites were significantly upper （P<0.05）. The significant metabolic pathways of those metabolites were amino acids， carbohydrates， and lipids pathways. This study indicated that ¹H-NMR based on metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis could be used to characterize changes in metabolomics between neonates lambs of IUGR and controls， which provided foundation for further in-depth molecular mechanism studies on IUGR.

BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY

Activating Effect and Fertilizer Efficiency of Bio-chemical Combination on Potassium Feldspar

Xiaoyu LIU, Xixing SHENG, Zongwen LIAO, Lizhen LIN, Kunting LI, Yanfei CAI, Huojun CHEN

2022, 24(7):  132-140.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0410

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The activation effect of potassium feldspar （K-feldspar） with different dosage and treatment methods were studied by using potassium-solubilizing bacteria （KSB） and activator. The activation mechanism and fertilizer efficiency of biological-chemical combination were explored by X-ray diffraction and corn pot experiment. Different KSB （YC602， YC605 and YC606） combined with activator QN could release water-soluble potassium and available potassium from K-feldspar， and YC602 had the best enhancing effect. YC602 and QN were selected for optimization test， T1 （5%QN+drying at 100 ℃+YC602） and T3 （3%QN+ soaking in water+drying at 200 ℃+YC602） had better activation. Increasing the dosage of activator was beneficial for releasing of water soluble potassium and available potassium.Culture time had little effect on the release of available potassium， while the amount of water-soluble potassium was the best for 24 h. The pot experiment showed that T2A treatment group could effectively promote the growth of maize under the condition of reducing 50% potassium chloride application. Leaching experiment showed that combined technology could effectively reduce the leaching loss of potassium， and the long-lasting fertilizer efficiency. Therefore， bio-chemical combined technology could improve the effectiveness of K-feldspar at normal temperature and pressure， significantly reduce the activation cost， and greatly reduce the potassium chloride consumption， which had the advantages of reduction， efficiency and environmental protection.

Applicability of Different Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Calculation Models at Western Region of Hubei Province

Wen XU, Hu LI, Shijiang ZHU, Weiping HE, Yu DU

2022, 24(7):  141-149.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0205

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The western region of Hubei province is complex and diverse geography， and distinct climatic seasons， therefore， a sound estimation of reference crop evapotranspiration for various crops is the basis for irrigation management. In order to provide basis for the use of ET₀ method for the western region of Hubei province， the meteorological data of Yichang Meteorological Station in Western Hubei from 1951 to 2013 was collected to make comparison of the values of ET₀ by Hargreaves， Priestley-Taylor， FAO-24 Radiation and Mc-Cloud formula to the ET₀ calculated by Penman-Monteith formula method. The results showed that： FAO-24 Radiation formula， with a typical annual average correlation coefficient of 0.994 and an average relative error of 85.9%， was highly applicable and might be used directly for the calculation of local reference crop evapotranspiration. The Hargreaves formula and Priestley-Taylor formula had an analysis error as high as 189.8% and 164.4%， respectively. And Mc-Cloud had the lowest correlation coefficient which was less than 0.900 in high flow year， therefore， the 3 formulas had poor applicability to calculating reference crop evapotranspiration in the western region of Hubei province. The FAO-24 radiation had an average error of about 6% after correction， and could be directly used for the of special dry year （p=90%）， low flow year （p=75%）， median water year （p=50%）， high flow year （p=25%） calculation of reference crop evapotranspiration in the western region of Hubei province， and their correction formulas were ET′_{0 d}=0.616×ET_{0 d（F-R）}-1.936， ET′_{0 l}=0.583×ET_{0 l（F-R）}-2.532， ET′_{0 m}=0.580×ET_{0 m（F-R）}-1.928， ET′_{0 h}=0.589×ET_{0 h（F-R）}-1.209，respectively．

Effect of Hole Seedling Number on Quality of Northern Japonica Rice Under Different Cultivation Modes

Jiazhi ZHANG, Wenyu WANG, Xingyu WANG, Changyu ZHANG, Shuwen SHI, Yuxuan HE, Hongyuan ZHOU, Lihua LIU, Guiping ZHENG

2022, 24(7):  150-158.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0745

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In order to clarify the influence of the number of hole seedlings on the quality of northern japonica rice under different tillage modes， Kenjing 8 was selected as the material， and the two-factor split area design was adopted to study the tillage mode （A1： conventional tillage； A2： double-deep ridge planting） and the number of hole seedlings （B1： 3 seedlings per hole； B2： 6 seedlings per hole； B3： 9 seedlings per hole； B4： 12 seedlings per hole） influence on rice quality. The results showed that the double-deep ridge planting mode significantly improved the processing quality and taste value of rice. With the increase of seedlings per hole， the processing quality and appearance quality showed a downward trend， manifested as B1>B2>B3>B4. With the increase of seedlings per hole， the amylose content showed an upward trend， the protein content showed a downward trend， while the edible value firstly increased and then decreased. The edible value of B2 treatment was the highest with 82.46 scores， which was higher than those of B1， B3 and B4 treatments by 1.47， 0.20 and 0.15 scores， respectively. It should provide theoretical basis and technical support for the high-yield， high-quality and reasonable dense planting of the new double-deep ridge cropping model.

Research on Light Use Efficiency of Rice Based on Eddy Covariance Method

Shuangya WEN, Nan SHI, Chongyi CHEN, Haiyan HU, Zhiqiang GAO

2022, 24(7):  159-166.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0827

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In order to explore the dynamic characteristics of light use efficiency （LUE） during the growing season of rice， the flux observation data of rice field from May to September in 2020 was studied. The effects of environmental factors on LUE were analyzed by applying simple correlation analysis and path analysis methods. The results showed that the fluctuation range of LUE was from 0.25% to 2.23% with the average value 0.95%. And LUE at hour scale showed higher values in the morning and evening， and lower values at noon， which daily dynamics showed a single-peak curve change of firstly increasing and then decreasing. LUE in daily scale was mainly influenced by photosynthetic effective radiation and air temperature， which provided theoretical basis for rationally utilizing farmland ecosystem resources and promoting the application of LUE in productivity model.

Dynamics of Soil Water Content and Yield Formation Characteristics of Winter Wheat Under Water Limited Irrigation in Spring in Haihe Plain

Xuejing LIU, Xiaoyuan BAO, Xiaoyang HOU, Wenchao ZHEN

2022, 24(7):  167-176.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0998

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Contradiction between winter wheat production and water shortage in Haihe Plain is becoming an increasingly prominent problem. It is urgent to establish water limited irrigation system to achieve the coordination and unity of high yield and water efficiency. 2 types of winter wheat varieties were used， including drought-land group （Shinong 086， Jimai 585 and Shixin 828） and fully-irrigated-land group （Shimai 22， Hengguan 35 and Jimai 418） from 2018 to 2020. 2 sowing dates of suitable sowing and late sowing were employed. Each sowing date was treated with 6 different irrigation periods： control group was irrigated twice in spring， one at the 3-leaf stage and the other at the anthesis stage； no irrigation treatment in spring was as control； four primary irrigation treatments were applied in spring， designating as 3-leaf stage irrigation， 4-leaf stage irrigation， 5-leaf age irrigation， and 6-leaf age irrigation. The dynamics of soil moisture and the yield composition characteristics of winter wheat under different treatments were investigated. The major results were as follows： upon water limited irrigation in spring， 0—60 cm soil layer was the primary water supply layer， and dynamics of soil water content （SWC60） significantly affected the formation of wheat yield. 4-leaf stage was the best irrigation period for primary irrigation of winter wheat in spring， and its degree of drought stress before irrigation was low， and the SWC60 was lower than 60% until the end of milk maturity period after irrigation， and its level of drought stress was also relatively light. Under water limited irrigation in spring， the yield of winter wheat decreased significantly， and the yield decline of dry land group was lower than that of water land group. For the overall performance of single irrigation treatment with different leaf ages in spring， and lowest yield loss was irrigation at 4-leaf age in spring， with an average reduction of about 10%. There was no significant difference between the yield level of primary irrigation treatment in spring and the corresponding suitable sowing treatment. The yield and WUE of 4-leaf stage irrigation treatment in spring were significantly higher than those of other primary irrigation treatments in spring. The spikes， kernel number and 1 000-grain weight were more balanced and coordinated， while achieving the yield level of 7 502.9~8 050.0 kg·hm^?2， WUE reached 17.5~20.1 kg·hm^?2·mm^?1， saving 70.1 mm compared with twice irrigation in spring. This study provided theoretical basis for constructing a precision and efficient water limited irrigation system for wheat in spring.

Effect of Chemical Regulation on Canopy Structure and Yield of Cotton with Different Nitrogen Amounts

Zengying PENG, Yingying SHEN, Songjiang DUAN, Yifan WU, Zongrun LI, Rensong GUO, Jusong ZHANG

2022, 24(7):  177-186.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0917

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In order to study the regulating effect of DPC on cotton fields with different nitrogen application rates， Xinluzhong 88 was as the material， and a two-factor split zone test design was adopted. 2 pure nitrogen levels were set including 320 （N₃₂₀） and 480 kg·hm^-2（N₄₈₀）， and 4 DPC doses were set including 67 （H1）， 150 （H2）， 260.5 （H3）， 371 g·hm^-2 （H4）. The plant height， plant type， leaf area， specific leaf weight and yield of machine-picked cotton under different treatments were determined. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the canopy index among different treatments. The leaf area index increased with the increase of nitrogen application， the internode length of the upper main stem and the length of the middle and upper fruit branches decreased with the increase of DPC dose. N₃₂₀ treatment had higher SPAD value and scattered radiation transmission coefficient （TC） . Under the H3 dosage， the specific leaf weight of the main stem， number of bolls per plant and weight of single boll were the largest， the yield of seed cotton was significant influenced by the interactive between nitrogen and DPC application. In summary，the increase of nitrogen application would make the cotton excessive growth， which resulted in the poor ventilation in medium stage of cotton growth. The increase in the DPC dose had an obvious inhibitory effect on the cotton plant type， which reduced the number of bolls per plant and weight of the boll. So， the recommended amounts of nitrogen and DPC were 320.0 kg·hm^-2 and 260.5 g·hm^-2， respectively， which should maintain the high leaf area index in the later stage， the good ventilation of field， the more number of bolls per plant and the weight of single boll， and the high yield of seed cotton.

Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Partial Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Bacterial Community in Greenhouse Tomato Root Zone

Xiubo XIA, Tao LI, Shoujun CAO, Jiangang YAO, Hongyun WANG, Lili ZHANG

2022, 24(7):  187-196.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0244

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In order to study the effect of partial substitution of liquid organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community in the root zone of greenhouse tomato， chemical flushing fertilization was used as control （T_CK）， liquid organic fertilizer was set to replace 20% （T_R20）、30%（T_ R30） and 40% （T_R40） chemical flushing. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity， structural composition and differences of bacterial communities in different treatments. The results showed that， at 97% similarity level， 3 747 OTU， 37 phylas， 104 classes， 268 orders， 441 families， 730 genera and 1 401 species were found. There were shared 1 338 OUT in 4 treatments， and there were 140， 129 and 263 unique OTU values in T_R20， T_R30 and T_R40 treatments， respectively. The diversity of bacterial communities in T_R30 treatment was higher than other treatments， and the dominant phylums were Proteobacteria， Chloroflexi， Acidobacteria and Firmicutes， while the dominant genera were norank_c_subgroup_6、Bacillus and norank_f_A4b. Through cluster analysis， principal component analysis， non metric multi-dimensional scale analysis and co-occurrence network analysis， it was found that there were high similarity of bacterial composition between T_CK and T_R30 treatments. By PICRUSt software package， the functional composition of bacterial community showed that the main COGs were similar among four treatments， but the relative abundance of each COG changed. In conclusion， the different proportions of liquid organic fertilizer instead of chemical flushing fertilizer could increase the species of exogenous bacteria， change the richness， diversity and colony composition. And the effect of T_R30 treatment was the most excellent， which provided a theoretical basis for liquid organic fertilizer to replace chemical flushing fertilization.

MARINE AGRICULTURE & FRESHWATER FISHERIES

Surplus Production Model for Chilean Jack Mackerel in the Southeast Pacific Ocean Based on the Environmental Factors

Siqi BAI, Xiaorong ZOU, Peng DING, Ming LIN

2022, 24(7):  197-204.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0405

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In order to simulate the relationship between the fishing ground distribution and environmental factors， based on the fishery data of Chilean jack mackerel （Trachurus murphyi） in the Southeast Pacific Ocean from April to August， 2012 to 2018， 5 environmentally dependent surplus production （EDSP） models were constructed based on different combination of the sea surface temperature （SST）， chlorophyll a concentration （Chl-a）， sea surface height anomaly （SSHA） temperature anomaly （SSTA）. The results indicated that the surplus production model based on the environmental factors SST， Chl-a， SSTA and SSHA was the best， which could be expressed as C_n=\mathrm{1.749}\text{?}\mathrm{12}{E}_n-\mathrm{0.000}\text{?}\mathrm{13}{E_n}^{\mathrm{2}}+\mathrm{0.003}\text{?}\mathrm{50}{T}_n{E}_n-\mathrm{1.978}\text{?}\mathrm{76}{A}_n{E}_n-\mathrm{2.755}\text{?}\mathrm{30}{H}_n{E}_n+\mathrm{0.246}\text{?}\mathrm{74}{S}_n{E}_n.Variation of Chilean jack mackerel biomass was controlled mainly by fishing effort， SST，Chl-a，SSTA and SSHA in the fishing ground.

Cloning of Hexokinase Gene from Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Its Expression Response to High Temperature-acidification Stress

Boqiong WU, Dongyao CUI, Renhe JIAO, Jian SONG, Yaoyao ZHAN, Yaqing CHANG

2022, 24(7):  205-217.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1020

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In order to clarify the sequence information and expression pattern of hexokinase （HK）in Strongylocentrotus intermedius， and preliminarily understand the effects of high temperature-acidification stress on its expression and activity， Strongylocentrotus intermedius was as material. The full-length cDNA of SiHK in Strongylocentrotus intermedius was cloned and characterized usingcDNA ends rapid amplification （RACE） technology and bioinformatics software. And the expression and enzyme activity of SiHK were analyzed in different tissues.The results showed that the total cDNA length of SiHK gene was 2 041 bp， encoding 476 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point （pI） and molecular weight of SiHK protein were 6.44 and 52.72 kD， respectively. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of SiHK protein was the most similar to that of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus HK. The results of qRT-PCR showed that SiHK was expressed in all examined tissues with an obvious tissue specifity， which the relative expression levels in intestine and gonad were higher and the total enzyme activities of SiHK in coelomic fluid and tube feet were higher. Compared with CK， the relative expression of SiHK gene and total enzyme activity of SiHK in intestine and gonad of S. intermedius were changed after high temperature-acidification stress 60 d， which suggested that high temperature-acidification stress might affect metabolism of sea urchins by regulating the expression and enzyme activity of key enzymes of glucose metabolism.