Abstract:

The mitochondrial genomes of higher plant are the largest and the most complex among reported species so far. This review summarized the recent research progresses on higher plant mitochondrial genome. Based on the newly sequenced whole mitochondrial genomes of 10 species of higher plants, this paper mainly focused on sequencing method, gene content and organization, intron content and splicing mode, variation of intergenic regions, RNA editing, repeat sequence, promiscuous DNA and horizontal transfer. Moreover, the genetic origin and evolution of mitochondrial DNA in higher plant were also discussed. Those were expected to provide basis for better understanding about the interaction of nuclear and cytoplasm and plant evolution, etc.

Key words: higher plant, mitochondrial genome, repeat sequence, RNA editing, hetemplasmy

摘要：

高等植物线粒体基因组在目前已知生物中是最大、最复杂的, 阐述了高等植物线粒体基因组的最新研究进展。从全基因组的测序方法开始,重点介绍了高等植物线粒体基因组的组成和结构特点,特别是基因含量、内含子、基因间隔序列、RNA编辑、重复序列、叶绿体和细胞核与线粒体之间的DNA交换以及线粒体基因的遗传起源和进化等热点问题,以期为更好的了解核质互作、植物进化等科学问题奠定基础。

关键词: 高等植物;线粒体基因组;重复序列;RNA编辑;异质性